• MeSH
• omezení pohyblivosti MeSH
• postižení zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• vládní programy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Zajištění duševních a materiálních potřeb
• NLK Obory
• právo, zákonodárství
• zdravotně postižení
• NLK Publikační typ
• dokumenty
• informační publikace

• O autorovi
• Národní rozvojový program mobility pro všechny Autorita

Prostorová mobilita seniorů patří k aktuálním zkoumaným tématům. Její aktuálnost je dána jednak stárnutím populace, jednak otázkami spojenými s kvalitou života seniorů. Je spojena s tím, jakým způsobem prostorová mobilita seniorů ovlivňuje jejich osobní nebo rodinný život, ale také život komunitní a veřejný. Předmětem soudobých zkoumání jsou faktory, které podporují prostorovou mobilitu, a naopak ty, které jí zabraňují. Ke zkoumaným tématům spojeným se stárnutím a stářím je také autonomie seniorů, která zahrnuje řadu aspektů. V průniku obou témat, tj. prostorové mobility a autonomie, vznikají otázky, jak spolu tyto jevy i procesy souvisejí, nakolik se podmiňují a ve výsledku, jaké takto pojatá mobilní autonomie plní funkce, či naopak za jakých okolností přestává být funkční. Byla provedena analýza 24 hloubkových rozhovorů se seniory staršími 70 let. Hlavním cílem bylo zjistit, jaký význam přisuzují senioři venkovní mobilitě pro svou autonomii. Cíl byl rozpracován do následujících výzkumných otázek: a) Jaký význam senioři přisuzují využívaným módům venkovní mobility? b) Jaké okolnosti senioři identifikují jako ovlivňující jejich mobilitu? c) Jak se senioři vyrovnávají s vnímanými omezeními venkovní mobility? Zvláště se ukázalo, jak významný je modus automobilu, význam je však diferencován podle různých kritérií, např. zda senior sám řídí, zda řídí jeho partner nebo zda je odkázán na pomoc druhých. Velkou otázkou je, jak se právě řidiči vyrovnávají se situací, kdy řídit přestanou či jsou nuceni přestat. Význam kola spjatý obvykle s širším rádiem každodenního žitého prostoru seniora závisí na zdravotní situací, kondici a životním způsobu. Z rozhovorů je patrné, že situaci seniorů a jejich strategie zvládání stárnutí zvláště v případě pokročilého stáří dobře charakterizuje to, jak jsou schopni pěšího pohybu a jak se mu věnují. Analýza rozhovorů vede k typologii přístupu seniorů k mobilitě a jejímu významu pro vlastní autonomii.

Spatial mobility of seniors is one of the current topics under investigation. Its relevance is due to both the ageing population and issues related to the quality of life of seniors. It is linked to how the spatial mobility of seniors affects their personal or family life, but also community and public life. The factors that promote spatial mobility and those that hinder it are the subject of contemporary research. Among the topics related to ageing and old age, the autonomy of seniors, which encompasses several aspects, is also under investigation. The intersection of these two topics, i.e., spatial mobility and autonomy, raises the questions of how these phenomena and processes are related, to what extent they condition each other and, as a result, what functions mobile autonomy, so conceived, fulfils or, conversely, under what circumstances it ceases to be functional. An analysis of 24 semi-structured interviews with seniors over 70 years of age was conducted. The main objective of the study was to discover what importance seniors attach to the outdoor mobility for their individual autonomy. We deconstructed this goal into the following research questions: (a) What importance do seniors attach to the outdoor mobility modes they use? (b) What circumstances do seniors identify as affecting their mobility? (c) How do seniors respond to the limitations in their outdoor mobility? In particular, the modus of the car has been shown to be important, but the importance is differentiated according to different criteria, e.g., whether the senior drives alone, whether his/her partner drives or whether s/he relies on the help of others. A big question is how drivers cope when they stop driving or are forced to stop. The importance of the bicycle, usually linked to the wider radius of the elderly person's daily living space, depends on health, fitness, and lifestyle. From the interviews, it is evident that the situation of seniors and their coping strategies, especially in the case of advanced old age, are well characterized by their ability and commitment to walking. The analysis of the interviews leads to a typology of seniors' attitudes towards mobility and its importance for their own autonomy.

• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická MeSH
• chůze psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobní autonomie MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• samostatný způsob života * psychologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let psychologie   MeSH
• senioři psychologie   MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let psychologie   MeSH
• senioři psychologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Sclerosis multiplex (SM) je chronické neurologické ochorenie charakterizované postupným zneschopnením pacienta v dôsledku zápalu, progresívnej demyelinizácie a straty axónov centrálneho nervového systému. Najvýraznejší vplyv na funkčnú fyzickú aktivitu a nezávislosť pacientov so SM má zhoršená mobilita a predovšetkým zhoršená chôdza. K funkčnému zneschopneniu pacientov so SM dochádza v dôsledku demyelinizácie a degenerácie axónov, čo je spojené so zhoršením ich vodivosti. Práca poukazuje na význam nátriových (Na+) a káliových (K+) kanálov na vedenie vzruchu a možnosti zlepšenia vodivosti blokádou K+ kanálov 4-amidopyridínom (4-AP). Ukazuje sa, že káliové kanály zohrávajú aj inú významnú úlohu v patogenéze SM. U pacientov so SM boli zistené signifikantne vyššie sérové hladiny protilátok proti káliovému kanálu KIR4.1.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by increasing disability resulting from central nervous system inflammation, progressive demyelination, and axonal loss. Impaired mobility, and mostly impaired walking is suggested to be an important contributory factor to functional activity and independence of patients´ with MS. The functional dissability in MS patients occurs due to demyelination and degeneration of axons, which is associated with impaired conductivity. The purpose of this article to explain the role of natrium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels for the impulse conduction and possibilty to improvement conductivity by K+ channel blockade with 4-amidopyridine (4-AP). The last studies indicated the important role of potassium channel in MS pathogenesis. Serum levels of antibodies to potassium channel KIR4.1 were significantly higher in MS patients than in controls.

• Klíčová slova
• 4-amidopyridin,
• MeSH
• aminopyrin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• axony patologie   MeSH
• draslíkové kanály řízené napětím fyziologie   imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurologické poruchy chůze etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• omezení pohyblivosti * MeSH
• pracovní neschopnost MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * ekonomika   epidemiologie   etiologie   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• sodíkové kanálky řízené napětím fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

PURPOSE OF STUDY Based on the selected criteria the study presents the evaluation of data of patients who underwent a surgery for proximal femoral fracture at the Department of Orthopaedic Trauma of the 1 st Faculty of Medicine and Military University Hospital Prague in the period 2013-2016. The paper aimed to determine whether there are any differences in proximal femoral fractures depending on the selected criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised 805 patients (562 women and 243 men) older than 21 years with proximal femoral fractures who were treated between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2016. In the study, the patient s data on gender, age, a type of fracture (according to the AO classification), a level of mobility, time of injury and month of injury were analysed. The data was evaluated using the methods of descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, two-way analysis by ANOVA and by following select POST-HOC test (Fisher LSD test) were utilized, 95% confidence interval was selected . RESULTS In the group of treated patients, the men were outnumbered by women (70% vs. 30%). In women the fractures occurred at a significantly (p < 0.001) older age (82 years) compared to men (77 years). Until the 8 th decade the fractures in men dominated, while from the 9th decade the fractures were more frequent in women. A sharp increase in the number of fractures in women was reported exactly in the 9th decade (56% of the total number of fractures in women). The group of women showed a significant difference (p = 0.027) between the age of femoral neck fractures and the age of trochanteric femoral fractures (80 years vs. 84 years). In both genders intracapsular and pertrochanteric fractures prevailed. In women and men with a limited mobility, fractures were sustained at the highest mean age (85 years in women, 84 years in men) compared to the other levels of mobility. In mobile patients, a significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between the age of women and men at which the fracture was sustained (79 years vs. 71 years). The largest significant difference (p < 0.001) in the age of fracture is seen in night time (84 years in women, 71 years in men). The highest number of injuries was suffered in the months of October to January, whereas the lowest number was reported in the period from June to July. DISCUSSION The epidemiological studies underline a notably higher incidence of proximal femoral fractures in women than in men, which was also confirmed by our study. The mean age of women with proximal femoral fracture was significantly higher compared to men. Similar conclusions have been drawn also by other studies. The incidence of fractures in dependence on the age group was the highest in women and men in their 9th decade, which compared to the previous studies was at a later age. This finding can be justified by aging of the Czech population, with the growing number of persons in the 9 th decade age group between 2012 and 2017 by 40,000. Nonetheless, men prevailed in fractures until the 9 th decade, while from the 9 th decade there is a marked growth in the number of these fractures sustained by women. This corresponds with the findings of other authors. As to the individual types of fractures (neck, trochanteric fracture) no difference was revealed in the percentage of women and men. In both genders intracapsular and petrochanteric fractures prevailed. Neither the level of pre-fracture mobility, nor the time of injury have been sufficiently monitored and evaluated with regard to the age of patients, therefore there is no adequate data to compare our results with. The lowest mean age at the time of injury was achieved by fully mobile men (71 years), which can be attributable to their sports and social activities performed at this age. The highest number of proximal femoral fractures was reported in the period from October to January, whereas their lowest number was reported in the period from June to July, which corresponds with the majority of other conducted studies in this area of research. CONCLUSIONS A considerably higher incidence of proximal femoral fractures in women was confirmed. The mean age of women with proximal femoral fracture was significantly higher than in men (82 vs. 77 years). Men prevailed in the number of fractures up to the 9 th decade, whereas from the 9 th decade the number of proximal femoral fractures in women significantly grew. In individual types of fractures (neck, trochanteric fractures), no difference in percentage of women and men was found. In both the genders intracapsular and pertrochanteric fractures significantly prevailed. The lowest mean age (71 years) at the time of injury was achieved by fully mobile men. The same age was identified in men also with respect to injuries sustained at night. The highest number of proximal femoral fractures was reported in the period from October to January, the lowest in the period from June to July. The knowledge of these seasonal variations can help plan the health care in the medical facility concerned. Key words: proximal femur, fracture, gender, mobility, day-time, seasonality.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fraktury femuru * epidemiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• fraktury krčku femuru * epidemiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• fraktury kyčle * epidemiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• omezení pohyblivosti MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vnitřní fixace fraktury * metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

In the second part of this study, a systematic comparison was made between two ion fragmentation acquisition modes, namely data-independent acquisition (DIA) and DIA with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) technology. These two approaches were applied to the analysis of 192 doping agents in urine. Group I included 102 compounds such as stimulants, diuretics, narcotics, and β2-agonists, while Group II contained 90 compounds included steroids, glucocorticoids, and hormone and metabolic modulators. Important method parameters were examined and compared, including the fragmentation, sensitivity, and assignment capability with the minimum occurrence of false positive hits. The results differed between Group I and II in number of detected fragments when exploring the MS/MS spectra. In Group I only 13%, while in the Group II 64% of the substances had a higher number of fragments in DIA-IMS mode vs. DIA. In terms of sensitivity, the performance of the two modes with and without activated IMS dimension was identical for about 50% of the doping agents. The sensitivity was higher without IMS, i.e. in simple DIA mode, for 20-40% of remaining doping agents. Despite this sensitivity reduction with IMS, 82% of compounds from both Groups met the minimum required performance level (MRPL) criteria of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) when the DIA-IMS mode was applied. Automated data processing is important in routine doping analysis. Therefore, processing methods were optimized and evaluated for the prevalence of false peak assignments by analysing the target substances at different concentrations in urine samples. Overall, a significantly higher number of misidentified compounds was observed in Group II, with an almost 2-fold higher number of misidentifications in DIA compared to DIA-IMS. This result highlights the benefit of the IMS dimension to reduce the rate of false positive in screening analysis. The optimized UHPLC-IM-HRMS method was finally applied to the analysis of urine samples from administration studies including nine doping agents from both Groups. However, to limit the number of interferences from the biological matrix, an emphasis is needed on the adequate settings of the data processing method.

• MeSH
• doping ve sportu * MeSH
• glukokortikoidy MeSH
• iontová mobilní spektrometrie * MeSH
• narkotika MeSH
• steroidy MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) has emerged as a popular approach for targeted protein quantification. With high ion utilization efficiency and first-in-class acquisition speed, the timsTOF Pro provides a powerful platform for PRM analysis. However, sporadic chromatographic drift in peptide retention time represents a fundamental limitation for the reproducible multiplexing of targets across PRM acquisitions. Here, we present PRM-LIVE, an extensible, Python-based acquisition engine for the timsTOF Pro, which dynamically adjusts detection windows for reproducible target scheduling. In this initial implementation, we used iRT peptides as retention time standards and demonstrated reproducible detection and quantification of 1857 tryptic peptides from the cell lysate in a 60 min PRM-LIVE acquisition. As an application in functional proteomics, we use PRM-LIVE in an activity-based protein profiling platform to assess binding selectivity of small-molecule inhibitors against 220 endogenous human kinases.

• MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• iontová mobilní spektrometrie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• peptidy MeSH
• proteiny MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Silymarin, milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract, contains a mixture of mostly isomeric bioactive flavonoids and flavonolignans that are extensively studied, especially for their possible liver-protective and anticancer effects. Because of the differing bioactivities of individual isomeric compounds, characterization of their proportion in a mixture is highly important for predicting its effect on health. However, because of silymarin's complexity, this is hardly feasible by common analytical techniques. In this work, ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with drift tube ion mobility spectrometry and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used. Eleven target silymarin compounds (taxifolin, isosilychristin, silychristins A and B, silydianin, silybins A and B, 2,3-cis-silybin B, isosilybins A and B and 2,3-dehydrosilybin) and five unknown flavonolignan isomers detected in the milk thistle extract were fully separated in a 14.5-min analysis run. All the compounds were characterized on the basis of their accurate mass, retention time, drift time, collision cross section and fragmentation spectra. The quantitative approach based on evaluation of the ion mobility data demonstrated lower detection limits, an extended linear range and total separation of interferences from the compounds of interest compared with the traditional approach based on evaluation of liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry data. The following analysis of a batch of milk thistle-based food supplements revealed significant variability in the silymarin pattern, especially in the content of silychristin A and silybins A and B. This newly developed method might have high application potential, especially for the characterization of materials intended for bioactivity studies in which information on the exact silymarin composition plays a crucial role. Graphical Abstract.

• MeSH
• flavonolignany analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• iontová mobilní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• isomerie MeSH
• ostropestřec mariánský chemie   MeSH
• silymarin analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická MeSH
• činnosti denního života MeSH
• důchod MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální přizpůsobení MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH

Se zvyšujícím se věkem se pozornost seniorů zaměřuje na jejich zdravotní stav a fyzickou zdatnost. Udržení fyzických schopností včetně bezpečné chůze a pohybu významně přispívá k pocitu zdraví ve stáří. V této souvislosti se stále více mezi odbornou veřejností diskutují termíny jako například vnitřní kapacita (intrinsic capacity), křehkost, sarkopenie, ale i pocit pohody, fitness a odolnost. Jedním z časných projevů ubývající zdatnosti či fitness je omezená mobilita staršího člověka. Omezení v mobilitě narůstají se zvyšujícím se věkem. Kolem 35 % sedmdesátiletých a většina osmdesátiletých osob udává omezení pohyblivosti v sociálním prostředí bytu a jeho blízkém okolí. Omezení, nebo dokonce ztráta mobility je komplexní multifaktoriálně podmíněný proces, který starého člověka činí náchylnějšího k pádům, úrazům, hospitalizacím, zhoršuje kvalitu života i celkovou mortalitu. V tomto přehledovém článku se pokusíme podat definici mobility, zaměříme se na věkově podmíněné změny a rizikové faktory včetně kognitivních poruch, neuromuskulární, psychologické a behaviorální faktory přispívající k omezení mobility. Stručně shrneme vyšetřovací nástroje ke zhodnocení mobility, k rozpoznání časných poruch a možné směry v prevenci. Tréninkové cvičební programy zahrnující aerobní cvičení (chůze), posilovací a rovnovážná cvičení mají největší účinnost pro zlepšování mobility a chůze, zvyšují svalovou hmotu i svalovou sílu, snižují výskyt pádů a zlepšují výkonnost v provádění běžných denních činností.

With advancing age older people shift their attention to health and physical fitness. Maintaining physical capacity including safe walking and mobility contribute significantly to overall health and wellbeing. In this context, professional community is using terms such as intrinsic capacity, frailty, sarcopenia but also wellbeing, fitness, and resilience. Limited mobility is an early sign of declining physical performance and fitness in older people. Mobility limitations increase with advancing age. About 35 % of persons in their 7th decade and majority of octogenarians report limited mobility in their own social environment – apartment and its nearby surroundings. Limited or even lost mobility is a complex multifactorial process that not only worsens quality of life but also increases risk of falling, fall-related injuries, hospitalization, and overall mortality. In this narrative review we provide the definition of mobility, describe age-related changes and risk factors including cognitive, neuromuscular, psychological, and behavioural factors contributing to mobility limitations. Also, we summarize mobility assessment tools, recognition of the early manifestation and potential approaches to prevent mobility disorders. Exercise training programs involve aerobic exercise (walking), strength and balance training that show the highest effectiveness in improving mobility and gait, increase muscle mass and strength, decrease falls rate, and improve performance in daily activities.

• Klíčová slova
• mobilita,
• MeSH
• křehký senior MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• pohybové poruchy MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost * MeSH
• zdravé stárnutí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

The aim of this review is to evaluate the health and social effects of accessible home environments for people with functional limitations, in order to provide evidence to promote well-informed decision making for policy guideline development and choices about public health interventions. MEDLINE and nine other electronic databases were searched between December 2014 and January 2015, for articles published since 2004. All study types were included in this review. Two reviewers independently screened 12,544 record titles or titles and abstracts based on our pre-defined eligibility criteria. We identified 94 articles as potentially eligible; and assessed their full text. Included studies were critically appraised using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool, version 2011. Fourteen studies were included in the review. We did not identify any meta-analysis or systematic review directly relevant to the question for this systematic review. A narrative approach was used to synthesise the findings of the included studies due to methodological and statistical heterogeneity. Results suggest that certain interventions to enhance the accessibility of homes can have positive health and social effects. Home environments that lack accessibility modifications appropriate to the needs of their users are likely to result in people with physical impairments becoming disabled at home.

• MeSH
• architektonická přístupnost * MeSH
• bydlení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• omezení pohyblivosti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH