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Jednou z hlavních determinant zdraví jsou vhodné výživové zvyklosti. Výživa úzce souvisí se spotřebou potravin domácností, která je ovlivněna mimo jiné socioekonomickým statusem. Cílem analýzy je identifikovat souvislosti spotřeby potravin domácností s vybranými demografickými a socioekonomickými indikátory v osmi regionech soudržnosti České republiky. K hodnocení regionů soudržnosti byla použita metoda shlukové analýzy. Z výsledků vyplývá, že působení demografických a socioekonomických indikátorů a spotřeby potravin domácností je v podstatě obousměrné. Pozitivně hodnocený region soudržnosti Praha vykazuje nejoptimálnější spotřebu potravin, ale díky ekonomické situaci současně nejvyšší spotřebu alkoholu a tabáku. Složení domácností s vyšším podílem dětí v domácnosti v regionech soudržnosti Střední Čechy a Střední Morava ovlivňuje nadprůměrnou spotřebu jednoduchých cukrů, ale už se neprojevuje ve zvýšení spotřeby ovoce a zeleniny. Nepříznivá socioekonomická situace regionů soudržnosti Severozápad, Severovýchod a Moravskoslezsko se promítá nejen ve změně demografického chování, ale jednoznačně negativně působí také na zvýšený podíl zdravotně nevhodných potravin i spotřebu návykových látek.

Appropriate nutritional intake habits are a major health determinant. Nutrition is closely related to household food consumption, which is influenced by socio-economic status. The object of this analysis is to identify household food consumption in eight regions of the Czech Republic as part of the NUTS II (Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics II), which involves cluster analysis. Results reveal a bidirectional effect of household food consumption and demographic and socioeconomic indicators. The Prague region is positively evaluated with the most favourable food consumption but also the highest usage of tobacco and alcohol, due to economic factors. Households with more children have an above-average consumption rate of simple sugars but no increase in fruit and vegetable consumption. The unfavourable economic situation in the southwest, southeast and Moravia-Silesian regions is reflected not only in demographics but by its marked negative effects on elevated consumption of inappropriate foods and use of addictive substances.

MeSH
demografie MeSH
fyziologie výživy MeSH
kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
lidé MeSH
potraviny * ekonomika statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
socioekonomické faktory MeSH
stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
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lidé MeSH
Geografické názvy
Česká republika MeSH

Článek

Plýtváme potravinami?
[Do we waste food?]

Výživa a potraviny. 2016 ; 71 (2) : 44-48.

Výživa potraviny
ISSN 1211-846X
Medvik
Zdroj

Článek je zaměřen na problematiku plýtvání potravinami. Tým autorů provedl koncem roku 2014 poměrně rozsáhlé dotazníkové šetření, ve kterém se zaměřil na postoj českých respondentů k problematice plýtvání potravinami v domácnostech a na posouzení chování respondentů ve vztahu k tématu. Výsledky šetření prokázaly, že české domácnosti v průměru měsíčně nezkonzumují 4 % nakoupených potravin (v korunovém vyjádření), přičemž nejčastějším důvodem plýtvání je fakt, že respondent považuje potravinu za prošlou. Výzkum dále ukázal, že Češi sice teoreticky rozumí rozdílu mezi minimální trvanlivostí a označením „spotřebujte do“, v praxi nicméně vyhazují i potraviny s prošlým minimálním datem trvanlivosti, aniž by je otevřeli.

The article focuses on the issue of food wastage. The authors have conducted an intensive questionnaire, investigating the attitude of the Czech respondents to this issue, and reviewing their behaviour concerning food waste. The results of the survey prove that Czech households throw away 4 per cent (in CZK) of the food bought, whereas the fact that the food is considered to have expired was cited as the most often reason of food wastage. According to the survey, the Czech people theoretically understand the difference between “best before” and “use by” date. However, they throw away also food after “best before” without even only opening it.

MeSH
lidé MeSH
potraviny statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
skladování potravin statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
zásobování potravinami * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
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lidé MeSH
Geografické názvy
Česká republika MeSH

Článek

Barriers to Eating Traditional Foods Vary by Age Group in Ecuador With Biodiversity Loss as a Key Issue

Journal of nutrition education and behavior. 2016 ; 48 (4) : 258-68.e1. [pub] 20160208

J Nutr Educ Behav
ISSN 1878-2620
Medvik
Zdroj

OBJECTIVE: To document the perceptions of indigenous peoples for the sustainable management of natural resources against malnutrition. DESIGN: Initially 4 and then 12 interviews were conducted with 4 different age groups. SETTING: Eight rural villages in Guasaganda, central Ecuador, were studied in 2011-2012. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 75 people (22 children, 18 adolescents, 20 adults, and 15 elders). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Benefits, severity, susceptibility, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy of eating traditional foods. ANALYSIS: Qualitative content analysis was completed using NVivo software. Initial analysis was inductive, followed by a content analysis directed by the Health Belief Model. Coding was completed independently by 2 researchers and kappa statistics (κ ≥ 0.65) were used to evaluate agreement. RESULTS: Healthy perceptions toward traditional foods existed and differed by age. Local young people ate traditional foods for their health benefits and good taste; adults cultivated traditional foods that had an economic benefit. Traditional knowledge used for consumption and cultivation of traditional foods was present but needs to be disseminated. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Nutrition education in schools is needed that supports traditional knowledge in younger groups and prevents dietary changes toward unhealthy eating. Increased production of traditional food is needed to address current economic realities.

MeSH
dítě MeSH
dospělí MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
mladiství MeSH
mladý dospělý MeSH
nutriční hodnota MeSH
potraviny statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
preference v jídle etnologie MeSH
senioři nad 80 let MeSH
senioři MeSH
venkovské obyvatelstvo MeSH
zdravé chování etnologie MeSH
zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe etnologie MeSH
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dítě MeSH
dospělí MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
mladiství MeSH
mladý dospělý MeSH
senioři nad 80 let MeSH
senioři MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Geografické názvy
Ekvádor etnologie MeSH

Článek online

Establishing a food list for a Total Diet Study: how does food consumption of specific subpopulations need to be considered?

Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2015 ; 32 (1) : 9-24. [pub] 20141128

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess
ISSN 1944-0057
Medvik
Zdroj

A Total Diet Study (TDS) consists of selecting, collecting and analysing commonly consumed foods to obtain concentration data of different chemical compounds in foods as eaten. A TDS food list summarises the most consumed foods and represents the dietary habits of the general population of the country under study. The work reported here investigated whether TDS food lists that were initially designed for the whole population of the country under study also sufficiently cover the dietary pattern of specific subpopulations that are extra vulnerable for certain contaminants. The work was performed using data of three European countries: the Czech Republic, France and the UK. Each national food consumption database was combined with the corresponding national TDS food list (containing 336, 212 and 119 food items for the Czech Republic, France and the UK, respectively). The data were aggregated on the highest level of hierarchy of FoodEx-1, a pan-European food classification system, including 20 main FoodEx-1 groups. For the group 'milk and dairy products', the coverage of the consumption by the food list was investigated for more refined subgroups. For each food group or subgroup and country, the average percentage of coverage of the diet by the national TDS food list was calculated for different subpopulations, including children versus adults, women versus men, vegetarians versus non-vegetarians, and women of child-bearing age versus older women. The average diet of the different subpopulations was sufficiently covered by the food list of the Czech Republic and France. For the UK the average coverage was low due to a different food-coding approach and because food lists were not derived directly from national food consumption data. At the level of the 20 main food groups, differences between the subpopulations with respect to the average coverage of consumption by the TDS food list were minimal. The differences were more pronounced when looking in detail at the coverage of the dairy consumption. TDS food lists based on the mean consumption of the general population are also applicable to study the chemical exposure of different subpopulations, e.g. children, women of child-bearing age and vegetarians. This lowers the effort when performing a TDS.