Introduction: Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) with multiple functionalities are intriguing candidates for various biomedical applications. Materials and Methods: This study introduced a simple and green synthesis of Fe3O4 NPs using a low-cost stabilizer of plant waste extract rich in polyphenols content with a well-known antioxidant property as well as anticancer ability to eliminate colon cancer cells. Herein, Fe3O4 NPs were fabricated via a facile co-precipitation method using the crude extract of Garcinia mangostana fruit peel as a green stabilizer at different weight percentages (1, 2, 5, and 10 wt.%). The samples were analyzed for magnetic hyperthermia and then in vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed. Results: The XRD planes of the samples were corresponding to the standard magnetite Fe3O4 with high crystallinity. From TEM analysis, the green synthesized NPs were spherical with an average size of 13.42±1.58 nm and displayed diffraction rings of the Fe3O4 phase, which was in good agreement with the obtained XRD results. FESEM images showed that the extract covered the surface of the Fe3O4 NPs well. The magnetization values for the magnetite samples were ranging from 49.80 emu/g to 69.42 emu/g. FTIR analysis verified the functional groups of the extract compounds and their interactions with the NPs. Based on DLS results, the hydrodynamic sizes of the Fe3O4 nanofluids were below 177 nm. Furthermore, the nanofluids indicated the zeta potential values up to -34.92±1.26 mV and remained stable during four weeks of storage, showing that the extract favorably improved the colloidal stability of the Fe3O4 NPs. In the hyperthermia experiment, the magnetic nanofluids showed the acceptable specific absorption rate (SAR) values and thermosensitive performances under exposure of various alternating magnetic fields. From results of in vitro cytotoxicity assay, the killing effects of the synthesized samples against HCT116 colon cancer cells were mostly higher compared to those against CCD112 colon normal cells. Remarkably, the Fe3O4 NPs containing 10 wt.% of the extract showed a lower IC50 value (99.80 µg/mL) in HCT116 colon cancer cell line than in CCD112 colon normal cell line (140.80 µg/mL). Discussion: This research, therefore, introduced a new stabilizer of Garcinia mangostana fruit peel extract for the biosynthesis of Fe3O4 NPs with desirable physiochemical properties for potential magnetic hyperthermia and colon cancer treatment.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie MeSH
- buněčná smrt účinky léků MeSH
- difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
- dynamický rozptyl světla MeSH
- Garcinia mangostana chemie MeSH
- hydrodynamika MeSH
- indukovaná hypertermie * MeSH
- inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetické nanočástice chemie ultrastruktura MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- protinádorové látky farmakologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- spektrometrie rentgenová emisní MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- technologie zelené chemie metody MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
One way of satisfying increased market demand and simultaneously achieving a reduced environmental load in the industrial paper production is the use of fibrous agricultural residues. The aims of this study were i) to investigate the effect of alkaline - hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) pre-treatments on the delignification of Miscanthus × giganteus stalks (MGS) and ii) establishing the suitability of MGS as feedstock and their exploitation in pulp and paper manufacturing. It was demonstrated that the proposed treatment is an efficient delignification method for the non-wood fiber sources, such as miscanthus. A significant outcome of this work was the observation that HC treatment preserved the fibres lengths and surface quality of raw MGS, but at the same time increased the amount of kinked and curled fibers present in cavitated miscanthus fibers. The average miscanthus fiber length was found to be relatively short at 0.45 (±0.28) mm, while the slenderness ratio, the flexibility coefficient and Runkel ratio values were calculated to be 28.13, 38.16 and 1.62, respectively. The estimated physical properties of MGS pulp hand-sheets were 24.88 (±3.09) N m g-1 as the tensile index, 0.92 (±0.06) kPa m2 g-1 as the burst index and 4.0 (±0.37) mN m2 g-1 as the tear index. Overall the current work demonstrated effective use of hydrodynamic cavitation for improving the processing in pulp and paper manufacturing.
Sufficient mixing is crucial for the proper performance of anaerobic digestion (AD), creating a homogeneous distribution of soluble substrates, biomass, pH, and temperature. The opaqueness of the sludge and mode of operation make it challenging to study AD mixing experimentally. Therefore, hydrodynamics modelling employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is often used to investigate this mixing. However, CFD models mostly do not include biochemical reactions and, hence, ignore the effect of diffusion-induced transport on AD heterogeneity. The novelty of this work is the partial integration of Anaerobic Digestion Model no. 1 (ADM1) into the CFD model. The aim is to better understand the effect of advection-diffusion transport on the homogenization of soluble substrates and biomass. Furthermore, AD homogeneity analysis in terms of concentration distribution is proposed rather than the traditional velocity distributions. The computed results indicate that including diffusion-induced transport affects the homogeneity of AD.
- MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- bioreaktory MeSH
- difuze MeSH
- hydrodynamika * MeSH
- odpadní vody MeSH
- teoretické modely * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ameloblastin (Ambn) as an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) stands for an important role in the formation of enamel-the hardest biomineralized tissue commonly formed in vertebrates. The human ameloblastin (AMBN) is expressed in two isoforms: full-length isoform I (AMBN ISO I) and isoform II (AMBN ISO II), which is about 15 amino acid residues shorter than AMBN ISO I. The significant feature of AMBN-its oligomerization ability-is enabled due to a specific sequence encoded by exon 5 present at the N-terminal part in both known isoforms. In this study, we characterized AMBN ISO I and AMBN ISO II by biochemical and biophysical methods to determine their common features and differences. We confirmed that both AMBN ISO I and AMBN ISO II form oligomers in in vitro conditions. Due to an important role of AMBN in biomineralization, we further addressed the calcium (Ca2+)-binding properties of AMBN ISO I and ISO II. The binding properties of AMBN to Ca2+ may explain the role of AMBN in biomineralization and more generally in Ca2+ homeostasis processes.
- MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- hydrodynamika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multimerizace proteinu MeSH
- protein - isoformy MeSH
- proteiny vázající vápník chemie metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny zubní skloviny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- spektrální analýza MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- vápník metabolismus MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- vnitřně neuspořádané proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Due to specific physical properties, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is assigned to the powerful technologies for treating the biotic contamination in water including cyanobacteria. Contaminated water stream (CWS) can be cavitated directly by passing through some HC device, or indirectly when high-pressure jet stream (HPJS) is directed against its flow. Relatively small HPJS stream can thus treat a big volume of CWS in a short time or even work in continuous mode. Cyanobacteria floating in the CWS are forced to flow through the mixing cavitation zone. Within 2 h after single HC treatment, cyanobacterial cell suspensions showed disintegration of larger colonies and enhanced biomass sedimentation. Additional pre-treatment of CWS with low amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 33, 66 and 99 μmol/L) enhanced the effect of HC and led to further inhibition of cyanobacterial photosynthesis (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II decreased by up to 60%). The number of cyanobacterial cells in the treated CWS decreased continuously over 48 and 72 h, though some cells remained alive and were able to recover photosynthetic activity. The technique proposed (direction of a HPJS against a CWS and pre-treatment with low H2O2 concentrations) provides (i) effective removal of cells from the water column, and (ii) reduced contamination by organic compounds released from the cells (especially cyanotoxins) as the cell membranes are not destroyed and the cells remain alive. This process shows potential as an effective pre-treatment step in water purification processes related to cyanobacterial contamination.
- MeSH
- čištění vody * MeSH
- hydrodynamika MeSH
- organické látky MeSH
- peroxid vodíku MeSH
- sinice * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Electrophoretic focusing on an inverse electromigration dispersion (EMD) profile is based on a principle different from those of other electrophoretic separation methods. It has already proved its applicability in analytical practice by offering competitive separation performance and sensitivity and specific selectivity. It can be classified as an intermediate between field-driven and equilibrium gradient methods and is therefore interesting from the viewpoint of theory of separation methods. This work presents a comprehensive theoretical description of electrophoretic focusing on an inverse EMD profile comprising properties of the electrolyte system, formed gradients, and focused analyte zones. The separation properties are described in terms of resolution and peak capacity and their dependence on system and analyte properties is discussed from the viewpoint of how the counteracting phenomena of electromigration and dispersion are affected by electric current, voltage, and hydrodynamic and electroosmotic flow. The overall performance of the present method is shown to be comparable with other electrophoretic separation methods like zone electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing.
The study compared the physico-chemical and biological properties of a water-soluble star-like polymer nanomedicine with three micellar nanomedicines formed by self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers differing in their hydrophobic part (statistical, block and thermosensitive block copolymers). All nanomedicines showed a pH-responsive release of the drug, independent on polymer structure. Significant penetration of all polymer nanomedicines into tumor cells in vitro was demonstrated, where the most pronounced effect was observed for statistical- or diblock copolymer-based micellar systems. Tumor accumulation in vivo was dependent on the stability of the nanomedicines in solution, being the highest for the star-like system, followed by the most stable micellar nanomedicines. The star-like polymer nanomedicine showed a superior therapeutic effect. Since the micellar systems exhibited slightly lower systemic toxicity, they may exhibit the same efficacy as the star-like soluble system when administered at equitoxic doses. In conclusion, treatment efficacy of studied nanomedicines was directly controlled by the drug pharmacokinetics, namely by their ability to circulate in the bloodstream for the time needed for effective accumulation in the tumor due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Easy and scalable synthesis together with the direct reconstitution possibility for nanomedicine application made these nanomedicines excellent candidates for further clinical evaluation.
Droplet-based microfluidic devices are now more than ever used for the synthesis of nanoparticles with low polydispersity and well-defined properties suitable for various industrial applications. Very small reaction volumes (microlitre to femtolitre) and short diffusion lengths, provide superior mixing efficiency and heat transport. Both play the dominant role in case of ultra-fast chemical reactions triggered upon reactant mixing, e.g. preparation of colloidal silver by reduction of silver salt. The high sensitivity of these systems to process variables makes otherwise more straightforward batch-wise production prone to suffer from inconsistency and poor reproducibility, which has an adverse effect on the reliability of production and further particle utilisation. This work presents a rigorous description of microfluidic droplet formation, reactant mixing, and nanoparticle synthesis using CFD simulations and experimental methods. The reaction mixture inside of droplets was homogenized in less than 40 milliseconds, which has been confirmed by simulations. Silver nanoparticles produced by droplet-based microfluidic chip showed superior to batch-wise preparation in terms of both particle uniformity and polydispersity.
Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, trigger biodegradation of polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs) bearing pinacol-type boronic ester groups. These NPs may selectively release their cargo, in this case paclitaxel (PTX), at the high levels of ROS present in the intracellular environment of inflamed tissues and most tumors. Purpose: The main objective was to determine anti-tumor efficacy of PTX-loaded ROS-sensitive NPs and to examine whether macrophage infiltration had any impact on treatment efficacy. Methods: NPs were synthesized and their characteristics in the presence of H2O2 were demonstrated. Both confocal microscopy as well as flow cytometry approaches were used to determine degradation of ROS-sensitive NPs. HeLa cells were cultured in vitro and used to establish tumor xenografts in nude mice. In vivo experiments were performed to understand toxicity, biodistribution and anti-tumor efficacy of the NPs. Moreover, we performed immunohistochemistry on tumor sections to study infiltration of M1 and M2 subsets of macrophages. Results: We demonstrated that PTX delivered in NPs containing a ROS-sensitive polymer exhibits a better anti-tumor efficacy than PTX in NPs containing ROS-non-sensitive polymer, free PTX or Abraxane® (nab-PTX). The biodistribution revealed that ROS-sensitive NPs exhibit retention in liver, spleen and lungs, suggesting a potential to target cancer metastasizing to these organs. Finally, we demonstrated a correlation between infiltrated macrophage subsets and treatment efficacy, possibly contributing to the efficient anti-tumor effects. Conclusion: Treatment with ROS-sensitive NPs containing PTX gave an improved therapeutic effect in HeLa xenografts than their counterpart, free PTX or nab-PTX. Our data revealed a correlation between macrophage infiltration and efficiency of the different antitumor treatments, as the most effective NPs resulted in the highest infiltration of the anti-tumorigenic M1 macrophages.
- MeSH
- albuminy farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- hydrodynamika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágy účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- myši nahé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory farmakoterapie MeSH
- nanočástice terapeutické užití MeSH
- paclitaxel farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- paklitaxel vázaný na albumin terapeutické užití MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- tkáňová distribuce účinky léků MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Small molecule Toll-like receptor-7 and -8 agonists (TLR-7/8a) can be used as vaccine adjuvants to induce CD8 T cell immunity but require formulations that prevent systemic toxicity and focus adjuvant activity in lymphoid tissues. Here, we covalently attached TLR-7/8a to polymers of varying composition, chain architecture and hydrodynamic behavior (∼300 nm submicrometer particles, ∼10 nm micelles and ∼4 nm flexible random coils) and evaluated how these parameters of polymer-TLR-7/8a conjugates impact adjuvant activity in vivo. Attachment of TLR-7/8a to any of the polymer compositions resulted in a nearly 10-fold reduction in systemic cytokines (toxicity). Moreover, both lymph node cytokine production and the magnitude of CD8 T cells induced against protein antigen increased with increasing polymer-TLR-7/8a hydrodynamic radius, with the submicrometer particle inducing the highest magnitude responses. Notably, CD8 T cell responses induced by polymer-TLR-7/8a were dependent on CCR2+ monocytes and IL-12, whereas responses by a small molecule TLR-7/8a that unexpectedly persisted in vaccine-site draining lymph nodes (T1/2 = 15 h) had less dependence on monocytes and IL-12 but required Type I IFNs. This study shows how modular properties of synthetic adjuvants can be chemically programmed to alter immunity in vivo through distinct immunological mechanisms.
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická aplikace a dávkování chemie farmakologie MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů * MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- cytokiny metabolismus MeSH
- hydrodynamika MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- micely * MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- toll-like receptor 7 agonisté MeSH
- toll-like receptor 8 agonisté MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
