We systematically investigated how the combinations of size, shape and the natural organic matter (NOM)-ecocorona of gold (Au) engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) influence the attachment of the particles to algae and physical toxicity to the cells. Spherical (10, 60 and 100 nm), urchin-shaped (60 nm), rod-shaped (10 × 45, 40 × 60 and 50 × 100 nm), and wire-shaped (75 × 500, 75 × 3000 and 75 × 6000 nm) citrate-coated and NOM-coated Au-ENPs were used. Among the spherical particles only the spherical 10 nm Au-ENPs caused membrane damage to algae. Only the rod-shaped 10 × 45 nm induced membrane damage among the rod-shaped Au-ENPs. Wire-shaped Au-ENPs caused no membrane damage to the algae. NOM ecocorona decreased the membrane damage effects of spherical 10 nm and rod-shaped 10 × 45 nm ENPs. The spherical Au-ENPs were mostly loosely attached to the cells compared to other shapes, whereas the wire-shaped Au-ENPs were mostly strongly attached compared to particles with other shapes. NOM ecocorona determined the strength of Au-ENPs attachment to the cell wall, leading to the formation of loose rather than strong attachment of Au-ENPs to the cells. After removal of the loosely and strongly attached Au-ENPs, some particles remained anchored to the surface of the algae. The highest concentration was detected for spherical 10 nm Au-ENPs followed by rod-shaped 10 × 45 nm Au-ENPs, while the lowest concentration was observed for the wire-shaped Au-ENPs. The combined effect of shape, size, and ecocorona controls the Au-ENPs attachment and physical toxicity to cells.
- MeSH
- buněčná membrána účinky léků ultrastruktura MeSH
- ekotoxikologie MeSH
- huminové látky analýza MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
- kovové nanočástice * chemie toxicita MeSH
- mikrořasy účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- zlato * chemie toxicita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The photothermal cancer therapy using cationic gold nanorods (GNRs) stabilized by quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) have a great potential to enhance conventional cancer treatment as it promises the effective eradication of cancer cells including cells resistant to radio- and chemo-therapy and the stimulation of anti-tumor immune response. However, as the cytotoxicity of the conventional alkanethiol-QAS compounds limits their utility in medicine, here we developed GNRs modified by novel highly hydrophilic cationic surfactant composed of the quaternary ammonium group and ethylene glycol chain N,N,N-trimethyl-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadecyl-17-sulfanyl-1-ammonium bromide (POSAB) showing insignificant cytotoxicity in the free state. Surface modification of GNRs by POSAB allowed to prepare nanoparticles with good stability in water, high cellular uptake and localization in lysosomes that are a promising alternative to alkanethiol-stabilized GNRs especially for biomedical applications.
- MeSH
- alkylace MeSH
- CHO buňky MeSH
- Cricetulus MeSH
- hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce * MeSH
- kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- nanotrubičky chemie MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky chemie MeSH
- stabilita léku MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- zlato chemie toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Uptake of water and nutrients by roots affects the ontogenesis of the whole plant. Nanoparticles, e.g. gold nanoparticles, have a broad range of applications in many fields which leads to the transfer of these materials into the environment. Thus, the understanding of their impact on the growth and development of the root system is an emerging issue. During our studies on the effect of positively charged gold nanoparticles on the barley roots, a hairless phenotype was found. We investigated whether this phenotype correlates with changes in symplasmic communication, which is an important factor that regulates, among others, differentiation of the rhizodermis into hair and non-hair cells. The results showed no restriction in symplasmic communication in the treated roots, in contrast to the control roots, in which the trichoblasts and atrichoblasts were symplasmically isolated during their differentiation. Moreover, differences concerning the root morphology, histology, ultrastructure and the cell wall composition were detected between the control and the treated roots. These findings suggest that the harmful effect of nanoparticles on plant growth may, among others, consist in disrupting the symplasmic communication/isolation, which leads to the development of a hairless root phenotype, thus limiting the functioning of the roots.
- MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace účinky léků MeSH
- buněčná membrána metabolismus MeSH
- epidermis rostlin cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- ječmen (rod) účinky léků genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin cytologie účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- kovové nanočástice toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu toxicita MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin účinky léků MeSH
- semenáček účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- voda metabolismus MeSH
- živiny metabolismus MeSH
- zlato toxicita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are promising nanomaterials used in different technological solutions as well as in consumer products. Silver (Ag), gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) represent three metallic NPs with current or suggested use in different applications. Pt is also used as vehicle exhaust catalyst leading to a possible exposure via inhalation. Despite their use, there is limited data on their genotoxic potential and possible size-dependent effects, particularly for Pt NPs. The aim of this study was to explore size-dependent genotoxicity of these NPs (5 and 50 nm) following exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells. We characterised the NPs and assessed the viability (Alamar blue assay), formation of DNA strand breaks (mini-gel comet assay) and induction of micronucleus (MN) analysed using flow cytometry (in vitro microflow kit). The results confirmed the primary size (5 and 50 nm) but showed agglomeration of all NPs in the serum free medium used. Slight reduced cell viability (tested up to 50 µg/ml) was observed following exposure to the Ag NPs of both particle sizes as well as to the smallest (5 nm) Au NPs. Similarly, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, both 5 and 50 nm-sized Ag NPs, as well as 5 nm-sized Au NPs, increased DNA strand breaks whereas for Pt NPs only the 50 nm size caused a slight increase in DNA damage. No clear induction of MN was observed in any of the doses tested (up to 20 µg/ml). Taken together, by using the comet assay our study shows DNA strand breaks induced by Ag NPs, without any obvious differences in size, whereas effects from Au and Pt NPs were size-dependent in the sense that the 5 nm-sized Au NPs and 50 nm-sized Pt NPs particles were active. No clear induction of MN was observed for the NPs.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- epitelové buňky účinky léků MeSH
- kometový test metody MeSH
- kovové nanočástice toxicita ultrastruktura MeSH
- mikrojaderné testy MeSH
- mikrojádra chromozomálně defektní účinky léků MeSH
- platina * toxicita MeSH
- poškození DNA účinky léků MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie metody MeSH
- stříbro * toxicita MeSH
- testy genotoxicity metody MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zlato * toxicita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- alergie etiologie imunologie MeSH
- imunitní systém * účinky léků MeSH
- kovy * imunologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci imunitního systému MeSH
- palladium škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- rtuť škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- zlato škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- zubní amalgam škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- zubní materiály * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
