Ictal central apnoea is a feature of focal temporal seizures. It is implicated as a risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Here we study seizure-related apnoeas in two different models of experimental seizures, one chronic and one acute, in adult genetically-unmodified rats, to determine mechanisms of seizure-related apnoeas. Under general anaesthesia rats receive sensors for nasal temperature, hippocampal and/or neocortical potentials, and ECG or EMG for subsequent tethered video-telemetry. Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), injected into hippocampus during surgery, induces a chronic epileptic focus. Other implanted rats receive intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to evoke acute seizures. In chronically epileptic rats, convulsive seizures cause apnoeas (9.9 ± 5.3 s; 331 of 730 convulsive seizures in 15 rats), associated with bradyarrhythmias. Absence of EEG and ECG biomarkers exclude obstructive apnoeas. All eight TeNT-rats with diaphragm EMG have apnoeas with no evidence of obstruction, and have apnoea EMGs significantly closer to expiratory relaxation than inspiratory contraction during pre-apnoeic respiration, which we term "atonic diaphragm". Consistent with atonic diaphragm is that the pre-apnoeic nasal airflow is expiration, as it is in human ictal central apnoea. Two cases of rat sudden death occur. One, with telemetry to the end, reveals a lethal apnoea, the other only has video during the final days, which reveals cessation of breathing shortly after the last clonic epileptic movement. Telemetry following acute systemic PTZ reveals repeated seizures and seizure-related apnoeas, culminating in lethal apnoeas; ictal apnoeas are central - in 8 of 35 cases diaphragms initially contract tonically for 8.5 ± 15.0 s before relaxing, in the 27 remaining cases diaphragms are atonic throughout apnoeas. All terminal apnoeas are atonic. Differences in types of apnoea due to systemic PTZ in rats (mainly atonic) and mice (tonic) are likely species-specific. Certain genetic mouse models have apnoeas caused by tonic contraction, potentially due to expression of epileptogenic mutations throughout the brain, including in respiratory centres, in contrast with acquired focal epilepsies. We conclude that ictal apnoeas in the rat TeNT model result from atonic diaphragms. Relaxed diaphragms could be particularly helpful for therapeutic stimulation of the diaphragm to help restore respiration.
- MeSH
- apnoe patofyziologie MeSH
- bránice * patofyziologie MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- pentylentetrazol toxicita MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- relaxace svalu fyziologie MeSH
- tetanový toxin toxicita MeSH
- záchvaty * patofyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Pediatric blood pressure (BP) assessment and management is increasingly important. Uncontrolled systolic and combined hypertension leads to hypertension-mediated organ damage. The impact of isolated diastolic hypertension is less clearly understood. METHODS: We analyzed the prevalence of ambulatory isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) in primary (PH) and secondary (SH) hypertension, and associations with BMI Z-score (BMIz) and left ventricular mass index adjusted to the 95th percentile (aLVMI) in a large, multicenter cohort of hypertensive children. Hypertensive children were divided and analyzed in three ambulatory hypertension subgroups: 24-h, daytime, and nighttime. Specifically, we sought to determine the prevalence of ambulatory 24-h, daytime, or nighttime IDH. RESULTS: Prevalence of IDH varied based on ambulatory phenotypes, ranging from 6 to 12%, and was highest in children with SH. Children with IDH tended to be more likely female and, in some cases, were leaner than those with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Despite previous pediatric studies suggesting no strong association between diastolic blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), we observed that children with IDH were equally likely to have LVH and had comparable aLVMI to those with ISH and combined systolic-diastolic hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, ambulatory IDH appears to be a unique phenotype with a female sex, and younger age predilection, but equal risk for LVH in children with either PH or SH.
- MeSH
- ambulantní monitorování krevního tlaku * MeSH
- diastola MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hypertenze * epidemiologie diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- hypertrofie levé komory srdeční * epidemiologie etiologie diagnóza MeSH
- krevní tlak * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Cílem této screeningové prevalenční studie bylo vyhodnotit funkci svalů pánevního dna (SPD) a výskyt dysmenorey v populaci žen u rodiček a nerodiček. V rámci vyhodnocení funkce SPD byla sledována jejich vytrvalostní, rychlostní složka a schopnost relaxace. Součástí této studie bylo také zhodnocení zkušeností žen se cvičením SPD, výskyt dysmenorey a endometriózy. Do výzkumného souboru bylo zařazeno celkem 362 žen, z nichž 297 (82 %) tvořily rodičky a 65 žen (18 %) nerodičky. Průměrný věk výzkumného souboru byl 37,4 ± 9,9 let. Měření a sběr dat byly realizovány na pracovištích nestátního zdravotnického zařízení REHASPRING centra v Praze. K získání výzkumných dat byl použit protokol gynekologicko-urologického konceptu Palascakova Pelvic Approach (PPA) pro ženy. Pro vyhodnocení funkce SPD byla použita škála PERFECT-SM-R. Hodnoty funkce SPD byly zaznamenány na základě vyšetření per vaginam a biofeedbacku funkce SPD pomocí 2D ultrazvuku. Dle výsledků analýzy dat dosáhlo normy funkce vytrvalostních kontrakcí SPD pouze 53 % zkoumaných žen v poloze vleže na zádech a 60 % žen v poloze ve stoji. Pro rychlostní kontrakce stanovenou normu splňovalo 55 % žen v poloze vleže na zádech a 59 % žen ve stoji. Dysmenorea, častý příznak endometriózy, se přitom objevuje u téměř poloviny žen (48 %), převážně u nerodiček (74 %). Endometriózu, její symptomy a důsledky nezná > polovina žen (53 %) z našeho výzkumného souboru. Se cvičením SPD uvedlo zkušenost pouze necelých 20 % žen.
The aim of this screening prevalence study was to evaluate pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function and the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in a population of parturient and non-parturient women. The PFM function was evaluated for its endurance, speed component, and ability to relax. This study also included evaluation of women‘s experience with PFM exercises, and the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and endometriosis. A total of 362 women were included in the study population, of which 297 (82%) were parturients and 65 women (18%) were non-parturients. The mean age of the study population was 37.4 ± 9.8 years. Measurements and data collection were performed at the workplaces of the non-state medical facility REHASPRING centre in Prague. The protocol of the gynaecological-urological concept of Palascak Pelvic Approach (PPA) for women was used to obtain the research data. The PERFECT-SM-R scale was used to evaluate the PFM function. PFM function values were recorded by per vaginam examination and biofeedback of PFM function using 2D ultrasound. According to the results of the data analysis, only 53% of the women studied in the supine position and 60% of the women in the standing position achieved the norm of the PFM endurance contraction function. For velocity contractions, 55% of the women in the supine position and 59% of the women in the standing position met the established norm. Dysmenorrhoea, a common symptom of endometriosis, is present in almost half of the women (48%), mostly in non-parents (74%). More than half of the women (53%) in our study group were unaware of the symptoms and the consequences of endometriosis. Only less than 20% of the women reported experience of PFM exercises.
Článek je zaměřen na hodnocení efektu Jacobsonovy progresivní relaxace na kardiální autonomní nervový systém pomocí ukazatelů variability srdeční frekvence u zdravých probandů. Z výsledků studie plyne, že došlo ke staticky významnému zvýšení časového ukazatele variability srdeční frekvence „R–R intervaly“ po aplikaci Jacobsonovy progresivní svalové relaxace. To naznačuje počínající relaxační efekt Jacobsonovy progresivní svalové relaxace na autonomní nervový systém.
The article evaluates the effect of the Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation on the autonomic nervous system by the indices of heart rate variability in healthy probands. The study showed a statistically significant increase of time index of heart rate variability “R–R intervals” immediately after the application of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation were. This indicates a beginning vagal effect of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation had on cardiac autonomic regulation.
- Klíčová slova
- Jacobsonova progresivní svalová relaxace,
- MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- relaxace svalu MeSH
- relaxační terapie MeSH
- spektrální analýza MeSH
- srdeční frekvence * fyziologie MeSH
- určení tepové frekvence MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Cíl: Cílem této studie bylo prozkoumat účinek polykacího cvičení v kombinaci s Bensonovou relaxací na polykací schopnost u pacientů s cévní mozkovou příhodou. Design: Kvazi-experimentální studie. Metodika: K měření účinku polykacího cvičení v kombinaci s Bensonovou relaxací na polykací schopnost u pacientů s cévní mozkovou příhodou byla použita analyticko-kvantitativní a kvazi-experimentální metoda (předtestový a posttestový design). Skupina respondentů byla vybrána technikou postupného odběru vzorků. Na základě vzorce Lemeshow bylo do této studie zapojeno celkem 20 respondentů, kteří splnili kritéria pro zařazení. Schopnost polykání byla měřena pomocí Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS). Data byla zpracována pomocí programu SPSS 24.0 a analyzována pomocí t-testu párového statistického vzorce. Studie byla provedena ve všeobecné nemocnici Dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya mezi 3. srpnem a 10. prosincem 2021. Výsledky: Byl signifikantní rozdíl v polykací schopnosti před a po intervenci, od průměrného ± SD skóre 8,60 ± 4,21 do 15,70 ± 4,00. Hladina významnosti je potvrzena p-hodnotou = 0,0005. Závěr: Tato studie ukazuje, že kombinace polykacího cvičení a Bensonovy relaxace má silný vliv na zlepšení polykací schopnosti u pacientů s cévní mozkovou příhodou. Výzkum prokázal, že sestry potřebují provádět komplexní ošetřovatelské intervence kombinováním polykacích cvičení a Bensonovy relaxace u pacientů po cévní mozkové příhodě, a to jak v nemocnici, tak u pacienta doma se zapojením rodiny.
Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of swallowing exercise in combination with Benson relaxation on swallowing ability in stroke patients. Design: Quasi-Experimental Study. Methods: Analytic quantitative with quasi-experimental (pre-test and post-test design) was used to measure the effect of swallowing exercise in combination with Benson relaxation on swallowing ability among stroke patients. The sampling method was carried out by consecutive sampling technique. Based on the Lemeshow sample formula, a total of 20 respondents who met the inclusion criteria were involved in this study. Swallowing ability was measured by the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS). The data collected were processed with SPSS version 24.0, and analyzed by the statistical formula paired t-test. The study was conducted at the general hospital of Dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya between August 3rd and December 10th 2021. Results: There was a significant difference in swallowing ability before and after the intervention, from the mean ± SD score 8.60 ± 4.21 to 15.70 ± 4.00. The significance level is confirmed with a p-value = 0.0005. Conclusions: This study shows that the combination of swallowing exercise and Benson relaxation has a strong effect on improving the swallowing ability of stroke patients. This study indicates that nurses need to conduct comprehensive nursing interventions by combining swallowing exercise and Benson relaxation among stroke patients, both in the hospital and at the patient's home by involving the family.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pacienti MeSH
- polykání MeSH
- poruchy polykání * rehabilitace MeSH
- rehabilitace po cévní mozkové příhodě * metody MeSH
- relaxace svalu MeSH
- relaxační terapie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
PURPOSE: Echocardiography is a common tool for cardiac and hemodynamic assessments in critical care research. However, interpretation (and applications) of results and between-study comparisons are often difficult due to the lack of certain important details in the studies. PRICES (Preferred Reporting Items for Critical care Echocardiography Studies) is a project endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and conducted by the Echocardiography Working Group, aiming at producing recommendations for standardized reporting of critical care echocardiography (CCE) research studies. METHODS: The PRICE panel identified lists of clinical and echocardiographic parameters (the "items") deemed important in four main areas of CCE research: left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions, right ventricular function and fluid management. Each item was graded using a critical index (CI) that combined the relative importance of each item and the fraction of studies that did not report it, also taking experts' opinion into account. RESULTS: A list of items in each area that deemed essential for the proper interpretation and application of research results is recommended. Additional items which aid interpretation were also proposed. CONCLUSION: The PRICES recommendations reported in this document, as a checklist, represent an international consensus of experts as to which parameters and information should be included in the design of echocardiography research studies. PRICES recommendations provide guidance to scientists in the field of CCE with the objective of providing a recommended framework for reporting of CCE methodology and results.
OBJECTIVES: Dysfunctions in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) levels can occur owing to poor muscle coordination, contraction, or relaxation. Such condition can possibly be addressed by functional rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to measure pressure changes in the UES and LES at rest and during routine rehabilitation techniques, that is, cervical manual traction and trunk stabilization maneuver. METHODS: This study was conducted in a University Hospital Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center. Cervical manual traction and a trunk stabilization maneuver were performed in a convenient group of 54 adult patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. High-resolution manometry was used to measure pressure changes in the LES and UES at rest and during manual cervical traction and trunk stabilization maneuver. RESULTS: Average initial resting UES pressure was 90.91 mmHg. A significant decrease was identified during both cervical traction (average UES pressure = 42.13 mmHg, P < .001) and trunk stabilization maneuver (average UES pressure = 62.74 mmHg, P = .002). The average initial resting LES pressure was 14.31 mmHg. A significant increase in LES pressure was identified both during cervical traction (average LES pressure = 21.39 mmHg, P < .001) and during the trunk stabilization maneuver, (average pressure = 24.09 mmHg, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Cervical traction and trunk stabilization maneuvers can be used to decrease pressure in the UES and increase LES pressure in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
- MeSH
- dolní jícnový svěrač fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gastroezofageální reflux patofyziologie rehabilitace MeSH
- horní jícnový svěrač fyziologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly inervace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manipulace spinální metody MeSH
- manometrie metody MeSH
- relaxace svalu fyziologie MeSH
- tlak MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Východisko: Svalová relaxácia je aktívny proces vyžadujúci mozgovú aktiváciu podobne ako svalová kontrakcia. Znížená schopnosť intrakortikálnej inhibície predlžuje čas svalovej relaxácie, čo spomaľuje pohyb. Kvalitu pohybu zhoršuje aj nedostatočná relaxácia svalov, ktoré k pohybu nie sú potrebné, čo sa vyskytuje u menej skúsených športovcov a hudobníkov. Metódy: Infračervenou termografiou sme porovnávali svalovú relaxáciu po tréningu vzpieračskej disciplíny nadhod u dvoch dlhodobo trénujúcich športovcov rôznej vekovej kategórie (45 a 65 rokov), mladší športovec bol amatér, starší profesionál. Záťažou spôsobený zvýšený svalový tonus sa prejaví znížením teploty, naopak pri relaxácii teplota stúpa. Relaxáciu sme hodnotili priebehom teplotných zmien v jednotlivých regiónoch bezprostredne po tréningu, po 15 a 30 min. Výsledky: U oboch športovcov sme v hodnotených regiónoch zaznamenali krátko po tréningu pokles teplotnej aktivity, k podstatne väčšiemu poklesu došlo u amatérskeho športovca. Príčinou môže byť nedostatočne potlačená kokontrakcia antagonistov, zatiaľ čo profesionálny športovec dokázal relaxovať svaly nepotrebné k výkonu. Priebeh teplotných kriviek po 15 a 30 min je opačný, u mladšieho stúpa a u staršieho klesá. Svedčí to o zhoršenej relaxácii u staršieho športovca, čo môže súvisieť so zníženou schopnosťou intrakortikálnej inhibície v súvislosti s vekom. Záver: Správna svalová relaxácia je nevyhnutnou podmienkou hladkého a efektívneho pohybu. Predĺžená relaxácia svalov sa u seniorov vyskytuje nielen bezprostredne po vykonanom pohybe, ale aj v odstupe 30 min.
Background: Muscular relaxation is an active process that requires brain activation similar to muscle contraction. Decreased ability of intracortical inhibition prolongs the time of muscle relaxation, which slows down movement. The quality of movement is also compromised by insufficient relaxation of muscles that are not necessary for movement, which occurs in less experienced athletes and musicians. Methods: We used infrared thermography to compare muscle relaxation after weightlifting training discipline of two long-term athletes aged 45 and 65. The younger athlete was an amateur, the older one was a professional. Load-induced increase of muscle tone is manifested by a decrease in temperature, while during relaxation the temperature rises. Relaxation was evaluated by the course of temperature changes in individual regions immediately after training, after 15 and 30 minutes. Results: Body temperature changes were observed in both sportsmen in the evaluated regions shortly after training. A significantly larger decrease was discovered in the amateur sportsman. The reason may be insufficiently suppressed co-contraction of antagonists, while the professional athlete was able to relax muscles unnecessary for performance. The course of temperature curves after 15 and 30 minutes is reversed. The curve rises in the younger sportsman rises and decreases in the older one. This indicates an impaired relaxation in the older athlete, which may be related to a reduced ability of intracortical inhibition associated with age. Conclusion: Proper muscle relaxation is a necessary condition of smooth and effective movement. Long-term benefits of muscular relaxation occur in older people not only immediately after the exercise, but also at the interval of 30 minutes.
- MeSH
- analgezie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- anestezie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH
- kožní testy MeSH
- léková alergie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci anu chirurgie MeSH
- paralýza chemicky indukované farmakoterapie komplikace terapie MeSH
- poruchy vědomí chemicky indukované farmakoterapie komplikace terapie MeSH
- relaxace svalu účinky léků MeSH
- sufentanil aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH