• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Bartonella izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• epidemiologie MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Bartonella diagnóza   farmakoterapie   klasifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby veterinární   MeSH
• objevující se infekční nemoci veterinární   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veterinární lékařství
• NLK Obory
• veterinární lékařství

• MeSH
• objevující se infekční nemoci * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• infekční lékařství

• MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• objevující se infekční nemoci * MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH

• MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• objevující se infekční nemoci MeSH

• MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• infekční nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• klinické lékařství MeSH
• objevující se infekční nemoci MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• zdroje nemoci MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• infekční lékařství

BACKGROUND: A total number of 14 valid species of Diphyllobothrium tapeworms have been described in literature to be capable of causing diphyllobothriosis, with D. latum being the major causative agent of all human infections. However, recent data indicate that some of these infections, especially when diagnosed solely on the basis of morphology, have been identified with this causative agent incorrectly, confusing other Diphyllobothrium species with D. latum. Another widely distributed species, D. dendriticum, has never been considered as a frequent parasite of man, even though it is found commonly throughout arctic and subarctic regions parasitizing piscivorous birds and mammals. Recent cases of Europeans infected with this cestode called into question the actual geographic distribution of this tapeworm, largely ignored by medical parasitologists. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: On the basis of revision of more than 900 available references and a description and revision of recent European human cases using morphological and molecular (cox1) data supplemented by newly characterized D. dendriticum sequences, we updated the current knowledge of the life-cycle, geographic distribution, epidemiological status, and molecular diagnostics of this emerging causal agent of zoonotic disease of man. CONCLUSIONS: The tapeworm D. dendriticum represents an example of a previously neglected, probably underdiagnosed parasite of man with a potential to spread globally. Recent cases of diphyllobothriosis caused by D. dendriticum in Europe (Netherlands, Switzerland and Czech Republic), where the parasite has not been reported previously, point out that causative agents of diphyllobothriosis and other zoonoses can be imported throughout the world. Molecular tools should be used for specific and reliable parasite diagnostics, and also rare or non-native species should be considered. This will considerably help improve our knowledge of the distribution and epidemiology of these human parasites.

• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární MeSH
• difylobotriáza epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Diphyllobothrium izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• lékařská topografie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární epidemiologie MeSH
• objevující se infekční nemoci epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• opomíjené nemoci epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Shigella flexneri is a leading etiologic agent of diarrhea in low socioeconomic countries. Notably, various serotypes in S. flexneri are reported from different regions of the world. The precise approximations of illness and death owing to shigellosis are missing in low socioeconomic countries, although it is widespread in different regions. The inadequate statistics available reveal S. flexneri to be a significant food and waterborne pathogen. All over the world, different antibiotic-resistant strains of S. flexneri serotypes have been emerged especially multidrug-resistant strains. Recently, increased resistance was observed in cephalosporins (3rd generation), azithromycin, and fluoroquinolones. There is a need for a continuous surveillance study on antibiotic resistance that will be helpful in the update of the antibiogram. The shigellosis burden can be reduced by adopting preventive measures like delivery of safe drinking water, suitable sanitation, and development of an effective and inexpensive multivalent vaccine. This review attempts to provide the recent findings of S. flexneri related to epidemiology and the emergence of multidrug resistance.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bacilární dyzentérie farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• objevující se infekční nemoci farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Shigella flexneri účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Tularemia is a bacterial disease of humans, wild, and domestic animals. Francisella tularensis, which is a Gram-negative coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, is the causative agent of tularemia. Recently, an increase in the number of human tularemia cases has been noticed in several countries around the world. It has been reported mostly from North America, several Scandinavian countries, and certain Asian countries. The disease spreads through vectors such as mosquitoes, horseflies, deer flies, and ticks. Humans can acquire the disease through direct contact of sick animals, consumption of infected animals, drinking or direct contact of contaminated water, and inhalation of bacteria-loaded aerosols. Low infectious dose, aerosol route of infection, and its ability to induce fatal disease make it a potential agent of biological warfare. Tularemia leads to several clinical forms, such as glandular, ulceroglandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, respiratory, and typhoidal forms. The disease is diagnosed through the use of culture, serology, or molecular methods. Quinolones, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides are frequently used in the treatment of tularemia. No licensed vaccine is available in the prophylaxis of tularemia and this is need of the time and high-priority research area. This review mostly focuses on general features, importance, current status, and preventive measures of this disease.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biologické bojové látky MeSH
• Francisella tularensis izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci přenášené klíšťaty farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• objevující se infekční nemoci farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• přenos infekční nemoci prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• tularemie farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• objevující se infekční nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• virové nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• infekční lékařství
• epidemiologie