Cieľom štúdie bolo zistiť vzťah medzi hanbou za vlastné telo, body image a sebahodnotením u oboch pohlaví v období strednej a neskorej adolescencie. Vy´skumny´ súbor tvorilo 434 adolescentov (M = 18.6, SD = 2.11). Údaje boli získané pomocou subškály Hanby za vlastné telo zo Škály objektivizovaného vnímania tela, Dotazníka Body Image, Rosenbergovej škály sebahodnotenia a BMI indexu. Práca preukázala negatívny vzťah medzi hanbou za vlastné telo a body image, ako aj medzi hanbou za vlastné telo a sebahodnotením u žien aj u mužov. Výsledky ukázali, že body image pôsobí ako mediátor vzťahu medzi hanbou za vlastné telo a sebahodnotením. Ukázalo sa, že medzi hanbou za vlastné telo a BMI je slaby´ pozitívny vzťah iba u žien. Ženy v období strednej a neskorej adolescencie vykazovali vyššiu mieru hanby za vlastné telo ako muži. Naopak muži vykazovali vyššie sebahodnotenie a pozitívnejší body image ako ženy. Výsledky prispievajú k chápaniu hanby za vlastné telo ako dôležitého faktora sebahodnotenia v adolescencii.
The primary goal of this study was to determine the relationship between body shame, body image and self-esteem in both sexes during middle and late adolescence. Body shame is defined as a negative evaluation of one's body, body's functions and aspects, such as body hair and nakedness, as well as a desire to hide one's body (Gilbert, 2002; Schooler et al., 2005). Body image means a way person thinks about and perceives his/her body, which include weight, appearance, health, and fitness (Fialová, 2006; Grogan, 2000). Previous studies show that body shame is negatively related to body image in women (Mustapic et al., 2015; Sanftner et al., 1995), however, this relationship is unclear in men. Number of previous studies show that higher body shame is related to lower self-esteem (Jankauskiene & Pajaujiene, 2012; Choma et al., 2010). This research aims at testing body image as a potential mediator between body shame and self-esteem. The research sample consisted of 434 adolescents aged 14–21 years (M = 18.6, SD = 2.11). Data was collected by using the The Body Shame Subscale from The Objectified Body Consciouness Scale [BSS; McKinley & Hyde, 1996], Body Image Questionaire [BIQ; Koleck, Bruchton-Schweitzer, Cousson-Gélie, Gilliard, & Quintard, 2002] and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [RSES; Rosenberg, 1965]. Participants were also asked about their height and weight in order to measure BMI. The relations between variables were examined by correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and non-parametric tests for comparing groups. The study confirmed the negative correlation of body shame with body image (r = -0.32) and with self-esteem (r = -0.42) in women. Similar negative relationships were found between body image and body shame in men (r = -0.34) as well as between body shame and self-esteem in men (r = -0.35). Strong negative relationships between self-esteem and body image in women (r = 0.68) and men (r = 0.66) were found. Moreover, mediation analysis has shown that body image serves as a mediator between body shame and self-esteem. Therefore, we assume, that interventions aimed at decreasing body shame could lead to the increase in adolescents' self-esteem through the improvement of their body image. Our second goal was to measure the association of body shame with BMI in both sexes. Previous studies showed positive association between BMI and body shame in women, however, the relationship of BMI and body shame is inconsistent in men (e.g. Fredrickson et al., 1998; Mustapic et al., 2015). The results of this study showed a weak positive relationship between body shame and BMI in women (r = 0.10), however, the relationship between body shame and BMI was not significant in men. One of the explanations for this result might be that BMI does not determine the exact ratio of body fat and muscle mass. Also, there may be other factors which contribute to body shame in adolescents, such as eating attitudes, exercising, or media-portrayed idealized images, and these factors may be worth examining in the future studies. The third goal of this study was to measure the differences in body shame, body image, and self-esteem between women and men. As expected, women in the middle and late adolescence reported higher body shame than men. Men, on the other hand, reported higher self-esteem and more positive body image than women. The results contribute to understanding of body shame as an important factor of self-esteem during the adolescence. The results may help in the development of psychological strategies for prevention and intervention to reduce body shame. in both sexes
- MeSH
- Shame MeSH
- Body Mass Index MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Body Dissatisfaction * psychology MeSH
- Body Image psychology MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Psychiatric Status Rating Scales MeSH
- Self Concept MeSH
- Self-Assessment MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
Práce hodnotí subjektivní názor dětí staršího školního věku na svůj vzhled a postavu, zda jsou spokojeni s tím jak vypadají a kolik váží, nebo zda touží po hubenější resp. svalnatější postavě. Dále zjistit zda s touhou po hubenější nebo svalnatější postavě mění stravovací návyky jedí více zeleniny, méně sladkostí nebo vynechávají některá denní jídla a drží diety. K tomuto zjištění byl použit dotazník, jehož součástí byl také test přiřazování siluet. Výsledky studie zahrnující 109 chlapců a 112 dívek ukázaly, že chlapci jsou mnohem více spokojeni se svým vzhledem a hmotností než dívky. 70 % chlapců je spokojeno se svou váhou, naproti tomu 57 % dívek si přeje vážit méně a vypadat štíhlejší. Dále bylo zjištěno, že dívky častěji než chlapci vynechávají některá denní jídla nebo drží diety. Z celkového souboru mělo 32 % respondentů nadváhu nebo obezitu.
The goal of this study was to measure the subjective body image and weight satisfaction of young ages 11–15. Satisfaction with their body image was measured by a series of questionnaires and other interactive interview techniques. From these results, a plan of suggested dietary changes, such as increasing daily servings of fruits and vegetables or in some cases omitting meals to reduce their overall calorie intake. An important part of the study was the silhouette matching section. The results of the study of 109 boys and 112 girls confi rmed that boys are more satisfi ed with their body than girls. In general, 70 % of boys were more satisfi ed with their bodies than girls. Many girls (57 %) felt that they should be slimmer and were actively dieting to reduce their body weight. Even though the diet regimen was a common behaviour in the girls, 32% of all respondents were overweigh or obese.
- Keywords
- body image, mentální bulimie, bigorexie, objektivní a subjektivní hodnocení tělesných proporcí, test přiřazování siluet,
- MeSH
- Bulimia Nervosa prevention & control MeSH
- Diet MeSH
- Evaluation Studies as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Anorexia Nervosa prevention & control MeSH
- Adolescent * MeSH
- Personality MeSH
- Feeding and Eating Disorders prevention & control MeSH
- Self Concept * MeSH
- Schools MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Feeding Behavior psychology MeSH
- Body Weight MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent * MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- MeSH
- Agnosia classification physiopathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cerebral Cortex physiopathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Colposcopy is a well-established method to detect and diagnose intraepithelial lesions and uterine cervical cancer in early stages. During the exam color and texture changes are induced by the application of a contrast agent (e.g.3-5% acetic acid solution or iodine). Our aim is to densely quantify the change in the acetowhite decay level for a sequence of images captured during a colposcopy exam to help the physician in his diagnosis providing new tools that overcome subjectivity and improve reproducibility. As the change in acetowhite decay level must be calculated from the same tissue point in all images, we present an elastic image registration scheme able to compensate patient, camera and tissue movement robustly in cervical images. The image registration is based on a novel multi-feature entropy similarity criterion. Temporal features are then extracted using the color properties of the aligned image sequence and a dual compartment tissue model of the cervix. An example of the use of the temporal features for pixel-wise classification is presented and the results are compared against ground truth histopathological annotations.
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- Cervix Uteri pathology MeSH
- Databases, Factual MeSH
- Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted methods MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Colposcopy methods MeSH
- Acetic Acid chemistry MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis MeSH
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- Databases, Factual utilization MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological instrumentation trends utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Melanoma diagnosis MeSH
- Neoplasm Metastasis diagnosis MeSH
- Eye Neoplasms diagnosis classification MeSH
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- Models, Theoretical MeSH
- Ultrasonography methods utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
S cílem testovat nově vyvinutý aplikační modul analýzy DNA v barevném systému obrazové analýzy LUCIA G a zavést standardizovaný protokol měření byla paralelně provedena analýza DNA v histologických řezech a cytoseparovaných preparátech. Použit byl rutinní bioptický materiál uroteliálních karcinomů (Gl: n = 6, G2: n = 6, G3: n = 6). V obou typech preparátů barvených dle Feulgena bylo měřeno min. 100 nádorových a min. 30 referenčních buněk a porovnány DNA charakteristiky (střední obsah DNA, DI, 2cDI, stupeň malignity dle Bockinga). Porovnávány byly rovněž typy histogramů v Auerově klasifikaci (AI-AIV). Většina karcinomů byla aneuploidní (dvě třetiny Gl, všechny G2 a G3). Nejběžnější byl histogram typu ATV. Stupeň malignity byl většinou mírně vyšší v cytoseparovaných vzorcích, tvary histogramů byly analogické. Dva karcinomy euploidní v histologickém materiálu vykázaly aneuploidii V cytoseparovaném vzorku. Snazší měření ve tkáňovém řezu poskytlo ve většině případů použitelnou informaci. Případy bez prokázané aneuploidie je nutno vyšetřit i v cytoseparovaném vzorku. K použití cytoseparací se přiklánějí i současná mezinárodní standardizační jednání. Důležitým prvkem měřícího systému je zkušený patolog schopný striktně dodržet protokol.
OBJECTIVE: To introduce and test a standardized measurement protocol for DNA image cytometry into a newly developed LUCIA G system application program. Contribution to a discussion concerning the possibility of using the histology sections for DNA image cytometry. STUDY DESIGN: Routine biopsy material from 18 urinary bladder cancer cases was analyzed (wade 1: n = 6, Grade 2: n = 6, Grade 3: n = 6), both in histological and in cytoseparated preparations. More than one hundred diagnostic and more than 30 reference cells were measured. DNA features (mean DNA value, 2cDI, Booking's grade of malignancy) and histogram types in Auer's classification (AI-IV) were compared. RESULTS: Most carcinomas measured were aneuploid (two.thirds Gl, all G2, G3). The most common histogram type was A IV. Malignancy grade was mostly slightly higher in cytoseparated material, the shape of the histogram was analogous. Two carcinomas looking euploid in histology sections were proven aneuploid in cytoseparation. CONCLUSION: More convenient tissue section measurement provided useful DNA profile information in most cases. Those without proven aneuploidy should be additionally measured in cytoseparations. An experienced pathologist meeting strictly measurement protocol demands is an important part of the measurement system.
- MeSH
- Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- DNA analysis MeSH
- Carcinoma diagnosis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neoplasms by Histologic Type MeSH
- Image Cytometry methods instrumentation MeSH
- Software MeSH
- Urologic Neoplasms diagnosis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Background: 96-well microtiter plate assay are becoming popular analytical procedures in laboratory and clinical practices generating a demand for microtiter plate readers. The present colorimetric and fluorimetric based microtiter plate reader are efficient in general applications such as measuring reflectance, absorbance, and optical density of reaction mixtures. However, a dedicated system incorporating automation and computational techniques in specific microtiter plate readers for Drug discovery and Microbial viability, provides portability and compatibility with highthroughput analysis at affordable cost. Objective: To develop image-based reader system for semi-quantitative measurements of transport assay performed in microtiter plate. In this work, we focus on deduction of illumination source and classification of fluorescence emitted by transport assay using this microtiter plate reader. Method: We have taken the images of 96-well fluorescence efflux assay and developed an appropriate image analysis system to read the individual well images and categorize the results as fast efflux and slow efflux by the classifier. The images exhibited non-uniform illumination due to UV transilluminator, which then replaced by the circuit of blue LED after performing a study on its classification performance. Statistical descriptive features extracted from the image are classified using k-means clustering technique. The proposed system can be adapted to read any kind of microtiter plate assay. Results: For uniform illumination of the source, of both UV transilluminator and blue LED, the color profile varied in accord to reaction mixture concentration. For classification performance of the source, out of four different images at various intensities of illumination from blue LED circuit controlled by potentiometer, the classification of efflux assay for image with maximum intensity gave high accuracy than the rest. For classification performance of the classifier, out of 1920-sub-images, the classifier misclassifies none. Conclusion: For the microtiter plate reader, which classifies the liquid transport assay as fast efflux or slow efflux, the usage of UV transilluminator as illumination source is limited due to its non-uniform illumination and blue LED is apt for this application due its uniformity. The k-means clustering technique had been effective for this application when fed with statistical features describing the clusters.
