Esophageal and gastric cancers represent tumors with poor prognosis. Unfortunately, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy have made only limited progress in recent years in improving the generally disappointing outcome. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is a novel treatment approach that quickly entered clinical practice in malignant melanoma and renal cell cancer, but the role in esophageal and gastric cancer is still poorly defined. The principal prognostic/predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy efficacy currently considered are PD-L1 expression along with defects in mismatch repair genes resulting in microsatellite instability (MSI-H) phenotype. The new molecular classification of gastric cancer also takes these factors into consideration. Available reports regarding PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 expression and MSI status in gastric and esophageal cancer are reviewed to summarize the clinical prognostic and predictive role together with potential clinical implications. The most important recently published clinical trials evaluating checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in these tumors are also summarized.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD273 metabolismus   MeSH
• antigeny CD274 metabolismus   MeSH
• antigeny CD279 metabolismus   MeSH
• epitelo-mezenchymální tranzice MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• imunita * MeSH
• imunoterapie * metody   MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrosatelitní nestabilita MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice MeSH
• nádory jícnu diagnóza   genetika   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• nádory žaludku diagnóza   genetika   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• únik nádoru z imunitní kontroly imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH