ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The use of Hazomalania voyronii, popularly known as hazomalana, to repel mosquitoes and resist against insect attacks is handed down from generation to generation in Madagascar. In the present study, we investigated the ability of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from the stem wood, fresh and dry bark of H. voyronii to keep important mosquito vectors (Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus) away, as well as their toxicity on three insect species of agricultural and public health importance (Cx. quinquefasciatus, Musca domestica and Spodoptera littoralis). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hydrodistillation was used to obtain EOs from stem wood, fresh and dry bark. The chemical compositions were achieved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Toxicity assays using stem wood and bark EOs were performed on larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and S. littoralis, and adults of M. domestica by WHO and topical application methods, respectively. Mosquito repellent activity of the most effective EO, i.e. the bark one, was determined on human volunteers by arm-in-cage tests, and results were compared with that of the commercial repellent N,N-ddiethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). RESULTS: The H. voyronii EOs were characterized by oxygenated monoterpenes with perilla aldehyde (30.9-47.9%) and 1,8-cineole (19.7-33.2%) as the main constituents. The fresh and dry bark EOs were the most active on Cx. quinquefasciatus and S. littoralis larvae, respectively, with LC50/LD50 of 65.5 mg L-1, and 50.5 μg larva-1; the EOs from wood and fresh bark displayed the highest toxicity on M. domestica (LD50 values 60.8 and 65.8 μg adult-1, respectively). Repellence assay revealed an almost complete protection (>80%) from both mosquito species for 30 min when pure fresh bark EO was applied on the volunteers' arm, while DEET 10% repelled >80% of the mosquitoes up to 120 min from application. CONCLUSION: The traditional use of the bark EO to repel insects has been demonstrated although an extended-release formulation based on H. voyronii EOs is needed to increase the repellent effect over time. A wide spectrum of insecticidal activity has been provided as well, suggesting a possible use of H. voyronii EOs in the fabrication of green repellents and insecticides useful to control mosquito vectors and agricultural pests.
- MeSH
- Aedes účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Culex účinky léků embryologie MeSH
- diethyltoluamid farmakologie MeSH
- dřevo * chemie MeSH
- Hernandiaceae * chemie MeSH
- kůra rostlin * chemie MeSH
- larva účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola * MeSH
- moucha domácí účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- oleje prchavé izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- oleje rostlin izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- repelenty proti hmyzu izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- Spodoptera účinky léků embryologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The rapid spread of highly aggressive arboviruses, parasites, and bacteria along with the development of resistance in the pathogens and parasites, as well as in their arthropod vectors, represents a huge challenge in modern parasitology and tropical medicine. Eco-friendly vector control programs are crucial to fight, besides malaria, the spread of dengue, West Nile, chikungunya, and Zika virus, as well as other arboviruses such as St. Louis encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis. However, research efforts on the control of mosquito vectors are experiencing a serious lack of eco-friendly and highly effective pesticides, as well as the limited success of most biocontrol tools currently applied. Most importantly, a cooperative interface between the two disciplines is still lacking. To face this challenge, we have reviewed a wide number of promising results in the field of green-fabricated pesticides tested against mosquito vectors, outlining several examples of synergy with classic biological control tools. The non-target effects of green-fabricated nanopesticides, including acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and impact on behavioral traits of mosquito predators, have been critically discussed. In the final section, we have identified several key challenges at the interface between "green" nanotechnology and classic biological control, which deserve further research attention.
- MeSH
- dengue MeSH
- hmyz - vektory účinky léků MeSH
- infekce virem zika mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malárie MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola * metody MeSH
- One Health MeSH
- virus zika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Isoxazolines are oral insecticidal drugs currently licensed for ectoparasite control in companion animals. Here we propose their use in humans for the reduction of vector-borne disease incidence. Fluralaner and afoxolaner rapidly killed Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex mosquitoes and Phlebotomus sand flies after feeding on a drug-supplemented blood meal, with IC50 values ranging from 33 to 575 nM, and were fully active against strains with preexisting resistance to common insecticides. Based on allometric scaling of preclinical pharmacokinetics data, we predict that a single human median dose of 260 mg (IQR, 177-407 mg) for afoxolaner, or 410 mg (IQR, 278-648 mg) for fluralaner, could provide an insecticidal effect lasting 50-90 days against mosquitoes and Phlebotomus sand flies. Computational modeling showed that seasonal mass drug administration of such a single dose to a fraction of a regional population would dramatically reduce clinical cases of Zika and malaria in endemic settings. Isoxazolines therefore represent a promising new component of drug-based vector control.
- MeSH
- Culicidae růst a vývoj MeSH
- insekticidy farmakologie MeSH
- komáří přenašeči růst a vývoj MeSH
- kontrola infekčních nemocí metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola metody MeSH
- Psychodidae růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cíl: V letech 2016 a 2017 bylo prováděno monitorování výskytu invazivního komára Ae. albopictus na předpokládaných místech jeho vstupu na území Čech. Tito komáři mohou být zavlečeni na území republiky silniční dopravou ze zemí s jejich masivním výskytem (jihoevropské státy). Materiál a metodika: Monitorování výskytu invazivních komárů bylo prováděno celkem na 16 stanovištích – nejbližší okolí parkovišť a zařízení k odpočinku řidičů u benzinových stanic na dálnicích D1, D3, D5 a odpočívadla na státní silnici E49. K zachycení byly použity pasti, tzv. ovitrapy, což jsou nádobky s vodou lákající gravidní samice komárů Ae. albopictus. Po expozici pastí v terénu byl jejich obsah transportován do laboratoře, kde bylo sledováno líhnutí larev a později líhnutí dospělců (pro snadnější identifikaci druhu komára). Výsledky: V roce 2016 nebyli podél dálnic v Čechách zachyceni žádní invazivní komáři. K prvnímu záchytu došlo začátkem srpna 2017 v blízkosti parkoviště benzinové stanice na 64. km dálnice D3 v blízkosti obcí Mezno/Mitrovice poblíž Miličína (Středočeský kraj). Ae. albopictus zde byl zachycen opakovaně (celkem 8 exemplářů). Další výskyt tohoto druhu (2 exempláře) byl pak zaznamenán na odstavném parkovišti u benzinové pumpy u dálnice D5 nedaleko Rozvadova (Plzeňský kraj) a státní hranice s Německem. Závěr: Zavlečení Ae. albopictus na území ČR je známo od roku 2012 z okolí Mikulova, blízko hranic s Rakouskem (Jihomoravský kraj). V tomto článku je popsán první záchyt komára na dvou různých lokalitách na území Čech. Ukazuje se tak, že tento invazivní druh může být, díky své schopnosti využít sílící silniční dopravu k pasivnímu transportu, zavlečen kamkoliv na území státu.
Study objective: In 2016–2017, the monitoring of possible introduction of an invasive mosquito species, the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera, Culicidae), was conducted in eastern, southern, central and western parts of Bohemia, Czech Republic. Material and Methods: The focus was placed on local major traffic arteries (motorways D1, D3 and D5 and an expressway E49), which connecting South Europe and some of Balkan countries, infested by Ae. albopictus, with the Czech capital Prague. In total, more than 100 ovitraps were placed on 16 study sites - close surroundings of refuelling gas stations and neighbouring parking lots. Results: In August and September 2017, totally eight specimens of Ae. albopictus were collected at the ovitrap site near Mezno/Mitrovice, Central Bohemia on D3 motorway and other two specimens were recovered at the gas station near Rozvadov, West Bohemia on D5 motorway. On the other hand, Ae. albopictus was not recorded on a main Czech motorway D1 connecting Prague and Bratislava capitals during the monitoring. Conclusion: The introduction of this mosquito into the Czech Republic is known since 2012 from surroundings of Mikulov town (South Moravian Region), our records were then the first in the region of Bohemia. Moreover, the distance between positive localities shows the potential for Ae. albopictus to be introduced by ground transport anywhere within the Czech Republic.
- Klíčová slova
- Aedes albopictus, komár tygrovaný,
- MeSH
- Aedes * parazitologie patogenita MeSH
- arboviry MeSH
- Culex parazitologie MeSH
- hmyz - vektory MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
V roce 2015 a 2016 jsme opakovaně detegovali neuroinvazivní linii 2 viru West Nile (WNV-2) v komárech Culex modestus a Cx. pipiens v oblasti rybníků Lednicko-valtického areálu. Tato linie je geneticky shodná s WNV, který byl na daném území poprvé zachycen při rozsáhlém monitorování v roce 2013 a také s kmeny WNV cirkulujícími v současnosti v jižní a střední Evropě. Opakovaný záchyt WNV v komárech naznačuje setrvalý výskyt viru v dané lokalitě a současně varuje infekcionisty a epidemiology před možnými lidskými případy nebo dokonce epidemií západonilské horečky v tomto regionu.
Here we report repeated detection of lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV-2) from Culex modestus and Cx. pipiens mosquitoes collected at fishponds in the Lednice-Valtice Area during the mosquito seasons 2015 and 2016. The WNV strains recovered share genetic homology with WNV strains isolated during an extensive monitoring in 2013 as well as with strains circulating in southern and central Europe at the same time. Repeated detection of WNV indicates its establishment in the area and also warns infection specialists and epidemiologists about possible emergence of human cases or even outbreaks of West Nile fever in the region.
