OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess country-specific evidence of physical and non-physical acts of workplace violence towards nurses working in the health sector in 5 European countries, and then to identify reasons for not reporting violence experienced at work. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 participating countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, and Spain). All registered nurses working in selected healthcare settings for at least 1 year were invited to participate in the study. A questionnaire adapted from the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study - Questionnaire, developed jointly by the International Labour Office, the International Council of Nurses, the World Health Organization and Public Services International, was used. The selection of healthcare settings and the distribution of the questionnaire were conducted according to the recommendations of the questionnaire authors. RESULTS: In total, 1089 nurses submitted completed questionnaires which could be included in the study. Of these, 54% stated that they had been exposed to non-physical violence and 20% had been exposed to physical violent acts. A total of 15% of the surveyed nurses experienced both forms of workplace violence. In addition, 18% of the respondents confirmed having witnessed physical violence in their workplace. The most common perpetrators were patients and patients' relatives. In about 70% of these cases, no actions were taken after the act of violence to investigate its causes. About half of the study group did not report workplace violence as they believed it was useless or not important. The most common consequences of workplace violence included being "superalert" or watchful and on guard. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses internationally are both victims of and witnesses to workplace violence. Workplace violence is often seen by nurses as an occupational hazard and, as such, it remains not reported. The first step in preventing workplace violence is not only to acknowledge its existence but also to ensure the appropriate reporting of violent acts. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(3):325-38.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- násilí na pracovišti psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- řízení rizik statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zdravotní sestry psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Prehospital and emergency medical services (EMS) providers are usually the first to respond to an individual's urgent health needs, sometimes in emotionally charged circumstances. Because violence toward EMS providers in the Czech Republic is often overlooked and under-reported, we do not have a complete understanding of the extent of such violence, nor do we have recommendations from EMS professional organizations on how to resolve this problem in prehospital emergency medicine. METHODS: We conducted this study to explore the process of violence against EMS providers, using the Strauss/Corbin systematic approach of grounded theory to create a paradigm model. The participants in this research included personnel who had at least two years experience in the EMS systems of the city of Prague and the Central Bohemian Region, and who had been victims of violence. Our sample included 10 registered paramedics and 10 emergency medical technicians ages 23-33 (mean ± standard deviation: 27.7). The impact of communication during EMS delivery, in the context of violence from patients or their relatives, emerged as the core category and the main focus of our study. The five main groups of the paradigm model of violence against EMS personnel included causal, contextual and intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. RESULTS: Of the 20 study participants, 18 reported experiencing an attack during the night shift. Ten participants experienced violence on the street, and 10 inside an ambulance. The perpetrators in all 18 cases were men. The behavior of EMS personnel plays a crucial role in how violent confrontations play out: nonprofessional behavior with drunken or addict patients increases the possibility of violence in 70% of cases. CONCLUSION: We found that paramedics and EMTs were exposed to verbal abuse and physical violence. However, in 10 of the violent encounters reported by our 20 participants, the attack was perpetrated by otherwise-ordinary people (ie, individuals with strong family support and good jobs) who found themselves in a very stressful situation. Thanks to grounded theory we learned that for all 20 participants there was a potential opportunity to prevent the conflict.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- násilí na pracovišti * prevence a kontrola psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- nesouhlas a spor MeSH
- pomocný zdravotnický personál * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- profesionalita MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- urgentní lékařství MeSH
- urgentní zdravotnické služby statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cieľ: Zistiť frekvenciu výskytu foriem agresie hospitalizovaných pacientov voči sestrám na psychiatrických oddeleniach; identifikovať ich postoj k agresii pacientov, k faktorom podmieňujúcim jej vznik a k manažmentu agresie. Zistiť rozdiely medzi sestrami vo vzťahu k vzdelávacej aktivite zameranej na problematiku agresie pacientov. Design: Kvantitatívnoprierezová štúdia. Metodika: Výber respondentov bol zámerný. Súbor tvorilo 223 sestier s priemernou dĺžkou praxe 21,27 (± 11,41) rokov. Zber údajov bol realizovaný sebaposudzovacími škálami Výskyt Agresie Pacientov voči Sestrám (VAPS), Attitude Towards Aggression Scale (ATAS), The Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale-Likert (MAVAS-L). Výsledky: 98,58 % sestier malo v poslednom roku skúsenosť s agresiou pacientov. V súbore prevládal negatívny postoj k agresii pacientov. Najväčší súhlas sestry vyjadrili s internými faktormi podmieňujúcimi vznik agresie pacientov. Z metód manažmentu agresie vyjadrili najväčší súhlas s použitím medikamentóznej liečby a obmedzovacích prostriedkov. Neutrálny postoj zaujali k používaniu netelesných prostriedkov. Vek sestier mal vplyv na súhlas s názorom o význame interných faktorov podmieňujúcich agresiu pacientov a s používaním medikamentóznej liečby i obmedzovacích prostriedkov. Záver: Vysoké percento sestier má osobnú skúsenosť s rôznymi formami agresie. Prevládal negatívny postoj k agresii zdôrazňujúci vplyv interných faktorov. Postoj sestier k agresii pacientov má vplyv na výber stratégií manažmentu agresie.
Aim: To determine the incidence rate of forms of inpatient aggression towards nurses who working on psychiatric wards; to identify their attitude to patient aggression, to the factors that condition the occurrence and management of aggression. To determine the differences between nurses in relation to educational training aimed at the issue of patient aggression. Design: Quantitative cross-sectional study. Methods: Selection of respondents was deliberate. The sample comprised 223 nurses with an average of 21.27 (± 11.41) years of clinical practice. Data collection was implemented by means of the self-assessment scales: Violence and Aggression of Patients Scale (VAPS), Attitude Towards Aggression Scale (ATAS), The Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale-Likert (MAVAS-L). Results: 98.58% experienced inpatient aggression in the course of the previous year. Negative attitudes to patient aggression predominated in the sample. Nurses expressed strongest agreement with the idea that internal factors foster patient aggression. Regarding methods of aggression management, nurses expressed strongest agreement with the use of medical therapy and restraints. They held a neutral attitude towards the use of non-physical methods. The age of nurses had an effect on how strongly they agreed with the importance of internal factors in prompting patient aggression and with the use of medical therapy and restraints. Conclusion: A high percentage of nurses have had personal experience of various forms of patient aggression. Negative attitudes to aggression predominated in our sample of nurses, emphasizing the influence of internal factors. The attitude of nurses towards patient aggression influences the selection of aggression management strategies.
- MeSH
- agrese * MeSH
- hospitalizovaní pacienti psychologie MeSH
- klinické kompetence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- násilí na pracovišti * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- ošetřovatelství v psychiatrii * MeSH
- postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychiatrické oddělení nemocnice MeSH
- vztahy mezi ošetřovatelkou a pacientem MeSH
- zdravotní sestry MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Aim: The aim of this observational cross-sectional study was to determine the differences in attitudes of nurses toward patient aggression according to the type of workplace. Predictors of attitudes of nurses was also surveyed. Methods: A survey was undertaken among 61 nurses from internal and surgical wards and 56 nurses from psychiatric wards. In this survey, three questionnaires were used to measure attitude toward aggression; experience in the prevalence of aggression and factors contributing to aggression of patients. For determining the associations between variables and predictors of attitudes, the multiple regression analyses were used. Results: Nurses from psychiatric wards reported being more frequently confronted with all types of patient aggression. They also reported more significant influence of patient variables contributed to the incidence of violence within the psychiatric sector. Nurses from all types of wards perceived patient aggression as being destructive or offensive and not serving a protective or communicative function aggression. Perceptions of frequency of patient aggression were not confirmed as the significant predictors of nurses' attitudes in psychiatric sector. Physical violence (behaviour that will harm or cause injury) and sexual assault or rape were identified as the significant predictors of nurses' attitudes worked in internal and surgical departments. Conclusion: The study confirmed differences in predictors of attitudes of nurses toward patient aggression according to the type of workplace.
- Klíčová slova
- interní oddělení nemocnice,
- MeSH
- agrese * psychologie MeSH
- chirurgické oddělení nemocnice MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lineární modely MeSH
- násilí na pracovišti psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- ošetřovatelství v psychiatrii MeSH
- personál sesterský nemocniční * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- postoj zdravotnického personálu * MeSH
- průřezové studie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychiatrické oddělení nemocnice MeSH
- regresní analýza MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- vztahy mezi ošetřovatelkou a pacientem * MeSH
- zdravotní sestry v klinické praxi psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Dle Wilkinsona a Marmota typ práce a pracovní podmínky významně ovlivňují zdraví. Dobré pracovní příležitosti umožňují imigrantům integraci do společnosti. Cílem výzkumného šetření provedeného v rámci projektu COST (Cooperation on Scientific and Technical Research, reg. č. OC 10031 s názvem „Zdravotně sociální situace imigrantů a azylantů“) bylo zmapovat pracovní podmínky cílové skupiny vietnamských, mongolských a ukrajinských imigrantů (n = 236) a porovnat jejich pracovní podmínky s pracovním prostředím české populace. Dalším cílem studie bylo vyhodnotit vliv pracovního prostředí na zdraví imigrantů. Výsledky týkající se majoritní populace byly čerpány ze studie Evropského výběrového šetření o zdraví v České republice EHIS 2008. Tato studie byla publikována Ústavem zdravotnických informací a statistiky České republiky (ÚZIS) v roce 2011. Dotazníkové šetření probíhalo v roce 2011. Z výsledku šetření je patrné, že cílová skupina imigrantů je vystavena nepříznivým pracovním okolnostem více než česká populace. Nejvyšší rozdíly byly zaznamenány v dimenzi „sexuální obtěžování nebo jiný psychologický nátlak“ a „diskriminace“. S vyšším výskytem nepříznivých pracovních okolností statisticky významně rostl počet nemocí způsobených výkonem zaměstnání. Imigranti byli vystaveni řadě nepříznivých pracovních okolností, které zvyšují riziko pracovních úrazů. Přestože česká legislativa stanovuje zaměstnavateli povinnost zajistit každému zaměstnanci při nástupu do zaměstnání školení o pravidlech bezpečnosti práce, výsledky studie poukazují na nedostatečné proškolení imigrantů v oblasti ochrany zdraví.
According to Wilkinson and Marmot, the type of work and working conditions significantly affect health. Good working opportunities enable immigrants to integrate themselves into society. The goal of the research investigation carried out within the project COST (Cooperation on Scientific and Technical Research, Reg. No. 10031, entitled “Health and Social Situation of Immigrants and Asylum Seekers”) was to map the working conditions of the target group of Vietnamese, Mongolian and Ukrainian immigrants (n = 236) and compare their working conditions with the working environment of the Czech population. Another goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of working environment on the health of immigrants. The results, involving the majority of the population, were drawn from a study of the European Survey on Health in the Czech Republic EHIS 2008 (European Health Interview Survey). The study was published by the Institution of Health Studies and Statistics of the Czech Republic (ÚZIS) in 2011. The questionnaire styled survey was conducted in 2011. From the results, it is evident that the target group of immigrants is exposed to unfavourable working circumstances more than the Czech population. The biggest differences were observed in the sphere of “sexual harassment or other psychological pressure” and “discrimination”. A higher incidence of unfavourable working circumstances significantly increased the number of illnesses caused by the employment. Immigrants were exposed to a number of unfavourable working conditions that increased the risk of work-related injuries. Although the Czech legislation requires employers to provide each employee the training on safety rules when starting a job, the study results point to insufficient training of immigrants in the sphere of health protection.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emigranti a imigranti * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- etnicita psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- hygiena práce klasifikace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- násilí na pracovišti psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pracoviště psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pracovní expozice * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pracovní nehody psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pracovní zátěž * psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
