Background: Recent research has linked the spread of microribonucleic acid (miRNA) to numerous disorders, either as a stimulant or an inhibitor. One of these is miRNA-22, which research has connected to oxidative stress and thyroid issues. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study investigates the expression of miRNA-22 in hypothyroid women and its relationship to the rise in oxidative stress in the patient population.Materials and Methods: 40 women patients with Hypothyroid and 40 in this study, healthy volunteers who served as controls were included. The levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by sandwich assay, while free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were measured competitive binding immunoenzymatic assay. To assess lipid profiles, an automated analyzer was employed. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and assessed using a colorimetric technique. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of serum miRNA-22.Results: Significantly more SOD and CAT activity was identified in patient groups than in the control group (P<0.05), also the patient group's AOPP and MDA concentrations were discovered to significantly outweigh those of the control group. (P< 0.05). IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in (P<0.05) the control group. The level of miRNA-22 was higher in the sick group as compared to the control groups (P<0.05).Conclusions: The pathophysiology of oxidative stress brought on by hypothyroidism involves miRNA-22 expression, there is a reciprocal relationship between the increase in gene expression of the miRNA-22 and the increase in oxidative stress, which results in the disease's development.
- MeSH
- Biomarkers blood MeSH
- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical methods instrumentation MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Hormones blood MeSH
- Hypothyroidism * blood MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- MicroRNAs * blood MeSH
- Oxidative Stress MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis methods instrumentation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Clinical Study MeSH
X-ray structure analysis results have been widely used in the pharmaceutical research, development and control, especially for mapping polymorphism, to determine the chirality of active substances, in the pharmaceutical documentation and patent policy for many years. The greatest progress in X-ray diffraction techniques has been made in improving the quality of the poor material for successful data collection (magnetically oriented microcrystal arrays, serial snapshot crystallography). Prospects of the pharmaceutical application of X-ray crystallography lie in the acceleration of data collection, time-resolved structural studies obtained from the material of pharmaceutical batches without modification, and, in addition to that, in solving structures of semi-solid and amorphous phases and monitoring structural changes in drug formulations.
- MeSH
- X-Ray Diffraction MeSH
- Intellectual Property MeSH
- Technology, Pharmaceutical MeSH
- Crystallography, X-Ray * methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Pharmaceutical Preparations * analysis MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Stereoisomerism MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
PURPOSE: To characterize stray radiation around the target volume in scanning proton therapy and study the performance of active neutron monitors. METHODS: Working Group 9 of the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS WG9-Radiation protection in medicine) carried out a large measurement campaign at the Trento Centro di Protonterapia (Trento, Italy) in order to determine the neutron spectra near the patient using two extended-range Bonner sphere spectrometry (BSS) systems. In addition, the work focused on acknowledging the performance of different commercial active dosimetry systems when measuring neutron ambient dose equivalents, H(∗)(10), at several positions inside (8 positions) and outside (3 positions) the treatment room. Detectors included three TEPCs--tissue equivalent proportional counters (Hawk type from Far West Technology, Inc.) and six rem-counters (WENDI-II, LB 6411, RadEye™ NL, a regular and an extended-range NM2B). Meanwhile, the photon component of stray radiation was deduced from the low-lineal energy transfer part of TEPC spectra or measured using a Thermo Scientific™ FH-40G survey meter. Experiments involved a water tank phantom (60 × 30 × 30 cm(3)) representing the patient that was uniformly irradiated using a 3 mm spot diameter proton pencil beam with 10 cm modulation width, 19.95 cm distal beam range, and 10 × 10 cm(2) field size. RESULTS: Neutron spectrometry around the target volume showed two main components at the thermal and fast energy ranges. The study also revealed the large dependence of the energy distribution of neutrons, and consequently of out-of-field doses, on the primary beam direction (directional emission of intranuclear cascade neutrons) and energy (spectral composition of secondary neutrons). In addition, neutron mapping within the facility was conducted and showed the highest H(∗)(10) value of ∼ 51 μSv Gy(-1); this was measured at 1.15 m along the beam axis. H(∗)(10) values significantly decreased with distance and angular position with respect to beam axis falling below 2 nSv Gy(-1) at the entrance of the maze, at the door outside the room and below detection limit in the gantry control room, and at an adjacent room (<0.1 nSv Gy(-1)). Finally, the agreement on H(∗)(10) values between all detectors showed a direct dependence on neutron spectra at the measurement position. While conventional rem-counters (LB 6411, RadEye™ NL, NM2-458) underestimated the H(∗)(10) by up to a factor of 4, Hawk TEPCs and the WENDI-II range-extended detector were found to have good performance (within 20%) even at the highest neutron fluence and energy range. Meanwhile, secondary photon dose equivalents were found to be up to five times lower than neutrons; remaining nonetheless of concern to the patient. CONCLUSIONS: Extended-range BSS, TEPCs, and the WENDI-II enable accurate measurements of stray neutrons while other rem-counters are not appropriate considering the high-energy range of neutrons involved in proton therapy.
