- Klíčová slova
- Archie Brain,
- MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny lékařství MeSH
- laryngální masky dějiny MeSH
- umělé dýchání přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- významné osobnosti MeSH
- zajištění dýchacích cest přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- MeSH
- laryngální masky klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- plicní surfaktanty * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- plicní ventilace MeSH
- syndrom dechové tísně diagnóza farmakoterapie ošetřování MeSH
- syndrom respirační tísně novorozenců * diagnóza farmakoterapie ošetřování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Novým osobním ochranným prostředkem je obličejová maska vybavená nanovlákenným filtrem s enkapsulovaným jodovaným povidonem, která byla vyvinuta a otestována při klinické zkoušce. Filtr s funkcionalizovanými nanovlákny se vyznačuje nízkým průtokovým (vdechovým) odporem, umožňuje tudíž pohodlné dýchání a minimalizuje vdechování vzduchu procházejícího mimo filtr. Filtr je díky přítomnosti aktivní látky vhodný i pro aplikaci po nechráněné virové expozici. Uskutečněná zkouška prokázala, že testovaný nanovlákenný filtr s jodovaným povidonem se vyznačuje pomalým uvolňováním jódu, které minimalizuje vedlejší účinky, ale zachovává dezinfekční účinnost. Z výsledků naší klinické zkoušky provedené na 207 pozitivně testovaných pacientech se SARS-CoV-2, kteří nosili osobní ochranné prostředky po dobu 4–8 hodin denně po dobu 1 až 4 dnů, vyplynulo, že i množství jódu pouhých 0,00028 ppm postačovalo k významnému snížení reprodukčního čísla a také k ochraně před závažným průběhem onemocnění.
The novel personal protection equipment based on a face mask equipped with a nanofiber filter functionalized with povidone iodine has been developed and tested in a clinical trial. This nanofiber filter was characterized with a low flow resistance and, thus, allowed comfortable breathing. The performed study proved that the novel nanofiber filter with incorporated povidone-iodine was characterized with a slow release of iodine which minimized side effects but kept disinfection efficiency. Our clinical study performed on 207 positively tested SARS-CoV-2 patients wearing the PPE for 4–8 hours daily for 1 to 4 days has shown that even the iodine amount as low as 0.00028 ppm was sufficient to significantly decrease the reproduction number and, very importantly, to protect against severe course of disease.
BACKGROUND: The i-gel® Plus is a modified version of the i-gel® supraglottic airway device. It contains a wider drainage port; a longer tip; ramps inside the breathing channel; and an additional port for oxygen delivery. There has been no prospective evaluation of this device in clinical practice. METHODS: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the performance of the i-gel Plus in adult patients undergoing elective procedures under general anaesthesia. The primary outcome was overall insertion success rate, defined as the ability to provide effective airway management through the device from insertion until the end of the surgical procedure. Secondary outcomes included device performance and incidence of postoperative adverse events. Data from the first 1000 patients are reported. RESULTS: In total, 1012 patients were enrolled; 12 forms were excluded from the final analysis due to incomplete data leaving 1000 included patients (545 female). Overall insertion success rate was 98.6%, with a first-attempt success rate of insertion of 88.2%. A significant difference between females and males was seen for the overall success rate (97.4% vs. 99.6% respectively) but not for first-attempt successful insertion. Mean (SD) oropharyngeal seal pressure was 32 (7) cmH2O. The only independent factor that increased the risk of first-attempt failure was low operator experience. Complications included desaturation < 85% in 0.6%; traces of blood on the device in 7.4%; laryngospasm in 0.5%; and gastric contents inside the bowl in 0.2% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The i-gel Plus appears to be an effective supraglottic airway device that is associated with a high insertion success rate and a reasonably low incidence of complications.
- MeSH
- celková anestezie MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektivní chirurgické výkony * MeSH
- intratracheální intubace * přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- laryngální masky * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zajištění dýchacích cest přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
The recent pandemic has shown that protecting the general population from hazardous substances or pathogens can be a challenging and urgent task. The key element to adequate protection is appropriately sized, well-fitted and sufficiently distributed personal protective equipment (PPE). While these conditions are followed for adult PPE wearers, they are less considered when it comes to protecting subadults. In this study, the assessment of the fit and design improvements of a 3D-printed facial half mask for subadult wearers (4-18 years) is designed. The target population was represented by 1137 subadults, aged 4.06-18.94 years, for whom 3D face models were acquired. The half mask tested, which was originally provided in one subadult size, did not fit appropriately the target population. This finding prompted the creation of four size categories using the age-dependent distribution of the centroid size calculated from 7 facial landmarks. For each size category, a modified half-mask virtual design was created, including resizing and reshaping, and fit was evaluated visually and numerically using averaged and random 3D face representatives.Practitioner summary: The reason for this study was to describe procedures which led to design improvement of an existing half-mask and provide respiratory protection for subadults. To address this, fit was assessed using an innovative metric approach. Four sizes were then created based on centroid size, resulting in improved fit and design.Abbreviations: CH: cheilion landmark; CS: centroid size; EX: exocanthion landmark; GN: gnathion landmark; N: nasion landmark; PPE: personal protective equipment; PR: pronasale landmark; RPE: respiratory protective equipment.
- MeSH
- 3D tisk MeSH
- COVID-19 prevence a kontrola MeSH
- design vybavení * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- masky * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obličej MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prostředky na ochranu dýchání MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
78 stran : ilustrace
- MeSH
- Betacoronavirus MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- kontrola infekce MeSH
- koronavirové infekce MeSH
- masky MeSH
- osobní ochranné prostředky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- infekční lékařství
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
Given their primacy in discussions over public health measures throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper focuses on leadership's messages around masks and mask-wearing, aiming to emphasise the responsibility of leadership in the formation of norms during public health crises. It argues for the importance of robust messaging as a key factor in confidence building and public abidance to health measures, using the shortcomings in mask-wearing communication as a case study. For this purpose, the paper first discusses securitization theory and places it in the context of health to build on risk communication framework. Secondly, it examines the role of leadership and meaning-making in that process by discussing the WHO's early mask guidance and consequent challenges at the state-level by political and health leadership. Lastly, the paper confirms the importance of citizenry's successful reception of health guidance and outlines potential tactics to do so. Having discussed that, the paper addresses other hindrances to public health messaging and confidence-building that rest outside official communication, namely disinformation and misinformation but also negative non-discursive messaging. This, with the aim of building on available literature on the development of epidemiological response and management from a security lens.
- Klíčová slova
- PAXLOVID, Ministerstvo zdravotnictví ČR,
- MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- masky MeSH
- ochrana veřejného zdraví * metody MeSH
- testování na COVID-19 metody normy MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Running across the globe for nearly 2 years, the Covid-19 pandemic keeps demonstrating its strength. Despite a lot of understanding, uncertainty regarding the efficiency of interventions still persists. We developed an age-structured epidemic model parameterized with epidemiological and sociological data for the first Covid-19 wave in the Czech Republic and found that (1) starting the spring 2020 lockdown 4 days earlier might prevent half of the confirmed cases by the end of lockdown period, (2) personal protective measures such as face masks appear more effective than just a realized reduction in social contacts, (3) the strategy of sheltering just the elderly is not at all effective, and (4) leaving schools open is a risky strategy. Despite vaccination programs, evidence-based choice and timing of non-pharmaceutical interventions remains an effective weapon against the Covid-19 pandemic.
- MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- masky * MeSH
- matematické pojmy MeSH
- pandemie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- školy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
