BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with bidirectional changes in resting-state centrality measures. However, practicable functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) biomarkers of CI are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the graph-theory-based degree rank order disruption index (kD) and its association with cognitive processing speed as a marker of CI in patients with MS (PwMS) in a secondary cross-sectional fMRI analysis. METHODS: Differentiation between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs) using kD and its correlation with CI (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) was compared to established imaging biomarkers (regional degree, volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging, lesion mapping). Additional associations were assessed for fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions), gait and global disability. RESULTS: Analysis in 56 PwMS and 58 HCs (35/27 women, median age 45.1/40.5 years) showed lower kD in PwMS than in HCs (median -0.30/-0.06, interquartile range 0.55/0.54; p = 0.009, Mann-Whitney U test), yielding acceptable yet non-superior differentiation (area under curve 0.64). kD and degree in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) correlated with CI (kD/MPFC Spearman's ρ = 0.32/-0.45, p = 0.019/0.001, n = 55). kD also explained fatigue (ρ = -0.34, p = 0.010, n = 56) but neither gait nor disability. CONCLUSIONS: kD is a potential biomarker of CI and fatigue warranting further validation.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce etiologie   patofyziologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• rychlost zpracování MeSH
• únava * patofyziologie   etiologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a well-recognized symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) that can manifest early in the disease course. Deficits in cognitive function can have a major impact on daily life. However, cognitive decline is often under-examined in clinical trials and clinical practice due to lack of adequate data. The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal effect of ocrelizumab vs interferon beta (IFNβ)-1a on cognitive impairment in 2 phase 3 studies in relapsing MS (RMS). METHODS: The pooled population of participants with RMS (n = 1656) from the OPERA I/II clinical trials received subcutaneous IFNβ-1a (44 μg; n = 829) 3 times weekly or intravenous ocrelizumab (600 mg; n = 827) every 24 weeks. Cognition was assessed with a Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), administered in written or oral form according to each site investigator's choice, that primarily measured cognitive processing speed at baseline and every 12 weeks until the end of the double-blind treatment (96 weeks). Treatment effects were investigated based on longitudinal linear models for the change from baseline in SDMT and Cox regression for the time to 12- or 24-week confirmed decline of ≥4 points. RESULTS: Among the participants with an SDMT assessment at baseline and ≥1 postbaseline time point (IFNβ-1a, n = 749; ocrelizumab, n = 766), ocrelizumab treatment was associated with a greater mean SDMT improvement over 96 weeks than IFNβ-1a treatment (5.4 [95 % CI, 4.4-6.5] vs 4.0 [95 % CI, 3.0-5.1]; adjusted mean difference, 1.4 [95 % CI, 0.05-2.72]; P = 0.042). The risk of a clinically meaningful SDMT decline (≥4 points) was lower for those treated with ocrelizumab for both ≥12 weeks (IFNβ-1a, 18.4 %; ocrelizumab, 12.7 %; hazard ratio, 0.63 [95 % CI, 0.47-0.85]; P = 0.003) and ≥24 weeks (IFNβ-1a, 12.9 %; ocrelizumab, 7.9 %; HR, 0.57 [95 % CI, 0.39-0.82]; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Ocrelizumab treatment resulted in better cognitive outcomes as measured by SDMT in participants with RMS compared with IFNβ-1a treatment. However, methodological limitations need to be considered when interpreting these data. CLINICALTRIALS: gov: NCT01247324, NCT01412333.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• imunologické faktory * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• interferon beta 1a * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce etiologie   farmakoterapie   chemicky indukované   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Cieľom výskumu bolo analyzovať heterogenitu kognitívneho deficitu u ľudí závislých od alkoholu a identifikovať empirické typy, ktoré sa líšia v miere oslabenia kognitívnych funkcií v doménach pamäť, pozornosť, jazyk a reč, exekutívne funkcie a psychomotorické tempo. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 53 pacientov v procese liečby závislosti od alkoholu hospitalizovaných v Odbornom liečebnom ústave psychiatrickom n.o. na Prednej Hore vo veku od 19 do 55 rokov. Na posúdenie kognitívnych výkonov boli použité Test verbálnej fluencie, Pamäťový test učenia slov, Test kódovania symbolov, Test opakovania čísel odpredu a odzadu, Test cesty a Batéria frontálnych funkcií. Pomocou klastrovej analýzy sme identifikovali nasledujúce 4 typy participantov: 1. participanti so zachovanými kognitívnymi funkciami a s kognitívnou rezervou, 2. participanti bez kognitívneho deficitu, 3. participanti s miernym oslabením exekutívnych funkcií, 4. participanti s globálnym kognitívnym deficitom. Z hľadiska vecnej významnosti boli medzi skupinami zistené nezanedbateľné rozdiely z hľadiska veku, vzdelania a dĺžky excesívneho pitia. Výsledky výskumu poukazujú na heterogenitu kognitívneho deficitu u ľudí závislých od alkoholu a možnosť identifikácie viacerých podskupín, ktoré sa z kvantitatívneho aj kvalitatívneho hľadiska líšia v miere oslabenia kognitívnych funkcií.

The aim of the research was to analyze the heterogeneity of cognitive deficit in people with alcohol use disorders and to identify empirical types that differ in the degree of cognitive impairment across the domains of memory, attention, language and speech, executive function, and psychomotor speed. The study involved 53 patients in the process of treatment of alcohol use disorders hospitalized in the Specialized Psychiatric Institute in Predná Hora aged 19 to 55 years. Word Fluency Test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Symbol Encoding Test, Forward and Backward Digit Span Test, Trail Making Test and Frontal Assessment Battery were used to quantify cognitive performance. Using cluster analysis, we identified the following 4 types of participants: 1. participants with preserved cognitive functions and cognitive reserve, 2. participants without cognitive deficit, 3. participants with an incipient mild impairment of executive functioning, 4. participants with a global cognitive deficit. In terms of substantive significance, significant differences were found between the groups in terms of age, education and duration of excessive drinking. The results of this study shed light on the heterogeneity of cognitive deficits in people with alcohol use disorders, and the possibility of identifying several subgroups that differ quantitatively and qualitatively in their degree of cognitive impairment

• MeSH
• alkoholismus psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• empirický výzkum MeSH
• hospitalizovaní pacienti * klasifikace   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• poruchy způsobené alkoholem * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH

Aging populations face significant cognitive challenges, particularly in working memory (WM). Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) offer promising avenues for cognitive enhancement, especially when inspired by brain physiology. This study (NCT04986787) explores the effect of multifocal tACS on WM performance in healthy older adults, focusing on fronto-parietal network modulation. Individualized physiology-inspired tACS applied to the fronto-parietal network was investigated in two blinded cross-over experiments. The first experiment involved monofocal/bifocal theta-tACS to the fronto-parietal network, while in the second experiment cross-frequency theta-gamma interactions between these regions were explored. Participants have done online WM tasks under the stimulation conditions. Network connectivity was assessed via rs-fMRI and multichannel electroencephalography. Prefrontal monofocal theta tACS modestly improved WM accuracy over sham (d = 0.30). Fronto-parietal stimulation enhanced WM task processing speed, with the strongest effects for bifocal in-phase theta tACS (d = 0.41). Cross-frequency stimulations modestly boosted processing speed with or without impairing task accuracy depending on the stimulation protocol. This research adds to the understanding of physiology-inspired brain stimulation for cognitive enhancement in older subjects.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To date, very few studies have focused on structural changes and their association with cognitive performance in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD). Moreover, the results of these studies are inconclusive. This study aims to evaluate differences in the associations between brain morphology and cognitive tests in iRBD and healthy controls. METHODS: Sixty-three patients with iRBD and thirty-six controls underwent MRI with a 3 T scanner. The cognitive performance was assessed by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Based on performance, the iRBD group was divided into two subgroups with (iRBD-MCI) and without mild cognitive impairment (iRBD-NC). The high-resolution T1-weighted images were analysed using an automated atlas segmentation tool, voxel-based (VBM) and deformation-based (DBM) morphometry to identify between-group differences and correlations with cognitive performance. RESULTS: VBM, DBM and the comparison of ROI volumes yielded no significant differences between iRBD and controls. In the iRBD group, significant correlations in VBM were found between several cortical and subcortical structures primarily located in the temporal, parietal, occipital lobe, cerebellum, and basal ganglia and three cognitive tests assessing psychomotor speed and one memory test. Between-group analysis of cognition revealed a significant difference between iRBD-MCI and iRBD-NC in tests including a processing speed component. CONCLUSIONS: iRBD shows deficits in several cognitive tests that correlate with morphological changes, the most prominent of which is in psychomotor speed and visual attention as measured by the TMT-A and associated with the volume of striatum, insula, cerebellum, temporal lobe, pallidum and amygdala.

• MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozeček MeSH
• porucha chování v REM spánku * diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   MeSH
• spánkový lalok MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Although there is evidence that shows worse cognitive functioning in male patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the role of brain pathology in this context is under-investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate sex differences in cognitive performance of MS patients, in the context of brain pathology and disease burden. METHODS: Brain MRI, neurological examination, neuropsychological assessment (Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS-BICAMS, and Paced Auditory Verbal Learning Test-PASAT), and patient-reported outcome questionnaires were performed/administered in 1052 MS patients. RESULTS: Females had higher raw scores in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (57.0 vs. 54.0; p < 0.001) and Categorical Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) (63.0 vs. 57.0; p < 0.001), but paradoxically, females evaluated their cognitive performance by MS Neuropsychological Questionnaire as being worse (16.6 vs 14.5, p = 0.004). Females had a trend for a weaker negative correlation between T2 lesion volume and SDMT ([Formula: see text] = - 0.37 in females vs. - 0.46 in men; interaction p = 0.038). On the other hand, women had a trend for a stronger correlation between Brain Parenchymal Fraction (BPF) and a visual memory test (Spearman's [Formula: see text] = 0.31 vs. 0.21; interaction p = 0.016). All these trends were not significant after correction for false discovery rate. CONCLUSIONS: Although, females consider their cognition as worse, males had at a group level slightly worse verbal memory and information processing speed. However, the sex differences in cognitive performance were smaller than the variability of scores within the same sex group. Brain MRI measures did not explain the sex differences in cognitive performance among MS patients.

• MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy * diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Elektrokonvulzívna terapia (ECT) má v psychiatrii svoje stále miesto a nezastupiteľnú úlohu v liečbe závažných psychických porúch. Výskyt vážnejších nežiaducich účinkov je zriedkavý, mortalita ECT je nižšia, v porovnaní s inými lekárskymi zákrokmi realizovanými v celkovej anestéze. V súvislosti s ECT sa popisujú rôzne poruchy kognitívnych funkcií, ktoré predstavujú riziko z hľadiska negatívneho vplyvu na kvalitu života pacienta. Obavy z ich výskytu a údajnej vysokej závažnosti dlhodobo pretrvávajú v laickej verejnosti. Jedná sa o tzv. nesystematický prehľad. Literárne zdroje boli čerpané najmä z databázy PubMed (metaanalýzy, systematické prehľadové práce a klinické štúdie, publikované na danú tématiku v priebehu posledných 10 rokov). Podľa nedávnej a pomerne rozsiahlej metaanalýzy bol výskyt subjektívnych kognitívnych nežiaducich účinkov u pacientov po ECT zaznamenaný v 48 % prípadov. Podľa aktuálne dostupných údajov sú však väčšinou prechodné, krátkodobé a týkajú sa len určitých kognitívnych domén (rýchlosť spracovania informácií, exekutívne funkcie, pozornosť, pracovná a verbálna pamäť, autobiografická pamäť). Napriek tomu porucha autobiografickej pamäti môže pretrvávať v niektorých prípadoch aj viac ako 1 rok s parciálnou ireverzibilitou. Na výskyt kognitívnych nežiaducich účinkov má vplyv viacero modifikovateľných faktorov, ktoré je potrebné poznať a rešpektovať. Podstatným z nich je individualizácia množstva aplikovaného elektrického náboja počas ECT prostredníctvom jeho postupnej titrácie, za účelom nájdenia individuálneho záchvatového prahu. Jednoznačne by mali byť uprednostňované ultrakrátke impulzy (0,3ms) pred dlhšími. Ak to klinický stav umožní, je vhodné použiť unilaterálne umiestnenie elektród (nad nedominantnou hemisférou). Neodporúča sa podávanie viac ako 12 aplikácií v jednej sérii v akútnej fáze liečby (pri bitemporálnom umiestnení elektród). Individuálne faktory pacienta, ku ktorým sa radia vyšší vek, ženské pohlavie, prítomnosť organického poškodenia mozgu a nižší intelekt, predstavujú vyššie riziko rozvoja kognitívnych nežiaducich účinkov po ECT, rovnako aj súbežná liečba lítiom počas ECT. Súčasné národné a medzinárodné odporúčania ponúkajú rôzne psychometrické inštrumenty na monitorovanie kognitívnych nežiaducich účinkov ECT. V niektorých krajinách, napríklad v nemecky hovoriacich regiónoch, ale ani na Slovensku, konkrétne odporúčania neboli