This study hypothesized that SCFA, acetate impacts positively on hypothalamic pyroptosis and its related abnormalities in experimentally induced PCOS rat model, possibly through NrF2/HIF1-α modulation. Eight-week-old female Wister rats were divided into groups (n = 5), namely control, PCOS, acetate and PCOS + acetate groups. Induction of PCOS was performed by administering 1 mg/kg body weight of letrozole for 21 days. After PCOS confirmation, the animals were treated with 200 mg/kg of acetate for 6 weeks. Rats with PCOS were characterized with insulin resistance, leptin resistance, increased plasma testosterone as well as degenerated ovarian follicles. There was also a significant increase in hypothalamic triglyceride level, triglyceride-glucose index, inflammatory biomarkers (SDF-1 and NF-kB) and caspase-6 as well as plasma LH and triglyceride. A decrease was observed in plasma adiponectin, GnRH, FSH, and hypothalamic GABA with severe inflammasome expression in PCOS rats. These were accompanied by decreased level of NrF2/HIF1-α, and the alterations were reversed when treated with acetate. Collectively, the present results suggest the therapeutic impact of acetate on hypothalamic pyroptosis and its related comorbidity in PCOS, a beneficial effect that is accompanied by modulation of NrF2/HIF1-α.
- MeSH
- adiponektin metabolismus krev MeSH
- faktor 1 indukovatelný hypoxií - podjednotka alfa * metabolismus MeSH
- faktor 2 související s NF-E2 metabolismus MeSH
- folikuly stimulující hormon krev MeSH
- GABA metabolismus MeSH
- hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny metabolismus MeSH
- hypothalamus * metabolismus účinky léků patologie MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- leptin krev metabolismus MeSH
- letrozol farmakologie MeSH
- luteinizační hormon krev MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- potkani Wistar * MeSH
- pyroptóza * účinky léků MeSH
- syndrom polycystických ovarií * chemicky indukované metabolismus farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- testosteron krev MeSH
- triglyceridy krev metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Minipuberta je definována jako dočasná postnatální aktivace hypotalamo-hypofyzo-gonadální (HPG) osy. Ke spuštění činnosti HPG osy dochází během života celkem třikrát. Poprvé v polovině gestace, kdy se podílí na vývoji a na dozrávání pohlavních žláz. Následuje tzv. minipuberta, která začíná několik dnů po narození a trvá u chlapců 4–6 měsíců a u dívek 2–4 roky. Po „hormonálně klidovém“ dětství přichází klasické pohlavní dospívání s rozvojem sekundárních sexuálních znaků ve druhé dekádě života a je zakončeno kompletní maturací pohlavních žláz umožňující budoucí reprodukci. Existence minipuberty je známa téměř 50 let, ale stále není objasněn její úplný význam. Hladiny pohlavních hormonů dosahují v tomto období téměř k hodnotám dospělých jedinců. U chlapců roste penis, zvětšují se testes, v nichž proliferují zárodečné buňky, u dívek estradiol stimuluje růst prsních žláz a zrání ovariálních folikulů. Fyziologický průběh minipuberty je významný pro budoucí pohlavní vývoj a fertilitu. Toto období je současně několikaměsíčním „oknem příležitosti“ stanovení diagnózy některých vrozených poruch pohlavního vývoje. U chlapců s hypogonadotropním hypogonadismem i s případnou možností včasné léčby. Zvláštní pozornost zasluhují klinické dopady průběhu minipuberty u předčasně narozených dětí a dětí narozených malých na svůj gestační věk. Minipuberta je považována za reálný „předobraz“ budoucího pohlavního vývoje.
Minipuberty is defined as temporary postnatal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The HPG axis is triggered three times during lifetime. The first time in the middle of gestation, when it participates in the development and maturation of the sex glands. This is followed by the so-called minipuberty, which begins a few days after birth and lasts 4-6 months in boys and 2-4 years in girls. After the „hormonally sillent“ childhood comes classical sexual adolescence with the development of secondary sexual signs in the second decade of life and is completed by a complete maturation of the sex glands allowing future reproduction. The existence of mini-puberty has been known for almost 50 years, but its full meaning is still not clarified. Levels of sex hormones reach almost to the values of adult individuals during this period. In boys, the penis grows, testes increase in size, in which germ cells proliferate, in girls, estradiol stimulates the growth of mammary glands and the maturation of ovarian follicles. The physiological course of minipuberty is essential for future sexual development and fertility. At the same time, this period is several months‘ „window of opportunity“ of establishing a diagnosis of some congenital disorders of sexual development. In boys with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, as well as with the possibility of early treatment. The clinical implications of minipuberty in premature babies and infants born young for their gestational age deserve special attention. Minipuberta is considered a real predicition of future sexual development.
- Klíčová slova
- minipuberta,
- MeSH
- embryonální a fetální vývoj MeSH
- estradiol krev MeSH
- folikuly stimulující hormon krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- luteinizační hormon krev MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- systém hypotalamus-hypofýza * embryologie MeSH
- testosteron krev MeSH
- vývoj dítěte MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Exposure to chronic stress stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and then simultaneously inhibits hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) axis activity. The inhibition formed by the HPA axis is the main mechanism of action of stress on reproductive function. HPG axis activity is known to be changed by various factors, including exercise. Exercise has been found to have a number of positive effects on sexual behavior, reproductive hormones, and sperm parameters in studies with animal models for many years. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of chronic treadmill exercise on chronically stressed-male rats' sexual behavior, reproductive hormones, and sperm parameters. A total of 40 sexually adult male rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups as control, stress, exercise, and stress+exercise. Animals in the exercise group were subjected to the chronic treadmill exercise (moderate intensity) for 33 days with a periodic increase in speed and duration. Animals in the stress group were exposed to restraint stress for 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h during the first, second and third 15 days respectively. Sexual behavior parameters, hormone measurements, and sperm parameters were evaluated. The main effects of chronic exercise on sexual behavior were centered on a significant increase in the ejaculation frequency (EF) in the stress+exercise group. Also, sperm concentration and motility in the stress group significantly decreased, and then sperm motility was improved by exercise in the stress+exercise group. In sum, our results show that chronic treadmill exercise may improve the adverse effects of chronic stress on sexual behavior and sperm parameters in male rats in terms of some parameters.
- MeSH
- fyzické omezení MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat psychologie MeSH
- kortikosteron krev MeSH
- luteinizační hormon krev MeSH
- motilita spermií * MeSH
- počet spermií * MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- psychický stres krev patofyziologie MeSH
- sexuální chování * MeSH
- testosteron krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Obesity increases the incidence of hypogonadism in men, and hypogonadism in turn plays a role in obesity. One of the first mechanisms proposed to explain this was a hypothesis based on the principle that obese men have higher estrogen levels, and that increased estrogens provide feedback to the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, reducing the secretion of gonadotropins and leading to a decrease of overall testosterone levels. This concept has since been questioned, though never completely disproven. In this study we compared hormone levels in three groups of men with differing BMI levels (between 18-25, 25-29, and 30-39), and found correlations between lowering overall testosterone, SHBG and increased BMI. At the same time, there were no significant changes to levels of free androgens, estradiol or the gonadotropins LH and FSH. These findings are in line with the idea that estrogen production in overweight and obese men with BMI up to 39 kg/m(2) does not significantly influence endocrine testicular function.
- MeSH
- androgeny krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- estradiol krev MeSH
- estrogeny krev MeSH
- folikuly stimulující hormon krev MeSH
- hypogonadismus krev epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- luteinizační hormon krev MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- obezita krev epidemiologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Declines in endothelial function can take place rapidly across the menopause transition, placing women at heightened risk for atherosclerosis. Disturbed patterns of conduit artery shear, characterized by greater oscillatory and retrograde shear, are associated with endothelial dysfunction but have yet to be described across menopause. Healthy women, who were not on hormone therapy or contraceptives, were classified into early perimenopausal, late perimenopausal, and early postmenopausal stage. Resting antegrade, retrograde, and oscillatory shear were calculated from blood velocity and diameter measured in the brachial and common femoral artery using Doppler ultrasound. Serum was collected for measurements of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone. After adjusting for age, brachial artery oscillatory shear was significantly higher in early postmenopausal women (n = 15, 0.17 ± 0.08 a.u.) than both early (n = 12, 0.08 ± 0.05 a.u., P < 0.05) and late (n = 8, 0.08 ± 0.04 a.u) perimenopausal women, and retrograde shear was significantly greater in early postmenopausal versus early perimenopausal women (-19.47 ± 12.97 vs. -9.62 ± 6.11 sec-1 , both P < 0.05). Femoral artery oscillatory and retrograde shear were greater, respectively, in early postmenopausal women (n = 15, 0.19 ± 0.08 a.u.; -13.57 ± 5.82 sec-1 ) than early perimenopausal women (n = 14, 0.11 ± 0.08 a.u.; -8.13 ± 4.43 sec-1 , P < 0.05). Further, Pearson correlation analyses revealed significant associations between FSH and both retrograde and oscillatory shear, respectively, in the brachial (r = -0.40, P = 0.03; r = 0.43, P = 0.02) and common femoral artery (r = -0.45, P = 0.01; r = 0.56, P = 0.001). These results suggest menopause, and its associated changes in reproductive hormones, adversely influences conduit arterial shear rate patterns to greater oscillatory and retrograde shear rates.
- MeSH
- arterie diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- cévní endotel fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- estradiol krev MeSH
- folikuly stimulující hormon krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- luteinizační hormon krev MeSH
- menopauza krev fyziologie MeSH
- reologie krve * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- MeSH
- dihydrotestosteron * krev MeSH
- estradiol * krev MeSH
- estron * krev MeSH
- folikuly stimulující hormon krev MeSH
- globulin vázající pohlavní hormony metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- luteinizační hormon krev MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí * krev MeSH
- testosteron * krev MeSH
- zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- komentáře MeSH
- souhrny MeSH
This study investigated the effect of hormonal changes on semen quality, chromatin status, and assisted reproductive outcomes (intracytoplasmic sperm injection), among infertile men. In this research, 219 infertile men undergoing assisted reproductive treatment were evaluated with reproductive hormone levels (including follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone), semen parameters, and sperm chromatin integrity and condensation, between 2012 and 2014. Finally, the assisted reproductive outcomes in these infertile men were studied. The low rate of total sperm count, motility and morphology, fertilization and the high percentage of DNA damage, the poor zygote (Z4 grade) and embryo quality (grade D), and spontaneous miscarriage was recorded in men with high levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. In conclusion, the changes in the follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone by changes in the sperm quality, and DNA damage may have the effects on assisted reproductive outcomes (e.g., low fertilization, poor zygote and embryo quality, and high miscarriage).
- MeSH
- asistovaná reprodukce * MeSH
- chromatin genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- folikuly stimulující hormon krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- luteinizační hormon krev MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- motilita spermií MeSH
- mužská infertilita * krev terapie MeSH
- počet spermií MeSH
- poškození DNA MeSH
- samovolný potrat MeSH
- těhotenství statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- testosteron krev MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Maternal hyperandrogenism during pregnancy might have metabolic and endocrine consequences on the offspring as shown for the polycystic ovary syndrome. Despite numerous experiments, the impact of prenatal hyperandrogenic environment on postnatal sex steroid milieu is not yet clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of prenatal testosterone excess on postnatal concentrations of luteinizing hormone, corticosterone and steroid hormones including testosterone, pregnenolone, progesterone, estradiol and 7beta-hydroxy-epiandrosterone in the offspring of both sexes. Pregnant rats were injected daily with either testosterone propionate or vehicle from gestational day 14 until parturition. The hormones were evaluated in plasma of the adult offspring. As expected, females had lower testosterone and higher pregnenolone, progesterone and estradiol in comparison to males. In addition, corticosterone was higher in females than in males, and it was further elevated by prenatal testosterone treatment. In males, prenatal testosterone exposure resulted in higher 7beta-hydroxy-epiandrosterone in comparison to control group. None of the other analyzed hormones were affected by prenatal testosterone. In conclusion, our results did not show major effects on sex hormone production or luteinizing hormone release in adult rats resulting from testosterone excess during their fetal development. However, maternal hyperandrogenism seems to partially affect steroid biosynthesis in sex-specific manner.
- MeSH
- injekce intramuskulární MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- luteinizační hormon krev MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
- potkani inbrední LEW MeSH
- steroidy krev MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- testosteron krev MeSH
- testosteronpropionát aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice krev chemicky indukované MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Smoking represents the most widespread substance dependence in the world. Nicotine alters women hormonal homeostasis. Women smokers have higher testosterone and lower estradiol levels throughout life compared to nonsmokers. We monitored the effect of smoking discontinuation on steroid spectrum with 25 postmenopausal women smokers. They had been examined before discontinuation of smoking and after 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks of abstinence. Blood was collected to determine steroid spectrum (measured by GC-MS), luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and sex hormone binding globulin (measured by IRMA). Repeated measures ANOVA model was used for evaluation of the data. In postmenopausal women, an increase in testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and other androgens occurred. Neither nicotine replacement therapy nor weight changes nor age play a role in androgen level increase. The higher androgens levels correlated with failure in smoking cessation. Women smokers have higher androgen levels, which might play a role in smoking dependence development. Women successful in smoking cessation, compared to the non-successful ones, have lower androgen levels initially and also after smoking discontinuation.
- MeSH
- androgeny krev MeSH
- folikuly stimulující hormon krev MeSH
- globulin vázající pohlavní hormony metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- luteinizační hormon krev MeSH
- odvykání kouření * MeSH
- postmenopauza krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
