temperature–size rule
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Birds' beaks play a key role in foraging, and most research on their size and shape has focused on this function. Recent findings suggest that beaks may also be important for thermoregulation, and this may drive morphological evolution as predicted by Allen's rule. However, the role of thermoregulation in the evolution of beak size across species remains largely unexplored. In particular, it remains unclear whether the need for retaining heat in the winter or dissipating heat in the summer plays the greater role in selection for beak size. Comparative studies are needed to evaluate the relative importance of these functions in beak size evolution. We addressed this question in a clade of birds exhibiting wide variation in their climatic niche: the Australasian honeyeaters and allies (Meliphagoidea). Across 158 species, we compared species' climatic conditions extracted from their ranges to beak size measurements in a combined spatial-phylogenetic framework. We found that winter minimum temperature was positively correlated with beak size, while summer maximum temperature was not. This suggests that while diet and foraging behavior may drive evolutionary changes in beak shape, changes in beak size can also be explained by the beak's role in thermoregulation, and winter heat retention in particular.
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce * MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- nízká teplota MeSH
- termoregulace * MeSH
- zobák anatomie a histologie MeSH
- zpěvní ptáci anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
... Principal Nerves of the Upper Limb 12 Radial Nerve 12 -- Median Nerve 13 -- Ulnar Nerve 14 -- General Rules ... ... Conduction in the -- Clinical Domain 90 Variation among Different Nerve Segments 90 Effects of Temperature ... ... Physiology of the Motor Unit 326 Size Principles and Recruitment 326 Twitch Characteristics 327 -- Rate ... ... Methods and Technical Factors 450 Belly-Tendon Recording 450 Movement-Induced Artifacts 450 Temperature ...
4th ed. xxix, 1146 s. : il., tab. ; 26 cm + 1 CD-ROM
- MeSH
- elektrodiagnostika metody MeSH
- elektromyografie MeSH
- nemoci míchy diagnóza MeSH
- nervové vedení fyziologie MeSH
- nervový přenos fyziologie MeSH
- neuromuskulární nemoci diagnóza MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- neurologie
- diagnostika
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
... Entropy is important in determining equilibrium constants 246 -- Equilibrium constants vary with temperature ... ... Conformation of saturated heterocycles 796 -- Making heterocycles: ring-dosing reactions 805 -- Ring size ... ... 69 -- The 18 electron rule ? ...
Second edition xxv, 1234 stran : ilustrace ; 28 cm
- Konspekt
- Organická chemie
- NLK Obory
- chemie, klinická chemie
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
Many animal lineages exhibit allometry in sexual size dimorphism (SSD), known as 'Rensch's rule'. When applied to the interspecific level, this rule states that males are more evolutionary plastic in body size than females and that male-biased SSD increases with body size. One of the explanations for the occurrence of Rensch's rule is the differential-plasticity hypothesis assuming that higher evolutionary plasticity in males is a consequence of larger sensitivity of male growth to environmental cues. We have confirmed the pattern consistent with Rensch's rule among species of the gecko genus Paroedura and followed the ontogeny of SSD at three constant temperatures in a male-larger species (Paroedura picta). In this species, males exhibited larger temperature-induced phenotypic plasticity in final body size than females, and body size and SSD correlated across temperatures. This result supports the differential-plasticity hypothesis and points to the role phenotypic plasticity plays in generating of evolutionary novelties.
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- ještěři anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- velikost těla fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
... STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 10 -- 3.1 Functions of the skin 10 -- 3.1.1 Barrier function 10 -- 3.1.2 Temperature ... ... -- 3.4.2 Age, sex, and race 18 -- 3.4.3 Anatomical site 19 -- 3.4.4 Skin condition 19 -- 3.4.5 Temperature ... ... Physicochemical factors affecting skin permeation 26 -- 4.3.1 Physical state 27 -- 4.3.2 Molecular size ... ... - 7.4.2 Age 75 -- 7.4.3 Anatomical site 75 -- 7.4.4 Type of application and vehicle 77 -- 7.4.5 Temperature ... ... dermal penetration 98 -- 10.1.7 Applicability domain for QSPeR 99 -- 10.1.8 Maximum fluxes 99 -- 10.1.9 Rules ...
Environmental health criteria, ISSN 0250-863X 235
xix, 197 s. : il., tab. ; 21 cm
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- dermatovenerologie
- environmentální vědy
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
... Segregation in Human Families 65 Genetic Counseling 66 Technical Sidelight: The Multiplicative and Additive Rules ... ... Genetic Counseling and Multifactoral Traits 96 -- Technical Sidelight: Artificial Selection for Body Size ... ... Stability 649 Induction of Transcriptional Activity by Environmental and Biological Factors 649 Temperature ... ... 785 Random Genetic Drift 786 -- Random Changes in Allele Frequencies 786 The Effects of Population Size ...
2nd ed. xviii, 876 s. : il.
... 106 -- Maintenance of Body Temperature 107 Methods of Determining Temperature 107 Procedure 108 -- Care ... ... Monitoring 147 Protection of Patient 147 Films 147 Collimation 147 Filtration 147 Processing 147 Film Size ... ... Wax Bite) 173 Purposes 173 Procedure 173 -- Preparation of Impression Trays 174 Selection of Proper Size ... ... Any Age) 482 Teeth 482 Contraindications 482 Selection of Teeth 482 Clinical Procedures 482 General Rules ... ... Indications for Use 555 Contraindications and Precautions 556 Instrument Tip Design 556 Shape 556 Size ...
Eighth edition xxxvii, 990 stran : ilustrace ; 29 cm
- MeSH
- klinické lékařství MeSH
- orální hygiena MeSH
- podpora zdraví MeSH
- preventivní zubní lékařství MeSH
- stomatologická péče MeSH
- zubní hygienici MeSH
- zubní prevence MeSH
- Konspekt
- Stomatologie
- NLK Obory
- zubní lékařství
- hygiena
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
... the cohesion of water molecules 42 -- Water contributes to Earth’s habitability by moderating temperatures ... ... , each pair of alleles segregates into gametes independently 244 -- Mendelian inheritance reflects rules ... ... origin of vertebrates 629 -- The evolution of vertebrate characteristics is associated with increased size ... ... with their structures 780 -- Bioenergetics is fundamental to all animal functions 785 -- An animal’s size ... ... nitrogenous wastes are correlated with its phylogeny and habitat 896 -- Thermoregulation maintains body temperature ...
Fourth edition 1206, 32 stran : ilustrace ; 29 cm
