Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a vector borne disease caused by apicomplexans protists Babesia caballi (Nuttal et Strickland, 1910) and Theileria equi (Laveran, 1901). Carrier mares may transmit the infection transplacental resulting in neonatal piroplasmosis or abortions. This event has been described for T. equi by several authors over the world, but no evidence for B. caballi has been reported in Europe. In this study, vertical transmission for both parasites in an Italian breed mare has been confirmed using molecular and microscopic tools. Transplacental transmission is an underestimated problem mainly in endemic areas as it not only contributes to the spread and maintenance of the infection, but also produces significant economic losses.

• MeSH
• Babesia * MeSH
• babezióza * parazitologie   MeSH
• koně MeSH
• nemoci koní * parazitologie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Theileria * MeSH
• theilerióza * epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH

Theileria equi and Babesia caballi are protozoan agents causing equine piroplasmosis, endemic in countries all over the world. The aim of this study was to detect antibodies to T. equi and B. caballi in horses in the Czech Republic and to investigate the origin of the infection. Blood sera from 711 horses were examined with competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; positive samples were verified with indirect fluorescence immunoassay. Antibodies to T. equi and B. caballi were detected in eight (1.1%) and three (0.4%) horses, respectively. Infection with T. equi was confirmed by PCR and sequencing in the blood of five serologically positive horses. An autochthonous origin of T. equi infection could not be excluded in two (0.3%) horses. Intensive movement of horses across European countries and the expanding occurrence of competent tick vector Dermacentor reticulatus in the Czech Republic create an increasing risk of establishing active foci of equine piroplasmosis in the country.

• MeSH
• Babesia * genetika   MeSH
• babezióza * epidemiologie   MeSH
• koně MeSH
• nemoci koní * epidemiologie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• Theileria * genetika   MeSH
• theilerióza * epidemiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Piroplasmosis caused by different tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasites of the genera Theileria and Babesia is among the most economically important infections of domestic ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. A survey for piroplasm infection was conducted in three locations in Northern Ethiopia. Of 525 domestic ruminants surveyed, 80% of the cattle, 94% of the sheep and 2% of the goats were positive for different Theileria spp. based on PCR of blood followed by DNA sequencing. Sheep had a significantly higher rate of infection compared with cattle (P<0.0003) and both sheep and cattle had higher rates of infection compared to goats (P<0.0001). Four species of Theileria were detected in cattle: T. velifera, T. mutans, T. orientalis complex and T. annulata with infection rates of 66, 8, 4, and 2%, respectively. This is the first report of T. annulata, the cause of Tropical Theileriosis in Ethiopia. Of the two Theileria spp. detected in small ruminants, T. ovis was highly prevalent (92%) in sheep and rare in goats (1.5%) whereas T. seperata was infrequent in sheep (2%) and rare in goats (0.4%). None of the animals were positive for Babesia spp.; however, Sarcocystis capracanis and S. tenella were detected in one goat and a sheep, respectively. The widespread distribution of Theileria spp. among cattle in northern Ethiopia including the virulent T. annulata and more mildly pathogenic T. mutans and T. orientalis, and the high infection rate in sheep with the usually sub-clinical T. ovis indicate extensive exposure to ticks and transmission of piroplasms with an important economic impact.

• MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata parazitologie   MeSH
• kozy MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• přežvýkavci parazitologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 18S genetika   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• Theileria genetika   MeSH
• theilerióza diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Etiopie MeSH

Microscopic diagnosis of equine piroplasmoses, caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, is hindered by low parasitaemia during the latent phase of the infections. However, this constraint can be overcome by the application of PCR followed by sequencing. Out of 288 animals examined, the piroplasmid DNA was detected in 78 (27·1%). Multiplex PCR indicated that T. equi (18·8%) was more prevalent than B. caballi (7·3%), while mixed infections were conspicuously absent. Sequences of 69 PCR amplicons obtained by the 'catch-all' PCR were in concordance with those amplified by the multiplex strategy. Computed minimal adequate model analyses for both equine piroplasmid species separately showed a significant effect of host species and age in the case of T. equi, while in the B. caballi infections only the correlation with host sex was significant. Phylogenetic analyses inferred the occurrence of three genotypes of T. equi and B. caballi. Moreover, a novel genotype C of B. caballi was identified. The dendrogram based on obtained sequences of T. equi revealed possible speciation events. The infections with T. equi and B. caballi are enzootic in all ecozones of Jordan and different genotypes circulate wherever dense horse population exists.

• MeSH
• Babesia klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• babezióza epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Equidae parazitologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• koně MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• multiplexová polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci koní epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• parazitemie veterinární   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• protozoální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• Theileria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• theilerióza epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jordánsko MeSH

DNA of two species of piroplasmids was detected in dromedaries during a survey of blood protozoans in Jordan between 2007 and 2009. Ten clinically healthy camels (10%) originating from three Jordanian districts were found, using a PCR assay, to harbor Theileria or Babesia species in their blood and no mix infection was determined. Analysis of the partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of these parasites allowed their unambiguous identification as equine piroplasmids Babesia caballi (n=6) and Theileria equi (n=4). In case of latter species, a novel genotype was found in horses. This first molecular-based species determination of piroplasmids from camels further contributes to the growing evidence of low host specificity of piroplasmids.

• MeSH
• Babesia klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• babezióza diagnóza   epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• koně MeSH
• nemoci koní epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární   MeSH
• Theileria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• theilerióza diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• velbloudi parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jordánsko MeSH

Distribution of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Ehrlichia ruminantium, was for the first time studied in Bié Province, central Angola. We examined 76 blood samples of cattle originated from seven farms, and 13 blood samples of goats from two farms employing molecular genetic tools (PCR). Most prevalent was A. ovis-infection in goats (100%) and A. marginale-infection in cattle (38% of examined animals, and six out of seven farms). B. bigemina-infection was detected in only one specimen at Andulo, whereas B. bovis was not detected in Bié. We did not detected T. parva, the causative agent of serious diseases in cattle; nevertheless, infection by T. velifera was quite frequent (14% of examined animals, and five out of seven farms). Causative agent of heartwater disease - E. ruminantium, was not detected. Taking into account short-term perspective of PCR methods in monitoring of epidemiological status in herds, the number of infected animals and distribution of detected pathogens should not be ignored.

• MeSH
• Anaplasma genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• anaplasmóza epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Babesia genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• babezióza epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• DNA bakterií krev   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kozy MeSH
• nemoci koz epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• nemoci přenášené klíšťaty epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci skotu epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární   MeSH
• protozoální DNA krev   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• skot MeSH
• Theileria genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• theilerióza epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Angola MeSH