- MeSH
- arboviry izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Culex parazitologie patogenita MeSH
- hmyz - vektory MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola metody MeSH
- virus západního Nilu * patogenita MeSH
- zoonózy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) act as vectors of medical and veterinary importance, due to their ability to transmit many pathogens and parasites. Renewed interest has been recently devoted to the potential of sterile insect technique (SIT) for mosquito suppression. However, the success of the SIT is mostly dependent on the ability of sterile males to compete for mates with the wild ones in the field. Nevertheless, little is known on the sexual chemical ecology of mosquitoes, with special reference to the role of chemical signals in males. We reviewed the current knowledge on mosquito sexual chemical ecology and other key cues affecting courtship and mating behavior. The information available on the aggregation and sex pheromones in mosquito males is rather limited. To the best of our knowledge, the components of the aggregation pheromone stimulating swarming mechanisms have been fully characterized only for Aedes aegypti, while evidence for aggregation pheromones in other mosquito species remains elusive. Further research on this issue is needed, as well as to dissect the relative importance of visual (with special reference to swarming landmarks), vibrational, olfactory and tactile cues perceived during swarming and mate. On the other hand, more knowledge is available for cuticular hydrocarbons, which modulate mating behavior in several species of economic importance. These compounds, coupled with volatile aggregation components, have potential interest for the development of monitoring and trapping systems. In addition, the analyses of cuticular hydrocarbons are essential for discrimination between closely related mosquito species and/or populations.
- MeSH
- Aedes fyziologie MeSH
- biologická kontrola škůdců metody MeSH
- Culicidae fyziologie MeSH
- feromony fyziologie MeSH
- infertilita MeSH
- komáří přenašeči * MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola metody MeSH
- rozmnožování MeSH
- sexuální chování zvířat * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) represent a key threat for millions of humans and animals worldwide, since they act as vectors for devastating parasites and pathogens. Eco-friendly control tools are a priority. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles is rapid and cost-effective. Here we biosynthesized poly-dispersed silver nanocrystals (AgNPs) using a cheap aqueous leaf extract of Adiantum raddianum. AgNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The acute toxicity of A. raddianum extract and biosynthesized AgNPs was evaluated against larvae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi, the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Compared to the leaf aqueous extract, AgNPs showed higher toxicity against An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 values of 10.33, 11.23 and 12.19 μg/ml, respectively. Biosynthesized AgNPs were found safer to non-target organisms Diplonychus indicus, Anisops bouvieri and Gambusia affinis, with respective LC50 values ranging from 517.86 to 635.98 μg/ml. Overall, this study firstly shed light on the potential of A. raddianum as a potential bio-resource for rapid, cheap and effective nanosynthesis of novel mosquitocides.
Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. In this report we present the development of a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV. LLP29-M19 strain of Bt, selected by repeated exposure to UV was found to be highly resistant to UV. The product was optimized and the methods used were statistically analyzed. Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. The best combined concentration and mutual effects of the three factors were optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM.
- MeSH
- algináty farmakologie MeSH
- Bacillus thuringiensis fyziologie MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny farmakologie MeSH
- biologická kontrola škůdců metody MeSH
- biologická ochrana farmakologie MeSH
- Culicidae účinky léků MeSH
- farmaceutická chemie metody MeSH
- kyselina glukuronová farmakologie MeSH
- kyseliny hexuronové farmakologie MeSH
- larva účinky léků MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem farmakologie MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola metody MeSH
- ultrafialové záření MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In Cameroon, many dietary spices are used by traditional healers to cure several diseases such as cancer and microbial infections. Aframomum daniellii, Dichrostachys cinerea and Echinops giganteus are Cameroonian spices widely used as flavourings and as food additives. Moreover, they are traditionally herbal remedies employed to treat several diseases, as well as to control populations of insect pests. In this research, we analysed the chemical composition of A. daniellii, D. cinerea and E. giganteus essential oils and we evaluated their larvicidal potential against larvae of the filariasis and West Nile virus vector Culex quinquefasciatus. The essential oils were obtained from different plant parts by hydrodistillation and their composition was analysed by GC-MS. The three spices exhibited different volatile chemical profiles, being characterized by 1,8-cineole, sabinene and β-pinene (A. daniellii), geraniol and terpinen-4-ol (D. cinerea), and silphiperfol-6-ene and presilphiperfolan-8-ol (E. giganteus). Results showed that the highest larvicidal toxicity on Cx. quinquefasciatus was exerted by D. cinerea essential oil (LC50 = 39.1 μL L(-1)), followed by A. daniellii (pericarp essential oil: LC50 = 65.5 μL L(-1); leaves: LC50 = 65.5μL L(-1); seeds: LC50 = 106.5μL L(-1)) and E. giganteus (LC50 = 227.4 μL L(-1)). Overall, the chance to use the D. cinerea essential oil against Cx. quinquefasciatus young instars seems promising, since it is effective at moderate doses and could be an advantageous alternative to build newer mosquito control tools.
- MeSH
- Anopheles účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Culex účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- filarióza přenos MeSH
- hmyz - vektory účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- insekticidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- koření analýza MeSH
- larva účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola metody MeSH
- oleje prchavé chemie farmakologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kamerun MeSH
v, 51 stran : ilustrace, tabulky
- MeSH
- arboviry MeSH
- hmyz - vektory MeSH
- kurikulum MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola MeSH
- strategické plánování MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
