The cancerogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), widely used in the experimental animal model of carcinogenesis, affects various organs, but its effect on muscle fibers is unknown. To evaluate the effect of 15-week DMH treatment on the fiber size and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms, which substantially determine fiber types and their contractile characteristics, pure and hybrid fiber types were immunohistochemically determined according to the MyHC isoform expression in soleus, extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis muscles of DMH-treated and control male Wistar rats. Whereas the size of fibers was mostly unaffected, the MyHC isoform expression was partially affected in both gastrocnemius samples, but not in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus of DMH-treated rats. The lower proportions of hybrid fiber types and especially that of type 1/2x in most gastrocnemius samples of DMH-treated rats resulted in a shift towards a single MyHC isoform expression, but the extent and pattern of the MyHC isoform shift varied across the different gastrocnemius samples. Such variable response to DMH treatment across muscles indicates that each muscle possesses its own adaptive range. These findings are essential for an accurate evaluation of skeletal muscle characteristics in DMH animal model.
- MeSH
- 1,2-dimethylhydrazin toxicita MeSH
- karcinogeny toxicita MeSH
- kosterní svalová vlákna účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- svalová vlákna typu I účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- svalová vlákna typu II účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- těžké řetězce myosinu biosyntéza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C(4)D) was employed for fast determination of meldonium (MEL) in urine samples. Background electrolyte consisting of 2M acetic acid (pH 2.3) was used for separation of MEL from cationic compounds present in urine samples and the overall analysis time was less than 4min per sample. Direct injection of urine samples was possible after 1:9 dilution with deionized water. This simple sample pretreatment was sufficient to eliminate possible matrix effects on CE performance and allowed for precise and sensitive determination of free MEL in urine. Excellent linearity (r(2)≥0.9998) was obtained for two concentration ranges, 0.02-4μgmL(-1) and 2-200μgmL(-1), by simply changing injection time from 10 to 2s without the need for additional dilution of urine samples. Limit of detection was 0.015μgmL(-1) and average recoveries from urine samples spiked at 0.02-123.5μgmL(-1) MEL ranged from 97.6-99.9%. Repeatability of migration times and peak areas was better than 0.35% and 4.2% for intraday and 0.95% and 4.7% for interday measurements, respectively. The above reported data proved good applicability of the CE-C(4)D method to determination of various MEL concentrations in urine samples and good long-term performance of the analytical system. The method might be particularly useful in analyses of large batches of samples for initial testing of MEL-positive vs. MEL-negative urine samples.
- MeSH
- doping ve sportu MeSH
- elektrická vodivost MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární metody MeSH
- elektrolyty MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methylhydraziny moč MeSH
- odhalování abúzu drog metody MeSH
- voda MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- doping ve sportu * MeSH
- látky zvyšující výkon * farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methylhydraziny * farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- sportovní výkon MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- zprávy MeSH
Gyromitra esculenta (Persoon ex Fries) mushrooms have been responsible for severe intoxications and even deaths. Clinical data are characterized primarily by vomiting and diarrhea and after a while by jaundice, convulsions and coma. Other Gyromitra species which may be of concern are G. fastigiata and G. gigas; nevertheless, recent advances in chromatography, biochemistry and toxicology have established that other species within the Ascomycetes may also prove toxic. Their toxins, mainly gyromitrin (N-methyl-N-formyl- N-acetyl-hydrazone) and their higher homologues are converted in the milieu of human stomach into N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine (MFH), then into N-methylhydrazine (MH). The toxicity of these latter chemicals, which are mainly hepatotoxic and even carcinogenic, has been established through in vivo and in vitro experiments with cell cultures and biochemical systems. Considering the chemical structure and the reactivity of these natural compounds, chemical and biochemical mechanisms are defined in order to explain their intrinsic biological activity. These findings imply that consumption of G. esculenta could present a carcinogenic as well as an acutely toxic health hazard.
- MeSH
- acetaldehyd analogy a deriváty otrava toxicita MeSH
- Ascomycota chemie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methylhydraziny chemie otrava toxicita MeSH
- mykotoxiny chemie otrava toxicita MeSH
- otrava houbami etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- dimethylhydraziny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- glukany MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech dietoterapie patologie MeSH
- prekancerózy dietoterapie chemicky indukované patologie MeSH
- tlusté střevo patologie MeSH
- volné radikály MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- 1,2-dimethylhydrazin MeSH
- kašel etiologie MeSH
- kyselina citronová aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- ovalbumin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- rýma MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- morčata MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
