In the Czech Republic, the incidence of Lyme borreliosis (LB) has shown a rising trend since 1988. The goal of this study has been to find out to what extent a selected part of population is aware of ticks and of the relationship between ticks and LB. The study was based on a questionnaire survey. A total of 110 respondents were selected, including 19 secondary school students, 32 blood donors, 44 park-goers, 15 countryside people. As many as 99% of the respondents were aware of the presence of ticks, 91% knew that ticks are sucking blood of humans and animals, 1.8% thought they eat leaves. 74.5% of the respondents expect ticks to reach them from the vegetation while 22% believe that ticks fall from the trees. Furthermore, 87% and 75% of the respondents indicated to have had ticks attached to the skin or to have removed a tick from other persons' skin, respectively. Only 6.7% of them had never come into contact with ticks. 17% of the respondents use disinfectant when removing a tick, while 67% use oil for tick removal. Almost 30% remove ticks with naked hands. Over 14% destroy the ticks by squashing them with naked fingers. Finally, about 11% of the population studied had never heard about LB and 41% were not aware of the risk of tick-borne encephalitis.
- MeSH
- Arthropod Vectors * microbiology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Ticks * microbiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lyme Disease transmission MeSH
- Urban Population MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Tick-Borne Diseases transmission MeSH
- Pilot Projects MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires * MeSH
- Rural Population MeSH
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MeSH
- Health Education MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
A new species of the family Alloionematidae was isolated from a rotten winged gourd at White Crane Garden, San Francisco, USA, sampled by Christopher Nelson in November 2010, and a live culture is deposited in Félix Lab Strain Database (http://www.justbio.com/worms/index.php), IBENS, Paris, France. Specimens from the culture have been examined. Both morphologically and molecularly, the nematode described herein as Alloionema californicum n. sp. differs from the other alloionematid species, A. appendiculatum and Neoalloionema tricaudatum. It is characterised by having a narrow stoma, 2.5-3.5 or 4 times longer than broad in adults or dauer juveniles respectively. Lateral fields are not present in adults but occur as one prominent ridge in dauers. Males have no bursa, six pairs of genital papillae and one single papilla. Dauers have large apparent phasmids in the middle of the tail. The ecology of the newly described species is unknown but probably it is a saprobic bacteriophagous nematode preferring rotting organic material.
- MeSH
- Cucurbita parasitology MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Plant Diseases parasitology MeSH
- Rhabditida classification genetics isolation & purification ultrastructure MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- United States MeSH
Badminton, stejně jako ostatní „tenisové“ sporty působí na aerobní vytrvalost, anaerobní metabolismus, rychlost, rychlostní sílu, vytrvalost a obratnost. Charakter hry vyvolává přetížení jedné poloviny těla a proto je nezbytné do tréninkového procesu začlenit kompenzační a vyrovnávací cvičení. Cílem naší studie bylo zhodnotit vliv jednostranné zátěže na svalovou symetrii u hráčů badmintonu s využitím přístrojové metody bioimpedanční analýzy (BIA) a nepřístrojové vyšetřovací metody kineziologickým rozborem (KR) a následně potvrdit nezbytnost zařazení kompenzačních strečinkových cvičení do pravidelného tréninkového procesu.Vyšetřili jsme smíšenou skupinu badmintonistů (n=29; 15 mužů, 14 žen; průměrný věk 24,3 ± 5,3 let). Metodou KR byly zjištěny svalové zkrácení a asymetrie, zejména v oblasti pánve a dolních končetin u 55% vyšetřených jedinců. Bioimpedanční metoda (BIA) nám nález potvrdila u 62% z celkového počtu vyšetřených jedinců. Nejčastějším nálezem v oblasti trupu a horních končetin bylo asymetrické postavení ramen – u 45% jedinců, což svědčí o pravostranném přetížení v oblasti horní poloviny trupu. Celková pravolevá asymetrie horní poloviny těla – trupu byla potvrzena bioimpedančním šetřením u 48% jedinců. Obě metody vyšetřující symetrii zatížení těla se navzájem doplňují. Kineziologický rozbor potvrdil u 93% z celkového počtu jedinců nález celkové pravolevé asymetrie těla. Totéž nám v 86% z celkového počtu vyšetřených jedinců potvrdila BIA.
Character of the badminton play provoke an unilateral overloading of the body, the load is not balanced between upper and lower body. The aim was to evaluate influence of unilateral overloading on muscular symmetry of elite badminton players using machine method of body composition analysis (BIA) and non-machine examination method - kinesiology analysis (KA). Consequently confirm the essential importance of balancing exercises in regular training process.We observed mixed group (n=29; 15 males, 14 females; mean age 24,3 ± 5,3 yrs). The method of KA finds out muscular disharmony mainly in pelvic area and lower limbs in 55% of examined individuals. This status confirms also BIA in 62% from the investigated group. Most common were asymmetrical configuration of the trunk and shoulders – in 45% it reflects for right-side overloading in upper trunk area. Right-side asymmetry in upper trunk area confirms also BIA in 86% individuals. The whole right-left upper trunk asymmetry was confirmed with BIA in 48% individuals. Both machine and non-machine presented methods are in return supplementary. KA found the whole right-left body asymmetry in 93% and BIA confirmed the same finding in 86%.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Kinesiology, Applied MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Muscular Diseases * prevention & control rehabilitation MeSH
- Racquet Sports * MeSH
- Muscles physiology physiopathology MeSH
- Exercise Therapy MeSH
- Research MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Cílem práce bylo posoudit zájem o pohybové aktivity studentů prvních ročníků na 2. a 3. lékařské fakultě (LF) UK. Dotazníkové šetření bylo prováděno na souboru 407 studentů, kdy 182 studentů bylo z 2. LF UK a 225 studentů z 3. LF UK Studenti obou fakult (2. a 3. LF) sportují nejčastěji do dvou hodin týdně (37 %, respektive 38 %) a dvě až čtyři hodiny týdně (38 % respektive 34 %). 14,5 % studentů se věnuje sportu závodně, 4,6 % studentů se nevěnuje pohybovým aktivitám vůbec. Cyklistice se ze zkoumaného souboru věnuje 111 studentů, plavání 98 studentů, běhání 63 studentů, volejbalu 62, sjezdovému lyžování 47 studentů, fitness aktivitám a turistice 40 studentů. Zájem studentů o zapojení do pohybových aktivit se profiluje jak u tradičních aktivit jako plavání, volejbal, fitness aktivity, cyklistika, tenis, zdravotní tělesná výchova, tak rovněž u „nových“ aktivit jako sportovní lezení, squash, plážový volejbal, in-line bruslení, nordic walking, slackline, golf, florbal. Ukazuje se, že zařazení „nových“ atraktivních pohybových aktivit do vysokoškolské nabídky tělovýchovných kateder a ústavů může zvýšit zájem o tělesnou výchovu studentů.
The aim of the study was to assess the interest in physical activities in first year students of second (LF 2) and third (LF 3) medical faculty of Charles University. The sample of 407 students took part in the survey where 182 students were from LF 2 and 225 from LF 3. Students of both faculties (LF 2 and LF 3) practice a sport less than 2 hours per week (37 %, respective 38 %) and 2-4 hours (38 % respective 34 %). There are 14.5 % of students who regularly compete in a sport discipline and 4.6 % of students do not practice any physical activity at all. Cycling is practised by 111, swimming by 98, running by 63, volleyball by 62, skiing by 47, fitness and „turistika“ by 40 students. Interest in participating in physical activities is focused among traditional activities like swimming, volleyball, fitness, tennis, cycling, health oriented physical education and among „new“ activities like sport climbing, squash, beach volleyball,in-line skating, nordic walking, slackline, golf, floorball. It was showed that including „new“physical activities in curriculum may enhance the interest of students in physical education.
- Keywords
- vysokoškolský sport, pohybové aktivity,
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Motor Activity * MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires utilization MeSH
- Sports classification statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Students, Medical * psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Students, Health Occupations psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Physical Education and Training classification methods MeSH
- Leisure Activities psychology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
Background: Annual age grouping is a widely used strategy to allocate players to age categories for more equal and fair opportunities considering the developmental differences. Although it is a well-intended strategy, certain (dis)advantages occur because of the subtle age-related differences within the same age groups. Objective: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relative age effect among badminton players reaching the podium in the last three consecutive European U15, U17 and Junior (U19) Badminton Championships. Methods: A total of 288 medal owners from 20 countries were evaluated in the study. Chi-square (χ2) goodness-of-fit tests were used to compare the obtained birth month distributions across the quartiles (Q), and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated in order to compare quartiles with each other. Results: Statistically significant relative age effects were determined favouring relatively older athletes in the total sample (χ2 = 82.278, p < .001). Statistically significant distribution differences were noted in both singles and doubles categories in total (χ2 = 18.778, p < .001; χ2 = 63.815, p < .001, respectively). Striking findings were determined in Q1-Q4 and Q2-Q4 comparisons as players in Q1 and Q2 were more than five and four times as likely to reach the podium than players in Q4, respectively. Conclusions: Results of this study confirm the presence of relative age effect among award-winning badminton players which goes beyond the classical participation trends findings, and stress the importance of the issue for talent development, selection and success.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Racquet Sports * MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Research MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of scaled equipment on the playing performance of young tennis players. Nonetheless, there is a need for further research to explore the impact of scaled equipment on the skill development of beginner adult tennis players. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of ball compression and scale court sizes on the learning of tennis skills of beginner adult tennis players. Methods: Twenty-four beginner players (age 20.9 ± 1.2 years) were randomly divided into a regular ball group (RB, n = 12) and a low-compression ball group (LCB, n = 12) on-court training twice per week for six weeks. The RB played with standard yellow tennis balls, while the LCB used low-compression balls (red, orange, and green) during the intervention. Pre and post-tests included the Tennis-Specific Skills Test (TSST) and the International Tennis Number test (ITN). Results: The results demonstrated that the LCB showed higher technical characteristics after training (p < .05, ηp2 between .18 and .36) except for the mobility assessment (p > .05, ηp2 = .02) and the TSST scores in terms of forehand, backhand, and rally length (p < .05, ηp2 = .16-.19). Conclusions: This study indicates that the LCB might be more suitable equipment to improve technical skills and hitting performances. Practitioners can use the LCB to design an effective training plan, especially for young and adult beginner tennis players.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Racquet Sports MeSH
- Sports Equipment * classification MeSH
- Athletic Performance MeSH
- Tennis MeSH
- Research MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Publication type
- Clinical Study MeSH
Autor se v krátké studii věnuje problematice obliby sportů u studentů ČVUT v Praze. Výsledky získal sledováním počtu přihlášených studentů vyšších ročníků do jednotlivých sportů ve dnech 17.6. až 11.7.2008, kdy se studenti zapisovali pomocí internetového připojení na stránky ÚTVS ČVUT. Bylo jich celkem 1201. Výsledky plně ukazuje tabulka č.1.Nejoblíbenějším sportem je jako v minulých letech stále kondiční posilování, na druhé místo se nově vyšvihlo lezení na umělou stěnu jako zástupce „adrenalinových sportů“, třetí je florbal – fenomén mezi mládeží z posledních let. Plně se potvrzuje trvající zájem o „moderní sporty“ jako squash, bowling a golf, na které jsou studenti ochotni si i více připlatit. Překvapuje vysoká obliba stolního tenisu a nově zařazené turistiky. Stále trvá určitý pokles zájmu o sporty jako basketbal, softbal, kanoistiku a fotbal na venkovním velkém hřišti. Mírný pokles zaznamenaly i takové dřívější stálice jako plavání a volejbal.
Author is interested in problems of sport popularity among students in CTU in Prague. He got results, when he watched number of students from higher grades, who registered themselves in days 17.6. – 11.7. 2008, when students registered themselves by means of internet connection on the UTVS CTU web page. 1201 students were registered. Sheet n.1 shows results. The most favorite sport is still conditional bodybuilding like in last years, in the second place ended climbing on artificial wall, like representative of ,, epinephrine sports ‘’, third is floorball – phenomenon among young people in last couple years. Students are still interested in ,,modern sports’’ like squash, bowling and golf, and also, students are ready to pay more money for it. Table tennis and tourism (which is included newly) surprised by big popularity. Still is some decrease of popularity between sports like basketball , softball, canoeing and outdoor footbal. Even swimming and volleyball, which used to be very popular, have decreased.
Despite remarkable recent progress in the analysis of plant genome organization and chromosome structure, there is a need for methods enabling DNA sequences to be mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) at high spatial resolution. We sorted mitotic metaphase chromosomes of wheat by flow cytometry and observed the occurrence of hyperexpanded chromosomes among them. However, this phenomenon was not reproducible in subsequent experiments. An investigation into the procedures of flow cytometry revealed that the hyperexpansion of chromosomes became reproducible when the concentration of formaldehyde used in sample fixation was reduced. We conducted FISH analysis with 45S rDNA, 5S rDNA and wheat centromeric repeat sequences as probes on flow-sorted chromosomes and also on chromosomes from squash preparations. We measured the length of chromosomes 1B and 6B, identified by FISH. On average, the hyperexpanded 1B and 6B chromosomes were 7.26 and 7.53 times longer, respectively, than the same chromosomes from the squash preparations. The most stretched 1B and 6B chromosomes both exceeded 100 micrometers.
In South Bohemia, Czech Republic, 178 shrews, including 98 common shrews, Sorex araneus L., 70 pygmy shrews, Sorex minutus L., and 10 lesser white-toothed shrews, Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas), were examined for Soricimyxum fegati Prunescu, Prunescu, Pucek et Lom, 2007 infections, using squash preparations of unfixed tissues, histological sections and molecular methods. The infection was found in 51 (52%) S. araneus, 14 (20%) S. minutus and 1 (10%) C. suaveolens. The records of the latter two species extend host range of S. fegati. Lesions associated with S. fegati infections in the liver, the organ of specific localisation of the parasite, were found to be induced by proliferative stages migrating toward lumina of bile ducts. In other organs of these three host species, xenoma-like formations (XLFs) were found that severely injured blood vessels. XLFs contained presporogonic stages of S. fegati, whose species identity was evidenced using molecular methods.
- MeSH
- Blood Vessels parasitology pathology MeSH
- Species Specificity MeSH
- Host Specificity MeSH
- Liver parasitology pathology MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Myxozoa genetics isolation & purification classification pathogenicity MeSH
- Organ Specificity MeSH
- Parasitic Diseases, Animal parasitology pathology MeSH
- Shrews classification parasitology MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal analysis MeSH
- Base Sequence MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Bile Ducts parasitology pathology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Migration of parasitic worms through the host tissues, which may occasionally result in fatal damage to the internal organs, represents one of the major risks associated with helminthoses. In order to track the parasites, traditionally used 2D imaging techniques such as histology or squash preparation do not always provide sufficient data to describe worm location/behavior in the host. On the other hand, 3D imaging methods are widely used in cell biology, medical radiology, osteology or cancer research, but their use in parasitological research is currently occasional. Thus, we aimed at the evaluation of suitability of selected 3D methods to monitor migration of the neuropathogenic avian schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti in extracted spinal cord of experimental vertebrate hosts. All investigated methods, two of them based on tracking of fluorescently stained larvae with or without previous chemical clearing of tissue and one based on X-ray micro-CT, exhibit certain limits for in vivo observation. Nevertheless, our study shows that the tested methods as ultramicroscopy (used for the first time in parasitology) and micro-CT represent promising tool for precise analyzing of parasite larvae in the CNS. Synthesis of these 3D imaging techniques can provide more comprehensive look at the course of infection, host immune response and pathology caused by migrating parasites within entire tissue samples, which would not be possible with traditional approaches.
- MeSH
- Trematode Infections veterinary MeSH
- Larva MeSH
- Animal Diseases diagnosis parasitology MeSH
- Vertebrates MeSH
- Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections veterinary MeSH
- Schistosomatidae * MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
