Acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated vagal transmission as well as nonneuronal ACh release are considered cardioprotective in pathological situations with increased sympathetic drive such as ischemia-reperfusion and cardiac remodeling. ACh action is terminated by hydrolysis by the cholinesterases (ChEs), acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase. Both ChEs exist in multiple molecular variants either soluble or anchored by specific anchoring proteins like collagen Q (ColQ) anchoring protein and proline-rich membrane anchoring protein (PRiMA). Here we assessed the expression of specific ChE molecular forms in different heart compartments using RT-qPCR. We show that both ChEs are expressed in all heart compartments but display different expression patterns. The acetylcholinesterase-T variant together with PRiMA and ColQ is predominantly expressed in rat atria. Butylcholinesterase is found in all heart compartments and is accompanied by both PRiMA and ColQ anchors. Its expression in the ventricular system suggests involvement in the nonneuronal cholinergic system. Additionally, two PRiMA variants are detected throughout the rat heart.
- MeSH
- acetylcholin metabolismus MeSH
- acetylcholinesterasa analýza metabolismus MeSH
- butyrylcholinesterasa analýza metabolismus MeSH
- GPI-vázané proteiny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- izoenzymy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- kolagen analýza metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- membránové proteiny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- myokard enzymologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- proteiny nervové tkáně analýza metabolismus MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Poisoning from chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as sarin is associated with neuronal degeneration. This damage is thought to result from glutamatergic excitotoxicity such as seen following kainic acid induced seizures. In order to search for novel neuroprotectants it is necessary to select good mouse models for susceptibility to nerve agent-induced seizures and the resulting neurodegeneration. The mouse strains tested (C57BL/6, ICR, DBA/2, SW, and FVB/N, Harlan Laboratory) had widely different sensitivity to sarin as shown by differences in the dose required resulting in 50% mortality, LD50. Differences also were observed among the strains in Fluoro-Jade C staining with the C57BL/6 and DBA having little to no staining when euthanized at 7 days whereas the other strains did. Differences in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity were found among the strains as well. The ICR strain was excluded from the FOB and weight data due to difficulty getting a consistent LD50. Weight loss and FOB scores were similar for all strains. All strains had inhibited AChE activity after sarin exposure and exhibited inhibition of CNS BuChE after sarin exposure but only ICR and SW reached significance.
- MeSH
- acetylcholinesterasa analýza krev MeSH
- butyrylcholinesterasa analýza krev MeSH
- chemické bojové látky otrava MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory aplikace a dávkování otrava MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- degenerace nervu * chemicky indukované patologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek účinky léků MeSH
- inbrední kmeny myší * MeSH
- LD50 MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši inbrední DBA MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neurony patologie účinky léků MeSH
- otrava organofosfáty MeSH
- pohybová aktivita účinky léků MeSH
- sarin * aplikace a dávkování otrava MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost účinky léků MeSH
- záchvaty chemicky indukované patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Determination of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity has become an important tool in drug design and discovery as well as in medicine and toxicology. There are a large number of compounds that are able to modulate cholinesterase activity. These compounds can be used for pharmacological management of various disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, myasthenia Gravis). Moreover, organophosphate poisoning is frequently diagnosed via a cholinesterase activity assay. This broad variety of methods has been developed over the past decades for cholinesterase activity quantification. AREAS COVERED: This review provides a summary of the methods that are based on specific properties of cholinesterases and their interactions with native or artificial substrates. The authors also aim to provide an overview of different techniques used for the determination of quantitative cholinesterase activity. Specifically, the authors describe and discuss the manometric, potentiometric, titrimetric, photometric, fluorometric, and radioisotopic methods. EXPERT OPINION: Existing methods are able to cover most of the problems that arise during cholinesterase activity determination. Colorimetry according to Ellman has proved to be the most useful and versatile approach. It may be used in various protocols for the determination of pesticide or nerve agent exposure or for the development of new drugs. Its possible improvement lies in optimization of hemoglobin-rich samples. The progress of the most common methods (including Ellman) depends on miniaturization and modern physical platforms (e.g., optical fibers, chip methods, or nanotechnologies).
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- butyrylcholinesterasa analýza metabolismus MeSH
- chemické bojové látky farmakologie MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické metody MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory farmakologie MeSH
- cholinesterasy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myasthenia gravis farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- racionální návrh léčiv MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The changes in cholinesterase activity in tissues were evaluated and compared with the reactivation potential of reactivators. As reactivators, (E)-1-(4-carbamoylpyridinium- 1-yl)-4-{4-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]pyridinium-1-yl} but-2-ene dibromide (K203) and common 1,3-bis{4- [(hydroxyimino)methyl]pyridinium-1-yl}-2-oxapropane dichloride (obidoxime) were used. The reactivation of both oximes was monitored in blood and blood plasma. The reactivation of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was higher using the newly synthesized K203.
- MeSH
- butyrylcholinesterasa analýza krev MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory analýza krev MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kolorimetrie metody MeSH
- oximy diagnostické užití MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- sarin analogy a deriváty analýza krev MeSH
- spektrofotometrie metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- acetylcholinesterasa analýza MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- butyrylcholinesterasa analýza MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
- inhalační expozice MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- organofosforové sloučeniny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- sarin analýza krev škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- butyrylcholinesterasa analýza MeSH
- luminiscence MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
