Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterized by profound and early deficits in social cognition (SC) and executive functions (EF). To date it remains unclear whether deficits of the respective cognitive domains are based on the degeneration of distinct brain regions. In 103 patients with a diagnosis of bvFTD (possible/probable/definite: N = 40/58/5) from the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) consortium Germany cohort (age 62.5±9.4 years, gender 38 female/65 male) we applied multimodal structural imaging, i.e. voxel-based morphometry, cortical thickness (CTH) and networks of structural covariance via source based morphometry. We cross-sectionally investigated associations with performance in a modified Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET; reflective of theory of mind - ToM) and five different tests reflective of EF (i.e. Hamasch-Five-Point Test, semantic and phonemic Fluency, Trail Making Test, Stroop interference). Finally, we investigated the conjunction of RMET correlates with functional networks commonly associated with SC respectively ToM and EF as extracted meta-analytically within the Neurosynth database. RMET performance was mainly associated with gray matter volume (GMV) and CTH within temporal and insular cortical regions and less within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), whereas EF performance was mainly associated with prefrontal regions (GMV and CTH). Overlap of RMET and EF associations was primarily located within the insula, adjacent subcortical structures (i.e. putamen) and the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC). These patterns were more pronounced after adjustment for the respective other cognitive domain. Corroborative results were obtained in analyses of structural covariance networks. Overlap of RMET with meta-analytically extracted functional networks commonly associated with SC, ToM and EF was again primarily located within the temporal and insular region and the dlPFC. In addition, on a meta-analytical level, strong associations were found for temporal cortical RMET correlates with SC and ToM in particular. These data indicate a temporo-frontal dissociation of bvFTD related disturbances of ToM and EF, with atrophy of the anterior temporal lobe being critically involved in ToM deficits. The consistent overlap within the insular cortex may be attributable to the multimodal and integrative role of this region in socioemotional and cognitive processing.

• MeSH
• exekutivní funkce * fyziologie   MeSH
• frontotemporální demence * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální kognice MeSH
• teorie mysli * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

We investigated neural correlates of Emotion Recognition Accuracy (ERA) using the Assessment of Contextualized Emotions (ACE). ACE infuses context by presenting emotion expressions in a naturalistic group setting and distinguishes between accurately perceiving intended emotions (signal), and bias due to perceiving additional, secondary emotions (noise). This social perception process is argued to induce perspective taking in addition to pattern matching in ERA. Thirty participants were presented with an fMRI-compatible adaptation of the ACE consisting of blocks of neutral and emotional faces in single and group-embedded settings. Participants rated the central character's expressions categorically or using scalar scales in consequent fMRI scans. Distinct brain activations were associated with the perception of emotional vs. neutral faces in the four conditions. Moreover, accuracy and bias scores from the original ACE task performed on another day were associated with brain activation during the scalar (vs. categorical) condition for emotional (vs. neutral) faces embedded in group. These findings suggest distinct cognitive mechanisms linked to each type of emotional rating and highlight the importance of considering cognitive bias in the assessment of social emotion perception.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• mapování mozku * MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek * fyziologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• rozpoznání obličeje fyziologie   MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• světelná stimulace metody   MeSH
• výraz obličeje * MeSH
• zkreslení výsledků (epidemiologie) MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Social cognition is a set of mental skills necessary to create satisfactory interpersonal relationships and feel a sense of belonging to a social group. Its deficits significantly reduce the quality of life in people with epilepsy. Studies on social cognition and its impairments focus predominantly on people with focal epilepsies. Idiopathic generalised epilepsies are a group of diseases that share similar clinical, prognostic and electrographic characteristics. Despite their typically normal intelligence, people with Idiopathic generalised epilepsies can suffer from learning disabilities and executive dysfunctions. Current studies also suggest social cognition impairments, but their results are inconsistent. This review offers the latest knowledge of social cognition in adults with Idiopathic generalised epilepsies. In addition, we provide an overview of the most frequently used assessment methods. We explain possible reasons for different outcomes and discuss future research perspectives.

• MeSH
• epilepsie generalizovaná * psychologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• exekutivní funkce fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sociální kognice * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Otherness is a complex and polysemic notion that is conceptualized in both philosophy and psychology. The paper examines otherness as a universal phenomenon of the human psyche that manifests in relation to oneself and interpersonal relationships with others. Philosophical ideas, including those of Hegel, Lévinas and Waldenfels, are introduced as providing essential theoretical background for psychological studies of otherness. The psychological section deals with otherness from various perspectives, with emphasis on internal processes of an individual, drawing on theories within psychoanalytical and intrapsychic traditions, as well as the intersection of otherness and identity. Otherness is introduced as a variable influencing complex individual and social processes, such as the perception of individuals and groups. Finally, a taxonomy of otherness is proposed that reflects the multifaceted nature of the concept and could help navigate the existing literature as well as guide new studies.

• MeSH
• filozofie MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychologická teorie MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• synchronizace,
• MeSH
• empatie fyziologie   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• klokánkování MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mentalizace * fyziologie   MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• rodiče MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• vývoj dítěte MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• novinové články MeSH

This interpretive study explored participants' perceptions of their child's involvement in Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies (EAAT). EAAT is implemented with a horse and is based on the notion that interacting with the horse has positive benefits. Such activity is nearly always reported to have positive effects on the child. Few studies have investigated the perceptions of the parents of their children's participation in horseback riding activities. The purpose of this study is to determine how parents and/or guardians perceive how EAAT impacts their young riders, and the epiphanic ways in which the parents view those changes. Seven parents of participating children were purposefully sampled. Riders included five girls (5-10 years old) and six boys (6-16 years old) with cognitive and/or emotional disabilities including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Autism Spectrum Disorder, Down syndrome, and more. Findings were analyzed through an interpretive lens of epiphany. Participants spoke of the positive ways in which they and their children were accepted, and discussed improvements in children's strength, social development, and specific individual needs. Parents' views of the impact on their children are essential to improving service and advocacy for their children.

• MeSH
• dětská psychologie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postižené děti psychologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• postojová analýza MeSH
• rodiče * psychologie   MeSH
• sociální percepce MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů MeSH
• sport pro děti a mládež MeSH
• sporty pro handicapované MeSH
• terapie využívající koní * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Finding a cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been notoriously challenging for many decades. Therefore, the current focus is mainly on prevention, timely intervention, and slowing the progression in the earliest stages. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms at the beginning of the disease could aid in early diagnosis and intervention, including alleviating symptoms or slowing down the disease progression. Changes in social cognition and progressive parvalbumin (PV) interneuron dysfunction are among the earliest observable effects of AD. Various AD rodent models mimic these early alterations, but only a narrow field of study has considered their mutual relationship. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about PV interneuron dysfunction in AD and emphasize their importance in social cognition and memory. Next, we propose oxytocin (OT) as a potent modulator of PV interneurons and as a promising treatment for managing some of the early symptoms. We further discuss the supporting evidence on its beneficial effects on AD-related pathology. Clinical trials have employed the use of OT in various neuropsychiatric diseases with promising results, but little is known about its prospective impacts on AD. On the other hand, the modulatory effects of OT in specific structures and local circuits need to be clarified in future studies. This review highlights the connection between PV interneurons and social cognition impairment in the early stages of AD and considers OT as a promising therapeutic agent for addressing these early deficits.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * patologie   MeSH
• hipokampus patologie   MeSH
• interneurony MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši transgenní MeSH
• oxytocin MeSH
• parvalbuminy metabolismus   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• sociální kognice MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Sborník obsahuje texty, které se zaměřují na různá etická témata, která zohledňují vůli, odpovědnost, motivaci, emoce a jednání. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• etika MeSH
• morálka MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• sociální odpovědnost MeSH
• sociální percepce MeSH
• úmysl MeSH
• vůle MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Etika. Morální filozofie
• NLK Obory
• etika, bioetika, lékařská etika

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• trestní zákon MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH
• vnímaná diskriminace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The accurate decoding of facial emotion expressions lies at the center of many research traditions in psychology. Much of this research, while paying lip service to the importance of context in emotion perception, has used stimuli that were carefully created to be deprived of contextual information. The participants' task is to associate the expression shown in the face with a correct label, essentially changing a social perception task into a cognitive task. In fact, in many cases, the task can be carried out correctly without engaging emotion recognition at all. The present article argues that infusing context in emotion perception does not only add an additional source of information but changes the way that participants approach the task by rendering it a social perception task rather than a cognitive task. Importantly, distinguishing between accuracy (perceiving the intended emotions) and bias (perceiving additional emotions to those intended) leads to a more nuanced understanding of social emotion perception. Results from several studies that use the Assessment of Contextual Emotions demonstrate the significance and social functionality of simultaneously considering emotion decoding accuracy and bias for social interaction in different cultures, their key personality and societal correlates, and their function for close relationships processes.

• MeSH
• emoce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobnost MeSH
• sociální percepce MeSH
• výraz obličeje * MeSH
• zkreslení výsledků (epidemiologie) MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH