BACKGROUND: Avian cryptosporidiosis is a common parasitic disease that is caused by five species, which are well characterised at the molecular and biological level, and more than 18 genotypes for which we have limited information. In this study, we determined the occurrence and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. in farmed ostriches in the Czech Republic. METHODS: The occurrence and genetic identity of Cryptosporidium spp. were analysed by microscopy and PCR/sequencing of the small subunit rRNA, actin, HSP70 and gp60 genes. Cryptosporidium avian genotype II was examined from naturally and experimentally infected hosts and measured using differential interference contrast. The localisation of the life-cycle stages was studied by electron microscopy and histologically. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium avian genotype II for cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus (Kerr)), chickens (Gallus gallus f. domestica (L.)), geese (Anser anser f. domestica (L.)), SCID and BALB/c mice (Mus musculus L.) was verified. RESULTS: A total of 204 individual faecal samples were examined for Cryptosporidium spp. using differential staining and PCR/sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of small subunit rRNA, actin, HSP70 and gp60 gene sequences showed the presence of Cryptosporidium avian genotype II (n = 7) and C. ubiquitum Fayer, Santín & Macarisin, 2010 IXa (n = 5). Only ostriches infected with Cryptosporidium avian genotype II shed oocysts that were detectable by microscopy. Oocysts were purified from a pooled sample of four birds, characterised morphometrically and used in experimental infections to determine biological characteristics. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium avian genotype II measure on average 6.13 × 5.15 μm, and are indistinguishable by size from C. baileyi Current, Upton & Haynes, 1986 and C. avium Holubová, Sak, Horčičková, Hlásková, Květoňová, Menchaca, McEvoy & Kváč, 2016. Cryptosporidium avian genotype II was experimentally infectious for geese, chickens and cockatiels, with a prepatent period of four, seven and eight days post-infection, respectively. The infection intensity ranged from 1000 to 16,000 oocysts per gram. None of the naturally or experimentally infected birds developed clinical signs in the present study. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular and biological characteristics of Cryptosporidium avian genotype II, described here, support the establishment of a new species, Cryptosporidium ornithophilus n. sp.
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium klasifikace genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- klasifikace MeSH
- kryptosporidióza parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci ptáků parazitologie MeSH
- protozoální geny genetika MeSH
- ptáci parazitologie MeSH
- stadia vývoje MeSH
- Struthioniformes parazitologie MeSH
- taxonomické DNA čárové kódování veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Long-tailed chinchillas Chinchilla lanigera are popular rodent species kept both in households, where they are hand-raised as pets, and in zoological facilities. From January 2016 to February 2017, 13 juvenile chinchillas from five facilities in Japan were diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis at the animal hospital. Eight of the cases were fatal. All of the animals were imported from the Czech Republic by the same vendor. Histopathological and multilocus sequence analyses using 18S ribosomal RNA, actin, 70-kDa heat shock protein, and 60-kDa glycoprotein genes confirmed Cryptosporidium ubiquitum of subtype XIId as the etiological agent. Multilocus analysis demonstrated the presence of two new sequence types closely related to the C. ubiquitum Xlld strain isolated from a human in the USA. This study indicated that potentially zoonotic Cryptosporidium is widespread and may have caused a high number of deaths among imported juvenile chinchillas.
- MeSH
- činčila parazitologie MeSH
- Cryptosporidium genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- importované infekce epidemiologie mortalita parazitologie MeSH
- kryptosporidióza epidemiologie mortalita patologie přenos MeSH
- multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
- objevující se infekční nemoci epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- protozoální DNA genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- zoonózy epidemiologie parazitologie přenos MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Japonsko MeSH
Five of the 13 known species of Mammomonogamus have been described in members of the family Felidae, including domestic cats, making felids the most frequent hosts of Mammomonogamus. The occurrence of Mammomonogamus in felids is geographically scattered and information on the life cycle and other aspects of infections is lacking. The paucity of data opens the questions on possible conspecificity of some of the described species of Mammomonogamus and on the existence of possible reservoirs for infections in domestic cats in geographically isolated endemic foci of infection. To test such hypotheses, we compared sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear markers obtained from Mammomonogamus adults or eggs collected from domestic cats in three geographically distant localities. Based on morphology, geographic origin and site of infection, the worms examined can be referred to as Mammomonogamus ierei and Mammomonogamus auris. Phylogenetic analyses of both mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA markers showed monophyly of the genus Mammomonogamus and suggested the existence of at least two species in cats. Review of the literature, the existence of several species and the discontinuous geographic distribution of Mammomonogamus infections in domestic cats suggest an historical spillover of infection from wild reservoirs, presumably wild felids.
- MeSH
- divoká zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- Felidae parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- infekce hlísticemi řádu Strongylida veterinární MeSH
- kočky parazitologie MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA genetika MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat MeSH
- Strongyloidea klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zdroje nemoci parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- zeměpis MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky parazitologie MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
A molecular screening for tick-borne pathogens was carried out in engorged and in questing ticks collected in Verbano Cusio Ossola county, Piemonte region, Italy. Engorged ticks were removed from wild and domestic animal hosts. The most abundant and common tick species in the area was Ixodes ricinus (192 adults, 907 nymphs). Few individuals of Ixodes hexagonus (15) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (7) were found among the ticks removed from domestic animals (46 examined ticks). The presence of Rickettsia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu, Francisella tularensis and Coxiella burnetii was evaluated by PCR and sequencing in 392 individuals of I. ricinus (adult and nymphal stages) and 22 individuals of the two other tick species. Five Borrelia species (i.e. B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, B. afzelii, B. valaisiana and B. lusitaniae), proved or suspected to cause clinical manifestations of Lyme disease in humans, showed 10.5 and 2.2% combined prevalence in questing and engorged I. ricinus, respectively. In addition, two species of rickettsiae (R. helvetica and R. monacensis) were identified and reported with 14.5 and 24.8% overall prevalence in questing and in engorged ticks. The prevalence of F. tularensis in the ticks collected on two wild ungulate species (Capreolus capreolus and Cervus elaphus) was 5.7%. This work provided further data and broadened our knowledge on bacterial pathogens present in ticks in Northwest Italy.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace MeSH
- divoká zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- fyziologie bakterií * MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- klíště růst a vývoj mikrobiologie MeSH
- larva růst a vývoj mikrobiologie MeSH
- nymfa růst a vývoj mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- Rhipicephalus sanguineus růst a vývoj mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Itálie MeSH
This study investigated the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in farmed fur animals in the Czech Republic and Poland. A total of 480 faecal samples were collected from fur animals, including 300 American mink (Mustela vison), 60 silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 50 long-tailed chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera), and 70 nutrias (Myocastor coypus), at 14 farms. Samples were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium using microscopy (following aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining) and sequence analysis of PCR amplified products. Three mink and two chinchillas from two different farms tested positive for Cryptosporidium ubiquitum DNA. The presence of C. ubiquitum DNA was not associated with diarrhoea. Subtyping of C. ubiquitum isolates by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene showed that isolates belonged to the XIIa subtype family, which was previously restricted to humans and ruminants. This suggests that C. ubiquitum subtype XIIa has a broader host range than previously reported.
- MeSH
- činčila parazitologie MeSH
- Cryptosporidium klasifikace genetika MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- lišky parazitologie MeSH
- norek parazitologie MeSH
- protozoální DNA genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
BACKGROUND: Human visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani is considered an anthroponosis; however, Leishmania-infected animals have been increasingly reported in L. donovani foci, and the role of these animals as reservoirs for human L. donovani infection remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a study of domestic animals (goats, sheep, cows, dogs, and donkeys) in three L. donovani foci in northwestern Ethiopia. Domestic animals were screened for Leishmania DNA and for anti-L. donovani IgG. Serum anti-sand fly saliva antibodies were used as a marker of exposure to the vector sand fly, Phlebotomus orientalis. RESULTS: Of 546 animals tested, 32 (5.9%) were positive for Leishmania DNA, with positive animals identified among all species studied. Sequencing indicated that the animals were infected with parasites of the L. donovani complex but could not distinguish between L. infantum and L. donovani. A total of 18.9% of the animals were seropositive for anti-L. donovani IgG, and 23.1% of the animals were seropositive for anti-P. orientalis saliva IgG, with the highest seroprevalence observed in dogs and sheep. A positive correlation was found between anti-P. orientalis saliva and anti-L. donovani IgGs in cows, goats, and sheep. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of L. donovani complex DNA in the blood of domestic animals, the reported seroprevalence to the L. donovani antigen, and the widespread exposure to sand fly saliva among domestic animals indicate that they are frequently exposed to Leishmania infection and are likely to participate in the epidemiology of Leishmania infection, either as potential blood sources for sand flies or possibly as parasite hosts.
- MeSH
- Equidae MeSH
- hmyz - vektory parazitologie MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata krev parazitologie MeSH
- Leishmania donovani genetika imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- leishmanióza krev diagnóza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- protilátky protozoální krev MeSH
- psi MeSH
- Psychodidae parazitologie fyziologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Etiopie MeSH
Piroplasmosis caused by different tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasites of the genera Theileria and Babesia is among the most economically important infections of domestic ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. A survey for piroplasm infection was conducted in three locations in Northern Ethiopia. Of 525 domestic ruminants surveyed, 80% of the cattle, 94% of the sheep and 2% of the goats were positive for different Theileria spp. based on PCR of blood followed by DNA sequencing. Sheep had a significantly higher rate of infection compared with cattle (P<0.0003) and both sheep and cattle had higher rates of infection compared to goats (P<0.0001). Four species of Theileria were detected in cattle: T. velifera, T. mutans, T. orientalis complex and T. annulata with infection rates of 66, 8, 4, and 2%, respectively. This is the first report of T. annulata, the cause of Tropical Theileriosis in Ethiopia. Of the two Theileria spp. detected in small ruminants, T. ovis was highly prevalent (92%) in sheep and rare in goats (1.5%) whereas T. seperata was infrequent in sheep (2%) and rare in goats (0.4%). None of the animals were positive for Babesia spp.; however, Sarcocystis capracanis and S. tenella were detected in one goat and a sheep, respectively. The widespread distribution of Theileria spp. among cattle in northern Ethiopia including the virulent T. annulata and more mildly pathogenic T. mutans and T. orientalis, and the high infection rate in sheep with the usually sub-clinical T. ovis indicate extensive exposure to ticks and transmission of piroplasms with an important economic impact.
- MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- kozy MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- přežvýkavci parazitologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- skot MeSH
- Theileria genetika MeSH
- theilerióza diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Etiopie MeSH
Člověk žije odedávna v úzké symbióze se zvířaty. Jsou nejen zdrojem obživy nebo pracovní silou, lidé je chovají také pro radost a zábavu. Vzhledem k těsnému kontaktu s nimi však může relativně snadno docházet k přenosu různých infekčních agens.
Souhrn: Domácí zvířata mohou být zdrojem závažných virových, bakteriálních, mykotických a parazitárních infekcí člověka. Z virových je nejzávažnější vzteklina, ta se však díky plošnému očkování lišek u nás od roku 2002 u divokých zvířat nevyskytuje. Leptospiróza, nemoc z kočičího škrábnutí, tularemie, Q horečka a psitakóza představují nejčastější bakteriální infekce přenosné ze zvířat na člověka. Kočky a psi mohou vylučovat vajíčka škrkavek, které u lidí vyvolávají larvální toxokarózu. Toxoplazmózou je u nás nakaženo asi 40 % dospělých osob. Kromě konzumace syrového masa jsou zdrojem této parazitózy kočkovité šelmy, v jejichž zažívacím traktu probíhá vývoj toxoplasem a infekční oocysty jsou vylučovány s výkaly do prostředí.
Isolates of Cryptosporidium from the Czech Republic were characterized from a variety of different hosts using sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 18S ribosomal DNA and the heat-shock (HSP-70) gene. Analysis expanded the host range of accepted species and identified several novel genotypes, including horse, Eurasian woodcock, rabbit, and cervid genotypes.
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium klasifikace genetika MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- křečci praví MeSH
- kryptosporidióza epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- myši MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 genetika MeSH
- protozoální DNA analýza MeSH
- ribozomální DNA analýza MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata v ZOO parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- křečci praví MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
