- MeSH
- Biological Therapy adverse effects MeSH
- Immunotherapy adverse effects MeSH
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial chemically induced physiopathology pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions * physiopathology pathology MeSH
- Parenchymal Tissue pathology drug effects radiation effects MeSH
- Lung * pathology drug effects radiation effects MeSH
- Pneumonia chemically induced diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents administration & dosage adverse effects MeSH
- Radiation Pneumonitis chemically induced epidemiology pathology MeSH
- Radiotherapy adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Nejčastější příčinou sekundární hypertenze je onemocnění ledvinného parenchymu, které představuje až 5 % případů arteriální hypertenze. Renoparenchymatózní hypertenze se vyskytuje jako komplikace většiny glomerulárních a tubulointersticiálních onemocnění a může urychlit zhoršování renální funkce. Patofyziologie renoparenchymatózní hypertenze je komplexní a zahrnuje poruchy homeostázy a exkrece sodíku a z toho rezultující volumovou expanzi, alteraci systému renin‐angiotenzin‐aldosteron, abnormality endogenních vazodepresorů a také zvýšení aktivity vazoaktivních látek. Renoparenchymová hypertenze se může vyskytnout u akutního i chronického onemocnění ledvin a manifestuje se již v časné fázi renálního postižení. Často vyžaduje komplexní farmakologickou léčbu krevního tlaku a je prognosticky nepříznivá z hlediska kardiovaskulárních a renálních komplikací. Tuto formu sekundární hypertenze lze často úspěšně léčit terapií základního renálního onemocnění. V případě nedostatečné kompenzace krevního tlaku dochází k progresi poruchy ledvinných funkcí. Cílem tohoto sdělení je podat stručný přehled o renoparenchymatózní hypertenzi, o aktuálních diagnostických možnostech a principech terapie.
Renal parenchymal disease is the most common cause of secondary hypertension, accounting for up to 5% cases of all cases of systemic hypertension. Renal parenchymal hypertension occurs as a complication of a wide variety of glomerular and tubulointerstitial diseases and may aggravate the decline of kidney function. The pathophysiology of renal parenchymal hypertension represents a combined interaction of the impaired sodium handling leading to volume expansion, alteration of the renin-angiotensin system, abnormalities in endogenous vasodepressor compounds and possibly enhanced activity of vasoactive substances. Renal parenchymal hypertension can occur in acute and chronic kidney disease, manifesting early in the renal function impairment. It often requires complex pharmacological treatment of blood pressure and is prognostically unfavorable in terms of cardiovascular and renal complications. This form of secondary hypertension can often be successfully treated by therapy of the underlying renal disease. In case of insufficient blood pressure compensation, renal impairment progresses. The aim of this paper is to give a brief overview of renoparenchymatous hypertension, current diagnostic possibilities and principles of therapy.
- MeSH
- Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic MeSH
- Diabetic Nephropathies MeSH
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors therapeutic use MeSH
- Blood Volume MeSH
- Blood Pressure MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Blood Pressure Determination MeSH
- Parenchymal Tissue physiopathology MeSH
- Proteinuria urine MeSH
- Hypertension, Renal * diagnosis physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects MeSH
- Vasopressins MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Keywords
- fibroelastóza, retikulace,
- MeSH
- Bronchiectasis diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Dyspnea etiology MeSH
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial * diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Cough etiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Parenchymal Tissue pathology MeSH
- Lung diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
- Radiography, Thoracic MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Dyspnea etiology MeSH
- Thorax diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Cough etiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lymphatic Vessels * pathology MeSH
- Breast Neoplasms diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Parenchymal Tissue diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Lung diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
- Radiography, Thoracic MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- MeSH
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic complications MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Thorax diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Hydronephrosis complications MeSH
- Hyperplasia * diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Comorbidity MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Incidental Findings MeSH
- Neuroendocrine Cells * pathology MeSH
- Parenchymal Tissue diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Lung diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
- Radiography, Thoracic MeSH
- Rare Diseases diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- MeSH
- Esophageal Achalasia complications therapy MeSH
- Respiratory Aspiration * etiology MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Thorax diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Parenchymal Tissue diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Lung diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
- Radiography, Thoracic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Neural precursor cells (NSCs) hold great potential to treat a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and injuries to the spinal cord. However, current delivery techniques require an invasive approach in which an injection needle is advanced into the spinal parenchyma to deliver cells of interest. As such, this approach is associated with an inherent risk of spinal injury, as well as a limited delivery of cells into multiple spinal segments. Here, we characterize the use of a novel cell delivery technique that employs single bolus cell injections into the spinal subpial space. In immunodeficient rats, two subpial injections of human NSCs were performed in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord, respectively. The survival, distribution, and phenotype of transplanted cells were assessed 6-8 months after injection. Immunofluorescence staining and mRNA sequencing analysis demonstrated a near-complete occupation of the spinal cord by injected cells, in which transplanted human NSCs (hNSCs) preferentially acquired glial phenotypes, expressing oligodendrocyte (Olig2, APC) or astrocyte (GFAP) markers. In the outermost layer of the spinal cord, injected hNSCs differentiated into glia limitans-forming astrocytes and expressed human-specific superoxide dismutase and laminin. All animals showed normal neurological function for the duration of the analysis. These data show that the subpial cell delivery technique is highly effective in populating the entire spinal cord with injected NSCs, and has a potential for clinical use in cell replacement therapies for the treatment of ALS, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injury.
- MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Neural Stem Cells metabolism MeSH
- Parenchymal Tissue cytology metabolism MeSH
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
I přes četná úmrtí způsobená onemocněním covid‑19 v rámci současné globální pandemie infekce virem SARS‑CoV‑2 bylo celosvětově publikováno pouze několik kazuistik pitevních nálezů této choroby, které by přitom mohly být cenným zdrojem informací, stejně jako tomu bylo u příbuzných s infekcí virem SARS‑CoV a MERS‑CoV, u nichž pitva pomohla objasnit patogenezi a morfologické znaky způsobené danými viry. Na základě dostupných dat a osobní zkušenosti uvádíme souhrn patologických nálezů onemocnění covid‑19, včetně doporučení ohledně optimálního postupu pitvy k minimalizaci infekčního rizika pro pitevní personál.
Despite numerous deaths caused by COVID‑19 during recent global pandemy of SARS‑CoV‑2 infecti‑ on, only single autopsy case reports have been published so far. However autopsy reports could be a valuable source of information on COVID‑19, as it was in cases of related infections SARS‑CoV and MERS‑CoV in the past. The autopsy revealed pathogenesis and morphological features of these viral infections. According to the available data and personal experience this article provides a summary of pathological findings of COVID‑19 cases, including recommendation of an optimal autopsy procedure to minimize infection risks.
Pro COVID-19 plicní postižení jsou typické periferně uložené opacity typu mléčného skla, někdy velmi měkké; příznak rozpouštěného cukru - unikání infiltrátu do periferie; často kontakt s viscerální jemně zesílenou pleurou (včetně interlobia); přibývání infiltrátu kaudálním směrem.
Those are typicalfindings in COVID-19 lung involvement: ground glass opacities with peripheral distribution, some very soft; sign of the dissolving sugar-peripherally escaping infiltration; often contact with tiny thickened visceral pleura (including interlobium); increasing number of the infiltrates in caudal direction.
- Keywords
- opacity,
- MeSH
- COVID-19 diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Parenchymal Tissue diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Lung * diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed * MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Goto, 1891) is a hematophagous monogenean ectoparasite which inhabits the gills of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Heavy infestation can lead to anemia and in conjunction with secondary bacterial infections cause poor health and eventual death of the host. This study is based on an innovative approach to protein localization which has never been used in parasitology before. Using laser capture microdissection, we dissected particular areas of the parasite body without contaminating the samples by surrounding tissue and in combination with analysis by mass spectrometry obtained tissue-specific proteomes of tegument, intestine, and parenchyma of our model organism, E. nipponicum. We successfully verified the presence of certain functional proteins (e.g. cathepsin L) in tissues where their presence was expected (intestine) and confirmed that there were no traces of these proteins in other tissues (tegument and parenchyma). Additionally, we identified a total of 2,059 proteins, including 72 peptidases and 33 peptidase inhibitors. As expected, the greatest variety was found in the intestine and the lowest variety in the parenchyma. Our results are significant on two levels. Firstly, we demonstrated that one can localize all proteins in one analysis and without using laboratory animals (antibodies for immunolocalization of single proteins). Secondly, this study offers the first complex proteomic data on not only the E. nipponicum but within the whole class of Monogenea, which was from this point of view until recently neglected.
- MeSH
- Carps parasitology MeSH
- Cathepsins analysis metabolism MeSH
- Laser Capture Microdissection MeSH
- Parenchymal Tissue metabolism MeSH
- Platyhelminths metabolism MeSH
- Peptide Hydrolases analysis metabolism MeSH
- Proteome analysis MeSH
- Proteomics methods MeSH
- Intestinal Mucosa metabolism MeSH
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
- Gills parasitology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