- MeSH
- Radiation Dosage MeSH
- Phantoms, Imaging MeSH
- Photons MeSH
- Neutrons MeSH
- Proton Therapy instrumentation methods MeSH
- Protons MeSH
- Radiometry instrumentation methods MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis instrumentation methods MeSH
- Water MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
V článku je dán přehled vývojových prací a výroby přístrojů , používaných na pracovištích nukleární medicíny v letech cca 1951- 1990. Z počátku se práce zabývaly metodami in vitro a Výzkumný ústav pro jadernou techniku (VÚPJT) zajišťoval široký sortiment přístrojů pro měření aktivity jednotlivých vzorků. Postupné zavádění metod in vivo vyžadovalo nové typy přístrojů převážně z dovozu. V závěru článku je dán chronologický přehled jednoúčelových a firemně vyráběných přístrojů v Československu, prvních dovezených přístrojů ze zahraničí a dále přehled nových metod ve světě, které byly významné pro využití v NM. Článek je zpracován na základě skutečností uvedených v literárních odkazech a zejména podkladů, které mám jako bývalá dlouholetá pracovnice VÚPJT.
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- MeSH
- History, 20th Century * MeSH
- History of Medicine MeSH
- Gamma Cameras history utilization MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques * utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nuclear Medicine * history instrumentation MeSH
- Computers history utilization MeSH
- Computer Systems history utilization MeSH
- Positron-Emission Tomography history instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Radiation Protection history instrumentation MeSH
- Radiopharmaceuticals history MeSH
- Radionuclide Imaging history instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Radiometry history instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis history instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- History, 20th Century * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Czechoslovakia MeSH
Combination of viscometry and CD spectrometry made it possible to suggest the existence of a new conformational state of cytochrome c at high temperatures and ionic strengths. The molten globule state of cytochrome c was found at acidic pH in the presence of high concentrations of a salt at 20 °C. A low-cooperative conformational change of the cytochrome c to the unfolded state was observed with increasing temperature. Viscometry is a suitable tool for studies of similar processes in biomacromolecules.
- MeSH
- Dye Dilution Technique utilization MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Indocyanine Green diagnostic use MeSH
- Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena MeSH
- Cardiac Output physiology MeSH
- Reference Values MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis methods instrumentation MeSH
- Heart Rate MeSH
- Thermodilution methods MeSH
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy and surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy are analytical tools suitable for the detection of small amounts of various analytes adsorbed on metal surfaces. During recent years, these two spectroscopic methods have become increasingly important in the investigation of adsorption of biomolecules and pharmaceuticals on nanostructured metal surfaces. In this work, the adsorption of B-group vitamins pyridoxine, nicotinic acid, folic acid and riboflavin at electrochemically prepared gold and silver substrates was investigated using Fourier transform SERS spectroscopy at an excitation wavelength of 1,064 nm. Gold and silver substrates were prepared by cathodic reduction on massive platinum targets. In the case of gold substrates, oxidation-reduction cycles were applied to increase the enhancement factor of the gold surface. The SERS spectra of riboflavin, nicotinic acid, folic acid and pyridoxine adsorbed on silver substrates differ significantly from SERS spectra of these B-group vitamins adsorbed on gold substrates. The analysis of near-infrared-excited SERS spectra reveals that each of B-group vitamin investigated interacts with the gold surface via a different mechanism of adsorption to that with the silver surface. In the case of riboflavin adsorbed on silver substrate, the interpretation of surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectra was also helpful in investigation of the adsorption mechanism.
Silicon energy deposition spectrometer Liulin was primarily developed for cosmic radiation monitoring onboard spacecrafts. Nowadays, Liulin type detectors are also used to characterise radiation field on board aircraft, at alpine observatories and behind the shielding of heavy ion accelerators. In this work, experiments and calibrations performed in these radiation fields are presented and the method developed for calculation of ambient dose equivalent H*(10) on board aircraft is described. Since 2001, a simple method employing the energy deposition spectra had been used to determine H*(10) on board aircraft but, in 2004, it became clear that the resulting values were strongly biased at locations close to Earth's equator. An improved method for the determination of H*(10) on board aircraft using the Liulin detector was developed. It took into account the composition of the radiation field via the ratio of absorbed doses D(low) and D(neut) reflecting the contributions from low-LET particles and neutrons, respectively. It resulted in much better agreement with the EPCARD computer code for all aircraft locations; relative differences were within 11 % for low-LET and 20 % for neutron components of H*(10).
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- Particle Accelerators MeSH
- Radiation Dosage MeSH
- Calibration MeSH
- Spacecraft MeSH
- Cosmic Radiation MeSH
- Silicon chemistry MeSH
- Aircraft MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Radiation Monitoring instrumentation methods MeSH
- Neutrons MeSH
- Silicon Dioxide chemistry MeSH
- Radiation Protection instrumentation methods MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis instrumentation methods MeSH
- Models, Statistical MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Keywords
- variabilita srdeční frekvence, spolehlivost, parametry spektrální analýzy variability srdeční frekvence, komplexní indexy,
- MeSH
- Evaluation Studies as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis * methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Heart Rate * physiology MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Students MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
Five various materials employed as track-etched detectors (TEDs) were exposed in beams of carbon ions with energy 290 MeV. u(-1) in the HIMAC-BIO facility in Japan. The exposures were performed behind various types of polymethyl methacrylate shielding. The beam had two possible set-ups--monoenergetic set-up and modulated spread-out Bragg peak set-up. All used TEDs are polyallyl diglycol carbonates (PADCs): Page from Mouldings (Pershore) Ltd, Tastrak from Track Analysis Systems Ltd, both from the UK; USF4 from American Technical Plastics from the USA and two products of Japan Fukuvi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd--TD1 and Baryotrak. Spectra of linear energy transfer and depth-dose distributions were obtained. Besides, differences among PADCs are discussed.