vypracované. V dnešnej dobe existujú batérie testov hodnotiace relevantné kognitívne domény, ktoré je možné pri ECT použiť v klinickej praxi, pretože nie sú časovo ani odborne náročné na administráciu. Jedná sa napr. o ECCA test (ElectroConvulsive therapy Cognitive Assessment), prípadne o batériu B4ECT-ReCoDe (Battery for ECT Related Cognitive Deficits). Komplikáciou ich využitia v podmienkach Slovenskej i Českej republiky je, že tam nie sú štandardizované. Alternatívou je použitie jednotlivých testov na spomenuté domény. Významné je najmä hodnotenie dĺžky dezorientácie pacienta po ECT zákrokoch, vyhodnocovanie autobiografickej pamäti, schopnosti verbálneho učenia, exekutívnych funkcií a rýchlosti spracovania informácií a pozornosti, resp. pracovnej pamäti. Hodnotenie výskytu a závažnosti kognitívnych nežiaducich účinkov u pacientov podstupujúcich ECT je v praxi potrebné, zníži riziko rozvoja ich závažnejšieho stupňa, prispeje k optimalizácii liečby, ako aj k zlepšeniu spolupráce pacientov pri tejto terapii.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has a solid place in psychiatry and an irreplaceable role in the treatment of serious mental disorders. The occurrence of serious side effects is rare, the mortality rate of ECT is lower, compared to other medical interventions performed under general anesthesia. In connection with ECT, various disorders of cognitive functions are described, which pose a risk in terms of a negative impact on the patient ́s quality of life. Concerns about their occurrence and alleged high severity persist for a long time in the public. This is the so-called unsystematic review. Literary sources were mainly drawn from the PubMed database (meta-analyses, systematic review works and clinical studies published on the given topic during the last 10 years). According to a recent and fairly extensive meta-analysis, the occurrence of subjective cognitive side effects in patients after ECT was recorded in 48% of cases. However, according to the currently available data, they are mostly transitory, short-term and affect only certain cognitive domains (information processing speed, executive functions, attention, working and verbal memory, autobiographical memory). Nevertheless, the autobiographical memory disorder can persist in some cases for more than 1 year with partial irreversibility. The occurrence of cognitive side effects is influenced by several modifiable factors that need to be known and respected. An essential one is the individualization of the amount of applied electric charge during ECT through its gradual titration, in order to find the individual seizure threshold. Ultrabrief pulses (0.3ms) should clearly be preferred over longer ones. If the clinical condition allows it, it is advisable to use unilateral electrode placement (over the non-dominant hemisphere). It is not recommended to administer more than 12 applications in one series in the acute phase of treatment (with bitemporal placement of electrodes). Individual patient factors such as older age, female gender, presence of organic brain damage, and lower intellect pose a higher risk of developing cognitive adverse effects after ECT. So does concurrent lithium treatment during ECT. Current national and international guidelines offer various psychometric instruments to monitor the cognitive side effects of ECT. In some countries, for example in German-speaking regions, but also in Slovakia, specific recommendations have not been developed. Nowadays, there are batteries of tests evaluating relevant cognitive domains that can be used in clinical practice during ECT, because they are neither time nor expertly hard to administer. It is, for example, the ECCA test (ElectroConvulsive therapy Cognitive Assessment), or the B4ECT-ReCoDe battery (Battery for ECT Related Cognitive Deficits). The complication of their use in the conditions of Slovakia and the Czech Republic is that they are not standardized there. An alternative is to use individual tests for the mentioned domains. It is particularly important to assess the length of the patient ́s disorientation after ECT procedures, the evaluation of autobiographical memory, verbal learning ability, executive functions and information processing speed and attention, or working memory. Assessment of the occurrence and severity of cognitive side effects in patients undergoing ECT is necessary in practice, it will reduce the risk of developing their more severe degree, contribute to the optimization of treatment, as well as to the improvement of patient cooperation in this therapy.

• MeSH
• elektrická stimulace metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• elektrokonvulzívní terapie * metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• epizodická paměť MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy * etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Given the key roles of the cerebellum in motor, cognitive, and affective operations and given the decline of brain functions with aging, cerebellar circuitry is attracting the attention of the scientific community. The cerebellum plays a key role in timing aspects of both motor and cognitive operations, including for complex tasks such as spatial navigation. Anatomically, the cerebellum is connected with the basal ganglia via disynaptic loops, and it receives inputs from nearly every region in the cerebral cortex. The current leading hypothesis is that the cerebellum builds internal models and facilitates automatic behaviors through multiple interactions with the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and spinal cord. The cerebellum undergoes structural and functional changes with aging, being involved in mobility frailty and related cognitive impairment as observed in the physio-cognitive decline syndrome (PCDS) affecting older, functionally-preserved adults who show slowness and/or weakness. Reductions in cerebellar volume accompany aging and are at least correlated with cognitive decline. There is a strongly negative correlation between cerebellar volume and age in cross-sectional studies, often mirrored by a reduced performance in motor tasks. Still, predictive motor timing scores remain stable over various age groups despite marked cerebellar atrophy. The cerebello-frontal network could play a significant role in processing speed and impaired cerebellar function due to aging might be compensated by increasing frontal activity to optimize processing speed in the elderly. For cognitive operations, decreased functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) is correlated with lower performances. Neuroimaging studies highlight that the cerebellum might be involved in the cognitive decline occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD), independently of contributions of the cerebral cortex. Grey matter volume loss in AD is distinct from that seen in normal aging, occurring initially in cerebellar posterior lobe regions, and is associated with neuronal, synaptic and beta-amyloid neuropathology. Regarding depression, structural imaging studies have identified a relationship between depressive symptoms and cerebellar gray matter volume. In particular, major depressive disorder (MDD) and higher depressive symptom burden are associated with smaller gray matter volumes in the total cerebellum as well as the posterior cerebellum, vermis, and posterior Crus I. From the genetic/epigenetic standpoint, prominent DNA methylation changes in the cerebellum with aging are both in the form of hypo- and hyper-methylation, and the presumably increased/decreased expression of certain genes might impact on motor coordination. Training influences motor skills and lifelong practice might contribute to structural maintenance of the cerebellum in old age, reducing loss of grey matter volume and therefore contributing to the maintenance of cerebellar reserve. Non-invasive cerebellar stimulation techniques are increasingly being applied to enhance cerebellar functions related to motor, cognitive, and affective operations. They might enhance cerebellar reserve in the elderly. In conclusion, macroscopic and microscopic changes occur in the cerebellum during the lifespan, with changes in structural and functional connectivity with both the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. With the aging of the population and the impact of aging on quality of life, the panel of experts considers that there is a huge need to clarify how the effects of aging on the cerebellar circuitry modify specific motor, cognitive, and affective operations both in normal subjects and in brain disorders such as AD or MDD, with the goal of preventing symptoms or improving the motor, cognitive, and affective symptoms.

• MeSH
• depresivní porucha unipolární * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• mozeček patologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) is characterized by acute onset of psychotic symptoms and early recovery. Contrastingly, schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by impaired functioning including a deficit in cognition. In SZ, the cognitive deficit is among the core symptoms, but in ATPDs, the existing evidence brings mixed results. Our primary aim was to compare three core cognitive domains (executive functioning/abstraction, speed of processing and working memory) of patients diagnosed with ATPD and SZ over a 12-month period. Moreover, we explored how these diagnostic subgroups differed in their clinical characteristics. We recruited 39 patients with a diagnosis of SZ and 31 with ATPD with schizophrenic symptoms. All patients completed clinical and neuropsychological assessments. At baseline, we used a one-way ANCOVA model with a group as the between-subjects factor. Mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVAs with time as the within-subjects factor and group as the between-subjects factor were run to test the overtime differences. At baseline, we did not find any differences in cognition - with sex, education and age as covariates - between ATPDs and SZ. After one year, all patients showed an improvement in all three domains, however, there were no significant overtime changes between ATPDs and SZ. Regarding clinical profiles, ATPDs demonstrated less severe psychopathology and better functioning compared to SZ both at baseline and after 12 months. The medication dosage differed at retest, but not at baseline between the groups. Our findings suggest clinical differences and a similar trajectory of cognitive performance between these diagnostic subgroups.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Aim: To describe current scientific knowledge on cognitive impairment and emotional disturbances (anxiety and depression) in younger adult patients after ischemic stroke. Design: A scoping review. Methods: For the search, the following scientific databases were utilized: Web of Science, MEDLINE (Ovid), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), PsycInfo (EBSCO), Scopus (Elsevier), and ProQuest. Relevant studies were identified by searching publications from 2000 to July 2023. Results: A total of eight studies were ultimately included in the review. Cognitive impairment occurred in a range between 39.4% and 40%. This encompassed various aspects of cognitive function, such as working memory, processing speed, global cognitive function, immediate and delayed memory, attention, and executive functioning. Depression had an incidence rate ranging from 10.8% to 16.8%. Several risk factors were associated with a higher likelihood of developing generalized anxiety. These included younger age, more depressive symptoms, lower education, unemployment, a history of depression, and alcohol use. In the context of depressive symptoms, a higher risk was linked to lower education and unemployment. Conclusion: The included studies highlighted the need to assess these issues not only at the time of patient discharge but, more importantly, during the stage of further recovery. This can contribute to the creation of tailored interventions for these individuals.

• MeSH
• deprese diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ischemická cévní mozková příhoda * diagnóza   komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * etiologie   klasifikace   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• propuštění pacienta MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH