Exposure to environmental conditions that disturb the daily rhythms has been shown to enhance the proinflammatory responses of immunostimulant-challenged immune system. However, it is not known whether circadian disturbances may stimulate unchallenged immune responses and thus contribute per se to the development of inflammation-related diseases. Our aim was to ascertain an effect of various conditions threatening the behavioral activity/rest cycle regulation, namely aging with or without melatonin, 6 h advance/delay phase shifts in the light/dark cycle repeated with a 2-day frequency and constant light, on expression of immune markers in the rat colon. The impact of these conditions on parameters of behavioral activity and mRNA levels of selected immune markers in the colonic mucosa of Wistar rats, namely TNFα (Tnf), IL1a (Il1a), IL17RA (Il17ra), STAT3 (Stat3) and Rgs16 (Rsg16), were detected. Our results demonstrate that aging with or without melatonin as well as repeated 6 h advance/delay phase shifts in the light/dark cycle, which increased inactivity as a correlate of sleep during the dark phase of the light/dark cycle (i.e. during the active phase for nocturnal animals), had a minor effect on immune state in the colonic mucosa; all these conditions caused downregulation of gene Rgs16 which is involved in attenuation of the inflammatory response in the colon but did not affect expression of the other immune markers. Interestingly, a long-term absence of melatonin facilitated the aging-induced effect on immune state in the colon. In contrast, exposure to constant light, which perturbed the interval of inactivity (sleep) and led to the complete abolishment of activity/inactivity cycles, activated robustly proinflammatory state in the colon selectively via Stat3-dependent pathway. In spite all these experimental conditions (aging with or without melatonin, shifts in light/dark cycles, constant light) perturbed the activity/rest cycles, none of them induced sleep deprivation. These results provided the first evidence that disruptions in the behavioral activity/inactivity cycles may spontaneously (without immuno-stimulant) induce selective proinflammatory responses in the colonic mucosa. Such effects may take part in the mechanisms of modern lifestyle-induced inflammatory diseases of the gut. ABBREVIATIONS: B2M: β2-microglobulin; DSS: dextran sodium sulfate; Gapdh: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Ifng: interferon g; Il1a: interleukin 1a; Il1b: interleukin 1b; Il2: interleukin 2; Il6: interleukin 6; Il17ra: interleukin 17 receptor a; LD: light/dark cycle; LL: constant light; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; Mntr1a: melatonin receptor 1a; PINX: pinealectomy; Rgs16: regulator of G protein signaling 16; RT qPCR: quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; Stat3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Th17: type 17 T helper cells; Tnfα: tumor necrosis factor α; Tnfrsf1b: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1b.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie MeSH
- cykly aktivity účinky léků MeSH
- fotoperioda MeSH
- kolon účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- melatonin farmakologie MeSH
- pohybová aktivita účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- spánek účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- spánková deprivace farmakoterapie MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The genus Phodopus consists of three species--P. campbelli (Pc), P. sungorus (Ps), and P. roborovskii (Pr). They inhabit steppes, semi-deserts, and deserts in continental Asia with a climate changing from a moderate to a hard Continental one with extreme daily and seasonal variations. These different environmental challenges are likely to have consequences for hamsters' morphology, physiology, and behavior. Hamsters of all three species were investigated during the course of the year in the laboratory though using natural lighting and temperature conditions. Motor activity and body temperature were measured continuously, and body mass, testes size, and fur coloration every 1-2 weeks. With regard to the pattern of activity, nearly twice as many Pc as Ps hamsters (25 vs. 14%) failed to respond to changes of photoperiod, whereas all Pr hamsters did. Body mass and testes size were high in summer and low in winter, with the biggest relative change in Ps and the lowest in Pr hamsters. Changes of fur coloration were found in Ps hamsters only. All responding animals (that is excluding Pr), exhibited regular torpor bouts during the short winter days. In autumn, seasonal changes started considerably earlier in Ps hamsters. To investigate the putative causes of these different time courses, a further experiment was performed, to identify the critical photoperiod. Hamsters were kept for 10 weeks under different photoperiods, changing from 16 to 8 h light per day. Motor activity was recorded continuously, to identify responding and non-responding animals. Body mass was measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment, testes mass only at the end. The critical photoperiod was found to be similar in all three species. Though in a further experiment, Pc and Pr hamsters showed a delayed response, whereas the changes in Ps hamsters started immediately following transfer to short-day conditions. The results show that interspecific differences in seasonal adaptation exist, even between the closely related Ps and Pc hamsters, possibly due to different conditions in their natural habitat. Also, the impact of environmental factors like climatic conditions and food resources may differ between species.
- MeSH
- barva vlasů MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cykly aktivity MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- fotoperioda MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace MeSH
- křečci praví MeSH
- Phodopus růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- roční období * MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- termoregulace MeSH
- testis růst a vývoj MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- vlasy, chlupy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- křečci praví MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- chronobiologické poruchy * etiologie komplikace metabolismus MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus * fyziologie genetika MeSH
- cykly aktivity * fyziologie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolismus fyziologie genetika MeSH
- nucleus suprachiasmaticus fyziologie MeSH
- obezita etiologie komplikace MeSH
- vliv směnného provozu na zdraví MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- substituční léčba pumpou,
- MeSH
- adrenální insuficience * farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- adrenokortikotropní hormon fyziologie krev sekrece MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
- cykly aktivity * fyziologie MeSH
- glukokortikoidy fyziologie MeSH
- hormonální substituční terapie * metody MeSH
- hydrokortison * aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika fyziologie krev MeSH
- infuzní pumpy MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odběr vzorku krve metody MeSH
- subkutánní infuze MeSH
- systém hypofýza - nadledviny * fyziologie patofyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The heartbeat of diapausing pupae of the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis was investigated using electrocardiographic methods including gravimetry, thermography, and optocardiography. During deep diapause, characterized by minimum metabolic activity, the heart exhibited discontinuous bouts of exclusively unidirectional, anterograde pulsations (40-60 contractions/min) that lasted only a few seconds. These bouts of cardiac pulsations were separated by periods of rest lasting 5-30 min. During infradian peaks of metabolic activity (4-day cycles) that occur throughout diapause, periods of rest were shortened and frequency of the anterograde heartbeat increased more than two-fold. Throughout diapause, the heart consistently exhibited a simple, bi-phasic pattern of pulsations generated by bouts of anterograde heartbeats interspersed with periods of cardiac rest. When the fly broke diapause and initiated pharate adult development, a new tri-phasic pattern was observed: the new pattern incorporated heartbeat reversal, as noted by the appearance of retrograde pulsations that directed hemolymph in a posterior direction. These retrograde heartbeats occurred exclusively in the abdominal portion of the dorsal vessel and were not observed in the head or thorax. The transition to pharate adult development was also accompanied by the appearance of extremely strong extracardiac pulsations that served a respiratory function. Although these pulsations made it more challenging to record heartbeat patterns in pharate adults, we observed progressive shortening of the resting periods and a continual increase in the rate of both anterograde and retrograde pulsations, a trend that was further magnified in the adult fly (anterograde contractions up to 300/min and retrograde contractions approximately 125/min). These results imply that the circulatory function of the heart is homeostatically regulated and is responsive to developmental changes and the diverse metabolic rate demands of larvae, diapausing pupae, pharate adults and adult flies.
- MeSH
- cykly aktivity MeSH
- diapauza hmyzu * MeSH
- hemolymfa fyziologie MeSH
- kukla fyziologie MeSH
- Sarcophagidae růst a vývoj MeSH
- srdeční frekvence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
Selective congruence, namely a pairing of various biospheric cycles of certain frequencies with different environmental ones and further selectivity of phase behavior at the given frequency characterize an ultradian to infradian, prominently circadian transdisciplinary spectrum. Diseases documented among others to be influenced by the cosmos range from individuals' strokes to populations' crime and terrorism, conditions studied by chronomics as time structures (chronomes). Methods of investigation include the extended cosinor allowing for the added estimation of the period with a measure of uncertainty, as well as global and gliding spectral windows complemented by chronobiologic serial sections. These methods estimate, each of them with uncertainties, changes as a function of time in weather on earth and in space on the one hand and in human personal and broader affairs on the other. They further map features of these time structures that may change as a function of time in a logically consistent way. Associations of several biological time series with physical environmental variables are presented herein, as are methods used for their investigation and a statistical assessment of their congruence.
- MeSH
- biofyzikální jevy fyziologie MeSH
- chronobiologie (obor) metody trendy MeSH
- cykly aktivity fyziologie MeSH
- elektromagnetické jevy MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kosmické záření MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezioborová komunikace MeSH
- mimozemské prostředí MeSH
- periodicita MeSH
- sluneční aktivita MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- β-adrenergní receptory, základní srdeční parametry a jejich biorytmy,
- MeSH
- adenylátcyklasy metabolismus MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém MeSH
- beta-adrenergní receptory genetika MeSH
- cykly aktivity MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- genový knockout MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- receptor muskarinový M2 genetika nedostatek MeSH
- regulace genové exprese genetika MeSH
- srdce - funkce komor genetika MeSH
- srdeční frekvence genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- chronobiologické jevy MeSH
- chronobiologické poruchy epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie MeSH
- cykly aktivity MeSH
- fotoperioda MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- úvodníky MeSH
