BACKGROUND: Adolescence is often seen as an important period for further personality development. In today's world, it is therefore important to keep track of current trends in adolescents. One of them is addictive behaviour in the context of the online environment. Spending too much time online can have a negative impact on the quality of life of adolescents. It is therefore important to pay increased attention to this phenomenon and to respond adequately to the current situation. METHODS: Our study focuses on the prevalence of Internet addiction among Czech and Slovak adolescents. In total, 3,741 respondents participated in the project (N = 2,642 CZ; N = 1,099 SK); their ages ranged from 11 to 19 years (M = 14.38; SD ± 2.27). The research addressed differences among individual types of schools and between sexes in relation to Internet addiction. The research focused on adolescents attending secondary schools (ISCED 2 and 3) between the ages of 11 and 19 in the Czech and Slovak Republics. A questionnaire battery consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) questionnaire was used for data collection. RESULTS: In relation to the category of Internet use, girls did not score higher than boys either in the Czech group F(1, 2112) = .089, p = .765, or in the Slovak group F(1, 927) < .001 p = .994. There is a significant effect of school type both in the Czech group F(4, 2100) = 11.483, p < .001, and in the Slovak group F(4, 859) = 2.859, p = .023. CONCLUSIONS: Our research indicates that some adolescents, particularly boys, face issues with excessive Internet use, affecting social interactions. Further studies in the Czech Republic could explore the link between psychosocial factors and adolescent Internet use. This highlights the need to raise awareness among professionals about Internet addiction in Czech and Slovak adolescents.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- internet statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- návykové chování epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- netholismus * epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
R-loops are common non-B nucleic acid structures formed by a three-stranded nucleic acid composed of an RNA-DNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) loop. Because the aberrant R-loop formation leads to increased mutagenesis, hyper-recombination, rearrangements, and transcription-replication collisions, it is regarded as important in human diseases. Therefore, its prevalence and distribution in genomes are studied intensively. However, in silico tools for R-loop prediction are limited, and therefore, we have developed the R-loop tracker tool, which was implemented as a part of the DNA Analyser web server. This new tool is focused upon (1) prediction of R-loops in genomic DNA without length and sequence limitations; (2) integration of R-loop tracker results with other tools for nucleic acids analyses, including Genome Browser; (3) internal cross-evaluation of in silico results with experimental data, where available; (4) easy export and correlation analyses with other genome features and markers; and (5) enhanced visualization outputs. Our new R-loop tracker tool is freely accessible on the web pages of DNA Analyser tools, and its implementation on the web-based server allows effective analyses not only for DNA segments but also for full chromosomes and genomes.
- MeSH
- algoritmy * MeSH
- DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- genomika metody MeSH
- internet statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nestabilita genomu * MeSH
- R-smyčka * MeSH
- software MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Little attention has been given academically to empirically tested theoretical frameworks that aim at measuring the risk of adolescents falling victim to cybergrooming. To this end, we have applied the routine activity theory (RAT) to investigate whether exposure to motivated offenders (PC/laptop ownership and Internet access in one's own bedroom), capable guardianship (parental mediation strategies of Internet use), and target suitability (adolescents' online disclosure of private information) might predict cybergrooming victimization among adolescents. Using data from a cross-sectional survey of 5,938 adolescents from Germany, India, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, and the United States, ranging in age from 12 to 18 (M = 14.77, SD = 1.60), we found that PC/laptop ownership and Internet access in one's own bedroom, parental mediation, and online disclosure are all directly associated with cybergrooming victimization. Although instructive parental mediation is negatively related to online disclosure and cybergrooming victimization, restrictive mediation is positively related to both. In addition, online disclosure partially mediated the relationship between parental mediation and cybergrooming victimization. The analyses confirm the effectiveness of applying RAT to cybergrooming. Moreover, this study highlights the need for prevention programs, including lessons on age-appropriate information and communication technology usage and access, to educate parents on using instructive strategies of Internet mediation, and inform adolescents about how to avoid disclosing too much private information online. RAT could function as a theoretical framework for these programs.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- internet statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kyberšikana psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- oběti zločinu psychologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rodičovství psychologie MeSH
- sebeodhalení MeSH
- soukromí psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indie MeSH
- Korejská republika MeSH
- Německo MeSH
- Španělsko MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
- Thajsko MeSH
Cieľ: Počítače a internet sú jednou so základných čŕt modernej spoločností a ovplyvňujú stále väčšiu časť našich životov. Keďže ide relatívne o nové a stále sa vyvíjajúce médium, jeho používanie je zatiaľ málo ohraničené normami, čo môže viesť k neistote vzhľadom na obsah a formu jeho používania. Cieľom práce bolo zistiť úroveň závislosti od internetu u detí a dospelých vo vekovom rozmedzí od 11 do 25 rokov. Materiál a metóda: Na zisťovanie miery závislosti od internetu slúžia viaceré meracie nástroje. Pre náš prieskum sme zvolili štandardizovaný dotazník na zistenie závislosti od internetu podľa Dávida Šmahela. Prieskumu sa zúčastnilo 300 respondentov zo základnej, strednej a vysokej školy. Respondenti boli vyberaní na základe dostupnosti a výhodnosti. Výsledky: Z prieskumu vyplýva, že 4,33% respondentov zažíva príležitostne alebo často problémy a následky, ktoré spôsobuje internet, a mali by sa zamyslieť nad ich dôsledkami na svoj život. Ostatní respondenti 95,67% sú len občasnými alebo priemernými online užívateľmi, schopnými surfovať po webe aj veľmi dlho, ale dokážu ovládať svoje správanie. Záver: Internet je v súčasností prirodzenou súčasťou života. Prevenciou závislosti na internete je predovšetkým na tento problém upozorňovať a korigovať čas trávený online predovšetkým u detí v procese rastu a vývoja.
Objective: Computers and the Internet are one of the basic features of modern society and they influence an ever-increasing part of our lives. Since this is relatively new and still evolving medium, its use is still only to a small extent limited by standards, which can lead to uncertainty about the content and form of its use. The aim of this paper was to determine the level of Internet addiction in children and adults aged between 11 and 25 years. Material and method: Several measuring tools are used to measure Internet dependence. For our survey, we have chosen a standardized questionnaire to find internet addiction as per David Šmahel. 300 respondents from elementary, secondary and college education participated in the survey. Respondents were selected based on availability and suitability. Results: The survey shows that 4.33% of respondents experience occasional or frequent problems and consequences from the Internet and they should reflect on the consequences for their lives. Other respondents, 95.67%, are only occasional or average online users who are able to surf the web for a very long time but can control their behaviour. Conclusion: The Internet is currently a natural part of life. Preventing internet dependence involves primarily drawing attention to this problem and correcting the time spent on-line, particularly in children in the process of growth and development.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní zdraví statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- hráčství MeSH
- internet statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- kouření epidemiologie trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- návykové chování * epidemiologie klasifikace MeSH
- pití alkoholu epidemiologie trendy MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie klasifikace MeSH
- pozorovací studie jako téma metody MeSH
- psychotropní léky MeSH
- uživatelé drog statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- videohry statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- výzkumná zpráva MeSH
- životní smysluplnost MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
Background: This study examined the associations of Internet and computer screen time with school difficulties and the role of sleep quality and soft and energy drinks consumption. Methods: We used data from the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study collected in 2014 among Slovak adolescents (aged 11.0-15.9 years, N = 7595, 48.1% boys). We examined the inter-relations between time spent with on digital devices (time spent playing digital games or Internet use), sleeping quality (sleeping shortage, sleeping difficulties), soft/energy drinks consumption and school problems (low academic achievement, disliking school, being pressured by schoolwork and truancy), using structural equation modeling. Results: Results showed that the more time adolescents spent on digital devices during leisure time, the more school problems they had. This association was mediated by a higher consumption of soft or energy drinks and a lower quality of sleeping. The direct effect of time spent on digital devices on school problems and its indirect effect via sleeping quality were relatively small (-0.26 and -0.30, respectively, standardized solution), compared with the indirect effect of time spent on digital devices via soft/energy drinks consumption as well as sleeping quality (0.65, standardized solution). Conclusions: Time spent on digital devices is associated with school problems, with sleeping and soft/energy drinks consumption playing a substantial role in this association.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- energetické nápoje statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- internet statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- spánek * MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání * MeSH
- sycené nápoje statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- videohry statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zvyky * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Evidence is lacking on the screen-based behaviour of adolescents with a chronic condition. The aim of our study was to analyse differences in screen-based behaviour of adolescents by long-term illness, asthma and learning disabilities. METHODS: We used data from the cross-sectional Health Behaviour of School-aged Children study collected in 2014 among Slovak adolescents (age 13 to 15 years old, N = 2682, 49.7 % boys). We analysed the associations between screen-based behaviour and long-term illness, asthma and learning disabilities using logistic regression models adjusted for gender. RESULTS: We found no associations between screen-based behaviour and long-term illness, except that children with asthma had a 1.60-times higher odds of excessively playing computer games than healthy children (95 % confidence interval of odds ratio (CI): 1.11-2.30). Children with learning disabilities had 1.71-times higher odds of risky use of the Internet (95 % CI: 1.19-2.45). CONCLUSION: Adolescents with a long-term illness or with a chronic condition or a learning disability do not differ from their peers in screen-based activities. Exceptions are children with asthma and children with learning disabilities, who reported more risky screen-based behaviour.
- MeSH
- bronchiální astma epidemiologie MeSH
- chronická nemoc epidemiologie MeSH
- etnicita MeSH
- internet statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- odds ratio MeSH
- počítače statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- poruchy učení epidemiologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sedavý životní styl * MeSH
- televize statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- videohry statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zdravé chování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
We examined the effect of habitual regulation of massive multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) playing on the problematic (addictive) usage and excessiveness of gaming (time that user spent playing weekly, per session, and in relation to his other leisure activities). We developed the approach to assess the strength of habitual regulation that was based on sensitivity to situational cues. We defined cues as real-life or in-game conditions (e.g., work to be done, activities with friends or family, need to relax, new game expansion) that usually promote gaming (proplay cues) or prevent it (contraplay cues). Using a sample of 377 MMORPG players, we analyzed relationships between variables through partial least squares path modeling. We found that proplay cues sensitivity significantly positively affected the excessiveness of gaming (playing time) as well as the occurrence of problematic usage symptoms. Conversely, contraplay cues sensitivity functioned as a protective factor from these conditions; significant negative effects were found for playing time and problematic usage. Playing time was confirmed to be a mediating variable, affected by cues sensitivity and at the same time affecting problematic usage symptoms. We obtained moderately strong coefficients of determination for both endogenous variables (R(2) = 0.28 for playing time; R(2) = 0.31 for problematic usage) suggesting that the proposed variables possess good explanatory power. Based on our results, we argue that the strength of habitual regulation within MMORPG usage has both positive and negative effects on excessive and problematic usage, which is a new and important finding within the area of Internet gaming addiction.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hraní rolí * MeSH
- internet statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- návykové chování diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- podněty MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- videohry statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity * MeSH
- zvyky * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Východiska: V roce 2011 byl na webových stránkách Kliniky adiktologie 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze spuštěn svépomocný program pro osoby se závislostním chováním na internetu. Cíl:Zmapovat online aplikace, na kterých vykazovali uživatelé programu závislostní chování, projevy závislostního chování, motivaci k závislostnímu chování na internetu, jeho negativní důsledky a přínosy jeho omezení či přerušení. Metody:CIAS, kvalitativní analýza dat ze svépomocného programu. Soubor tvořilo 273 osob zaregistrovaných do svépomocného programu pro osoby se závislostním chováním na internetu. Výsledky:Nejoblíbenější online aplikací se závislostním potenciálem byly aplikace umožňující online sociální komunikaci. V rámci symptomu význačnosti byly nejčastěji identifikovány myšlenky na aktuální online děn,trávení hodně času online a bažení.U dimenze změny nálady respondenti popisovali nejčastěji kategorie uvolnění/uklidnění a vzrušení/radost. Tolerance se projevovala nadměrným trávení času online, připojením kdekoliv a zakládáním nových účtů a profilů. V projevech odvykacích symptomů byly identifikovány nejčastěji kategorie: nervozita/neklid a vztek/podrážděnost. V oblasti interpersonálních konfliktů to byly kategorie konflikty s blízkými lidmi, omezení sociálního kontaktu a lhaní. Intrapersonální konflikty se projevovaly v obecném konfliktu být online a nebýt online a ve specifických konfliktech jako práce/studium x online či povinnosti x online. Udávané časové rozpětí relapsu bylo od několika předešlých dnů až po několik měsíců. Nejčastější motivy závislostního chování na internetu byly omezené sociální dovednosti a nadměrný stres. Nejčastější dopad mělo závislostního chování na internetu na oblast zaměstnání a školy. Od omezení závislostního chování na internetu si respondenti slibovali především lepší studijní a pracovní prospěch a více času na koníčky. Závěr: Jde o nelátkovou závislost, která narušuje spíše psychosociální (pracovní a sociální) než somatické fungování, což může být důvod, proč se tito klienty často nevyskytují v psychiatricko-adiktologických službách.
Background: In 2011 an online self-help program for people with Internet addiction was launched. Objectives: To identify the most used online applications, symptoms of Internet addiction according to six basic dimensions, motivation to Internet addiction, the negative consequences of such behaviour, and the benefits resulting from its reduction. Method: CIAS, qualitative analysis of data obtained from the self-help program. Participants were 273 people registered with the self-help program for people showing Internet addiction behaviour. Results:The most popular online applications with addictive potential were online social communication applications. As regards the salience symptom, thoughts about current online events, spending too much time online, and craving were the most common categories. As for the dimension of mood changes, the respondents were most likely to refer to the ease/relaxation and the excitement/pleasure categories. Tolerance is manifested by the excessive amount of time spent online, constant connection to the Internet, and setting up new accounts and profiles. As regards withdrawal symptoms, the most frequently identified categories were restlessness/agitation and anger/irritability. Concerning interpersonal conflicts, the categories of conflicts with loved ones, limitation of social contacts, and lying were identified, while intrapersonal conflicts were manifested in the general conflict of being online vs. not being online and in specific conflicts such as work/study vs. being online or obligation vs. being online. The reported time span of their relapses ranged from the previous few days to several months. The most common motives for Internet addiction were limited social skills and excessive stress. The most frequent negative consequences of Internet addiction mentioned were those pertaining to the employment and school domain. Conclusion: Internet addiction is a behavioural addiction that impairs psychosocial rather than somatic functioning. This may be the reason why these clients rarely come into contact with psychiatric addiction treatment services.
- MeSH
- abstinenční syndrom diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- internet statistika a číselné údaje využití MeSH
- interpersonální vztahy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motivace MeSH
- návykové chování diagnóza klasifikace terapie MeSH
- poruchy sociálního chování MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- svépomocné skupiny organizace a řízení využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE: Online communication tools, such as social networking sites (SNS), have been comprehensively embraced by adolescents and have become a dominant daily social practice. Recognizing SNS as a key context of adolescent development, this study aimed to investigate associations between heavier SNS use, and adolescent competencies and internalizing problems. METHODS: Data was collected in six European countries: Greece, Spain, Poland, the Netherlands, Romania, and Iceland. Participants were 10,930 adolescents aged 14-17 years (F/M: 5,719/5,211; mean age 15.8 ± .7 years); 62.3% were aged 14-15.9 years and 37.7% were aged 16-17.9 years. Participants reported on their use of online communication tools, and their general competencies and internalizing problems (Youth Self Report). RESULTS: SNS are both ubiquitous--used by 70% of adolescents--and engaging, given that 40% of users spend 2 or more hours daily on SNS (labeled heavier SNS use). Heavier SNS use was associated with more internalizing problems, and the relation was consistently more pronounced among younger adolescents. Moreover, heavier SNS use was associated with lower academic performance and lower activities scores, especially for younger adolescents. In contrast, among older adolescents heavier SNS use was positively associated with offline social competence. CONCLUSIONS: Although heavier SNS use is associated with higher social competence for older adolescents, it is also associated with increased internalizing problems and diminished competencies in academics and activities, especially for younger adolescents. Age, capturing developmental differences in social and regulatory skills, appears to moderate the effects of heavier SNS use on adolescent functioning.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- duševní zdraví * MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- internet statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- návykové chování epidemiologie etiologie psychologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- regresní analýza MeSH
- rozdělení chí kvadrát MeSH
- sociální dovednosti * MeSH
- sociální sítě * MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
