INTRODUCTION: The cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) method is used to determine the timing of treatment of Class II malocclusion. Because its performance has not been tested in patients with Class II, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the CVM method in predicting craniofacial growth in Class II malocclusion. METHODS: Twenty-nine untreated girls with Class II malocclusion were identified among participants of the Nijmegen Growth Study. Each girl had a series of cephalograms taken semi-annually from 9 to 14 years of age. The CVM status was established by five observers on a cephalogram taken at 9 years; mandibular and maxillary length and anterior face height were assessed on all available cephalograms. Method error was evaluated with kappa statistics and Bland-Altman (BA) plots. Regression analysis was used to determine if CVM grade can predict the amount of facial growth. RESULTS: The mean kappa for intra-rater agreement during grading with CVM was 0.36 (fair agreement). BA plots demonstrated acceptable agreement for cephalometric measurements. The regression analysis demonstrated that the only chronologic age was associated with the facial growth. The largest effect of age was for condylion-gnathion (Cd-Gn) and articulare-gnathion (Ar-Gn)-for every additional 6 months the Cd-Gn increases by 1.8mm [95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 1.7, 1.9, P < 0.001] and Ar-Gn increases by 1.59mm (95 per cent CI: 1.52, 1.67, P < 0.001). The CVM grade could not predict the change of cephalometric variables. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence to support the hypothesis that the CVM method can predict the amount of craniofacial growth in girls with Class II malocclusion.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kefalometrie metody   MeSH
• krční obratle růst a vývoj   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malokluze patologie   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• mandibula růst a vývoj   patologie   MeSH
• maxila růst a vývoj   patologie   MeSH
• maxilofaciální vývoj fyziologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• stárnutí patologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

Changes in pollutant loads in relatively dynamic river sediments, which contain very complex mixtures of compounds, can play a crucial role in the fate and effects of pollutants in fluvial ecosystems. The contamination of sediments by bioactive substances can be sensitively assessed by in vitro bioassays. This is the first study that characterizes detailed short- and long-term changes in concentrations of contaminants with several modes of action in river sediments. One-year long monthly study described seasonal and spatial variability of contamination of sediments in a representative industrialized area by dioxin-like and endocrine disruptive chemicals. There were significant seasonal changes in both antiandrogenic and androgenic as well as dioxin-like potential of river sediments, while there were no general seasonal trends in estrogenicity. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent potency (dioxin-like potency) expressed as biological TCDD-equivalents (BIOTEQ) was in the range of 0.5-17.7 ng/g, dry mass (dm). The greatest BIOTEQ levels in sediments were observed during winter, particularly at locations downstream of the industrial area. Estrogenicity expressed as estradiol equivalents (EEQ) was in the range of 0.02-3.8 ng/g, dm. Antiandrogenicity was detected in all samples, while androgenic potency in the range of 0.7-16.8 ng/g, dm dihydrotestosterone equivalents (DHT-EQ) was found in only 30 % of samples, most often during autumn, when antiandrogenicity was the least. PAHs were predominant contaminants among analyzed pollutants, responsible, on average, for 13-21 % of BIOTEQ. Longer-term changes in concentrations of BIOTEQ corresponded to seasonal fluctuations, whereas for EEQ, the inter-annual changes at some locations were greater than seasonal variability during 1 year. The inter- as well as intra-annual variability in concentrations of both BIOTEQ and EEQ at individual sites was greater in spring than in autumn which was related to hydrological conditions in the river. This study stresses the importance of river hydrology and its seasonal variations in the design of effective sampling campaigns, as well as in the interpretation of any monitoring results.

• MeSH
• biotest MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• chemické znečištění vody statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dioxiny analýza   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory analýza   MeSH
• geologické sedimenty chemie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analýza   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• receptory aromatických uhlovodíků MeSH
• řeky chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH