Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.
- MeSH
- behaviorální vědy * MeSH
- klimatické změny * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postup MeSH
- úmysl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Intention is a proximal predictor of behavior in many theories of behavior change, but intentions to be physically active do not always translate to actual physical activity. Little research has examined intensive longitudinal changes in physical activity and corresponding within-person moderators needed to elucidate the mechanisms, hurdles, and facilitators of individuals' everyday physical activity behaviors. The present study set out to evaluate the possible moderators of the intention-physical activity relationship across within-person and between-person levels, including cross-level interactions. Data comprise the first intensive measurement burst (14 days) of the longitudinal prospective Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment (HAIE) study, with N = 1135 participants (N = 10,030 person-days), aged 18-65. Physical activity was operationalized as step counts measured objectively using Fitbit Charge 3/4 fitness monitor. Intention, barriers to physical activity, and social support for physical activity were measured daily via smartphone surveys. Stable characteristics, i.e., physical activity habit and exercise identity, were measured using an online questionnaire. A multilevel moderation regression model with Bayesian estimator was fitted. At the within-person level, the relation between intention and steps was weaker on days when barriers were more severe than usual for a given person (Estimate = -0.267; CI95 = [-0.340, -0.196]) and social support was below average for a given person (Est = 0.143; CI95 = [0.023, 0.262]). Additionally, the daily intention-behavior relationship was stronger for people with lower average severity of barriers (Est = -0.153; CI95 = [-0.268, -0.052]), higher exercise identity (Est = 0.300; CI95 = [0.047, 0.546]), men (Est = -1.294, CI95 = [-1.854, -0.707]), and older individuals (Est = 0.042, CI95 = [0.017, 0.064]). At the between-person level, only physical activity habit strengthened the intention-behavior link (Est = 0.794; CI95 = [0.090, 1.486]). Our results underscore the need to separate the between-person differences from the within-person fluctuations to better understand the individual dynamics in physical activity behaviors. Personalized interventions aimed at helping individuals translate intentions to actual physical activity could be tailored and become more intensive when there is a higher risk of intention-behavior gap on a given day for a specific individual (i.e., a day with more severe barriers and less social support), by increasing the dosage or deploying more precisely targeted intervention strategies and components. In addition, interventionists should take gender and age into account when tailoring everyday strategies to help individuals act on their intentions.
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- cvičení * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- úmysl * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Men in sub-Saharan Africa are less likely than women to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) and more likely to have longer cycles of disengagement from ART programmes. Treatment interventions that meet the unique needs of men are needed, but they must be scalable. We will test the impact of various interventions on 6-month retention in ART programmes among men living with HIV who are not currently engaged in care (never initiated ART and ART clients with treatment interruption). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a programmatic, individually randomised, non-blinded, controlled trial. 'Non-engaged' men will be randomised 1:1:1 to either a low-intensity, high-intensity or stepped arm. The low-intensity intervention includes one-time male-specific counseling+facility navigation only. The high-intensity intervention offers immediate outside-facility ART initiation+male-specific counselling+facility navigation for follow-up ART visits. In the stepped arm, intervention activities build in intensity over time for those who do not re-engage in care with the following steps: (1) one-time male-specific counselling+facility navigation→(2) ongoing male mentorship+facility navigation→(3) outside-facility ART initiation+male-specific counselling+facility navigation for follow-up ART visits. Our primary outcome is 6-month retention in care. Secondary outcomes include cost-effectiveness and rates of adverse events. The primary analysis will be intention to treat with all eligible men in the denominator and all men retained in care at 6 months in the numerator. The proportions achieving the primary outcome will be compared with a risk ratio, corresponding 95% CI and p value computed using binomial regression accounting for clustering at facility level. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Institutional Review Board of the University of California, Los Angeles and the National Health Sciences Research Council in Malawi have approved the trial protocol. Findings will be disseminated rapidly in national and international forums and in peer-reviewed journals and are expected to provide urgently needed information to other countries and donors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05137210. DATE AND VERSION: 5 May 2023; version 3.
- MeSH
- etické komise - výzkum * MeSH
- kognice * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- úmysl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- protokol klinické studie MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Cieľom štúdie je overenie psychometrických vlastností škál ARIS – Škály zámeru k aktivizmu a radikalizmu. Škála je tvorená ôsmimi položkami, ktoré sýtia 2 faktory: Zámer k aktivizmu AIS a Zámer k radikalizmu RIS. Škála bola administrovaná študentom (n = 946) vo veku od 14 do 21 rokov. Z celkového počtu respondentov bolo 74,0 % žien. Za účelom overenia nástroja bola použitá konfirmačná faktorová analýza CFA, metódou ML, s posudzovaním fit indexov. Spoľahlivosť nástroja bola overená pomocou koeficientov Cronbachova α a McDonaldova ω. Na základe štatistických analýz bolo zistené, že dáta primerane opisujú model, a výsledky podporili dvojfaktorovú štruktúru slovenskej verzie nástroja, χ2 (58) = 94,406; p < 0,002; RMSEA = 0,052 (90 % CI 0,032–0,071); CFI = 0,981 a TLI = 0,982. Reliabilita nástroja bola vysoká a jednotlivým škálam boli namerané nasledovné hodnoty: AIS: α = 0,840, ω = 0,839; RIS: α = 0,820, ω = 0,818. Na základe výsledkov bolo zistené, že slovenská verzia škály ARIS dosahovala primerané psychometrické vlastnosti pre účely výskumu.
The aim of the study is to verify the psychometric properties of the ARIS scales - The Activism and Radicalism Intention Scales. The scale consists of eight items that saturate 2 factors: Activism Intention AIS and Radicalism Intention RIS. The scale was administered to students (n = 946) aged between 14 to 21 years. Of the total number of respondents, 74.0% were women. In order to verify the tool, a confirmatory factor analysis CFA, using the ML method, was used, with assessment of fit indices. The reliability of the tool was verified using Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω coefficients. Based on statistical analyses, it was found that the data adequately describe the model, and the results supported the two-factor structure of the Slovak version of the tool, χ2 (58) = 94.406; p < 0.002; RMSEA = 0.052 (90% CI 0.032-0.071); CFI = 0.981 a TLI = 0.982. The reliability of the tool was high, and the following values were measured for individual scales: AIS: α = 0.840, ω = 0.839; RIS: α = 0.820, ω = 0.818. Based on the results, it was found that the Slovak version of the ARIS scale achieved adequate psychometric properties for research purposes.
- Klíčová slova
- radikalizmus, extrémizmus, ARIS,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý psychologie MeSH
- politický aktivismus MeSH
- psychometrie * metody MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- úmysl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý psychologie MeSH
Objectives: Generation Z, defined as "post-millennial," is considered to be the first generation that could end smoking. The objective is also to take into account the evolutionary aspect of the smoking and attitudes of the Generation Z. The aim of this study was to explore the willingness of Generation Z in Slovakia to comply with the legislation adopted in the field of anti-tobacco policy and to investigate some selected social factors-intention, subjective norm and percevied behavioral control-that contribute to a lower rate of compliance. Methods: Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data on cigarette smoking among 3,557 adolescents (age range 13-15) in 2016 as well as on attitudes towards tobacco use and control measures were used to explore the level of compliance of adolescents with anti-tobacco regulations in Slovakia within the Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). We used the concept of intention as explained in Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour (1985), focusing on the role of subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. Results: We found a decrease in ever smoking, current smoking and frequent smoking. We found that these adolescents start experimenting with dependence-causing substances, such as tobacco, regardless of existing rules. Conclusion: Adolescents were attracted to smoking, although they were aware of health effects of passive smoking, and a vast majority liked smoke-free places. They are also influenced by their peers and parental models.
- MeSH
- emoce MeSH
- kouření cigaret * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- úmysl MeSH
- užívání tabáku * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
2 svazky (201; 299 stran) ; 24 cm
Sborník obsahuje texty, které se zaměřují na různá etická témata, která zohledňují vůli, odpovědnost, motivaci, emoce a jednání. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- emoce MeSH
- etika MeSH
- morálka MeSH
- motivace MeSH
- sociální odpovědnost MeSH
- sociální percepce MeSH
- úmysl MeSH
- vůle MeSH
- Publikační typ
- sborníky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Etika. Morální filozofie
- NLK Obory
- etika, bioetika, lékařská etika
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic caused risks and burdens for health professionals and might result in job leaving intentions. To assess the potential risks, we explored the association of the job leaving intentions with exposure to COVID-19 risk, impact of pandemic management on professional and personal life, and personal coping resources among Slovak dentists in the first wave of the outbreak. Methods: We obtained data from 500 dentists (66.8% females, M/SD = 43.8) registered with the Slovak Chamber of Dentists using an online questionnaire. Data were analysed using logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender. Results: Nearly 40% of dentists reported job leaving intentions after the first wave of the pandemic outbreak. Job leaving intentions were associated with exposure to COVID-19 risks (odds ratios, ORs, varying from 1.6 to 4.7), impact of pandemic management on professional and personal life (Ors from 1.6 to 2.9), and personal coping resources (Ors from 0.4 to 0.6). Conclusion: Better management of exposures to risks and impact on professional and personal life, as well as building better personal coping resources may prevent the loss of a valuable workforce in dental care.
- MeSH
- adaptace psychologická MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie * MeSH
- pracovní uspokojení MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- úmysl MeSH
- zubní lékaři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
AIM: This study aimed to quantify types and frequencies of missed infection control care and to develop a theoretical model for estimating nurses' consensus scores about this form of missed care. DESIGN: A non-experimental research design using self-audit data was selected to collect information about the types and frequencies of missed infection control care from nurses employed in hospitals located in three different countries. Data collection commenced mid-year 2018. METHODS: A multivariate approach was used to apply the consensus scores of 1.911 internationally based nurses in the missed opportunities for maintaining infection control. RESULTS/FINDINGS: Thirteen variables exert direct effects on the nurses' total scores underpinning missed infection control care. These include the methods used to prevent hospital-acquired infections, surveillance and hand hygiene practices. Significant nurses' demographic factors also included their countries of origin, employment status, employer type, job retention intentions, work intensity, length of clinical experience and staff development attendance. CONCLUSION: In magnitude of importance and having the largest effect on missed infection control care is missed care related to reducing hospital-acquired infections followed closely by surveillance. Missed infection control care can be quantified, and variances in its practices can be accounted by exploring the nurses' differing demographic factors, including the nurses' country of origin. IMPACT: Variations in missed infection control care can be accounted for across three countries. While ward hygiene is underestimated by staff as a mechanism to minimize nosocomial infections, infection control surveillance remains the key to reducing hospital-acquired infections. The study's outcomes invite the use of an ongoing, whole-of-organization approach to infection control with scrutiny being needed for improved staff adherence particularly with hand hygiene.
- MeSH
- hygiena rukou * MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kontrola infekce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- personál sesterský nemocniční * MeSH
- úmysl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements.
INTRODUCTION: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in patients with a poor prognosis increases the risk of perception of inappropriate care leading to moral distress in clinicians. We evaluated whether perception of inappropriate CPR is associated with intention to leave the job among emergency clinicians. METHODS: A cross-sectional multi-centre survey was conducted in 24 countries. Factors associated with intention to leave the job were analysed by conditional logistic regression models. Results are expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Of 5099 surveyed emergency clinicians, 1836 (36.0%) were physicians, 1313 (25.7%) nurses, 1950 (38.2%) emergency medical technicians. Intention to leave the job was expressed by 1721 (33.8%) clinicians, 3403 (66.7%) often wondered about the appropriateness of a resuscitation attempt, 2955 (58.0%) reported moral distress caused by inappropriate CPR. After adjustment for other covariates, the risk of intention to leave the job was higher in clinicians often wondering about the appropriateness of a resuscitation attempt (1.43 [1.23-1.67]), experiencing associated moral distress (1.44 [1.24-1.66]) and who were between 30-44 years old (1.53 [1.21-1.92] compared to <30 years). The risk was lower when the clinician felt valued by the team (0.53 [0.42-0.66]), when the team leader acknowledged the efforts delivered by the team (0.61 [0.49-0.75]) and in teams that took time for debriefing (0.70 [0.60-0.80]). CONCLUSION: Resuscitation attempts perceived as inappropriate by clinicians, and the accompanying moral distress, were associated with an increased likelihood of intention to leave the job. Interprofessional collaboration, teamwork, and regular interdisciplinary debriefing were associated with a lower risk of intention to leave the job. ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02356029.
