The precise measurement of cell temperature and an in-depth understanding of thermogenic processes are critical in unraveling the complexities of cellular metabolism and its implications for health and disease. This review focuses on the mechanisms of local temperature generation within cells and the array of methods developed for accurate temperature assessment. The contact and noncontact techniques are introduced, including infrared thermography, fluorescence thermometry, and other innovative approaches to localized temperature measurement. The role of thermogenesis in cellular metabolism, highlighting the integral function of temperature regulation in cellular processes, environmental adaptation, and the implications of thermogenic dysregulation in diseases such as metabolic disorders and cancer are further discussed. The challenges and limitations in this field are critically analyzed while technological advancements and future directions are proposed to overcome these barriers. This review aims to provide a consolidated resource for current methodologies, stimulate discussion on the limitations and challenges, and inspire future innovations in the study of cellular thermodynamics.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Temperature MeSH
- Thermogenesis * physiology MeSH
- Thermography * methods MeSH
- Thermometry methods MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Keywords
- Charcotova neuroosteoartropatie,
- MeSH
- Diabetic Foot nursing therapy MeSH
- Wound Healing MeSH
- Diabetes Complications MeSH
- Vitamin D Deficiency therapy MeSH
- Arthropathy, Neurogenic diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Podiatry MeSH
- Toes pathology MeSH
- Skin Temperature MeSH
- Thermometry methods MeSH
- Foot Ulcer nursing therapy MeSH
- Body Temperature Changes MeSH
- MeSH
- Diabetic Foot * diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Lower Extremity pathology MeSH
- Wound Healing MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Vitamin D Deficiency diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Toes pathology MeSH
- Thermometry methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- MeSH
- Electrocardiography methods MeSH
- Glasgow Coma Scale MeSH
- Fever classification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Blood Pressure Determination classification methods instrumentation MeSH
- Monitoring, Physiologic * classification methods MeSH
- Respiration Disorders classification pathology MeSH
- Consciousness Disorders diagnosis classification pathology MeSH
- Thermometry classification methods instrumentation MeSH
- Heart Rate Determination methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Increased temperature in humans is the symptom of many infectious diseases and it is thus an important diagnostic tool. Infrared temperature measurement methods have been developed and applied over long periods due to their advantage of non-contact and fast measurements. This study deals with a statistical evaluation of the possibilities and limitations of infrared/thermographic human temperature measurement. A short review of the use of infrared temperature measurement in medical applications is provided. Experiments and statistics-based evaluation to confirm the expected accuracy and limits of thermography-based human temperature measurement are introduced. The results presented in this study show that the standard deviation of the thermographic measurement of the eyes maximum temperature was 0.4-0.9 °C and the mean values differences from the armpit measurement were up to 0.5 °C, based on the used IR camera, even though near ideal measurement conditions and permanent blackbody correction were used. It was also shown that a certain number of outliers must be assumed in such measurements. Extended analyses including simulations of true negative/false positive, sensitivity/specificity and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves are presented. The statistical evaluation as well as the extended analyses show that maximum eyes temperature is more relevant than a forehead temperature examination.
- MeSH
- Fever diagnosis MeSH
- Infrared Rays * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Body Temperature MeSH
- Temperature MeSH
- Thermography * methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
PURPOSE: Bio-effects following thermal treatments are a function of the achieved temperature profile in tissue, which can be estimated across tumor volumes with real-time MRI thermometry (MRIT). Here, we report on expansion of a previously developed small-animal microwave hyperthermia system integrated with MRIT for delivering thermal ablation to subcutaneously implanted tumors in mice. METHODS: Computational models were employed to assess suitability of the 2.45 GHz microwave applicators for delivering ablation to subcutaneous tumor targets in mice. Phantoms and ex-vivo tissues were heated to temperatures in the range 47-67 °C with custom-made microwave applicators for validating MRIT with the proton resonance frequency shift method against fiberoptic thermometry. HAC15 tumors implanted in nude mice (n = 6) were ablated in vivo and monitored with MRIT in multiple planes. One day post ablation, animals were euthanized, and excised tumors were processed for viability assessment. RESULTS: Average absolute error between temperatures from fiberoptic sensors and MRIT was 0.6 °C across all ex-vivo ablations. During in-vivo experiments, tumors with volumes ranging between 5.4-35.9 mm3 (mean 14.2 mm3) were ablated (duration: 103-150 s) to achieve 55 °C at the tumor boundary. Thermal doses ≥240 CEM43 were achieved across 90.7-98.0% of tumor volumes for four cases. Ablations were incomplete for remaining cases, attributed to motion-affected thermometry. Thermal dose-based ablative tumor coverage agreed with viability assessment of excised tumors. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a system for delivering microwave ablation to subcutaneous tumors in small animals under MRIT guidance and demonstrated its performance in-vivo.
- MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods MeSH
- Microwaves therapeutic use MeSH
- Mice, Nude MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Neoplasms * diagnostic imaging surgery MeSH
- Thermometry * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
In some applications of thermography, spatial orientation of the thermal infrared information can be desirable. By the photogrammetric processing of thermal infrared (TIR) images, it is possible to create 2D and 3D results augmented by thermal infrared information. On the augmented 2D and 3D results, it is possible to locate thermal occurrences in the coordinate system and to determine their scale, length, area or volume. However, photogrammetric processing of TIR images is difficult due to negative factors which are caused by the natural character of TIR images. Among the negative factors are the lower resolution of TIR images compared to RGB images and lack of visible features on the TIR images. To eliminate these negative factors, two methods of photogrammetric co-processing of TIR and RGB images were designed. Both methods require a fixed system of TIR and RGB cameras and for each TIR image a corresponding RGB image must be captured. One of the methods was termed sharpening and the result of this method is mainly an augmented orthophoto, and an augmented texture of the 3D model. The second method was termed reprojection and the result of this method is a point cloud augmented by thermal infrared information. The details of the designed methods, as well as the experiments related to the methods, are presented in this article.
- MeSH
- Photogrammetry * MeSH
- Thermography * methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Keywords
- abdominální hologram,
- MeSH
- Acupuncture methods MeSH
- Abdomen MeSH
- Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Thermography methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
