Aim: Today, there is a lack of research studies concerning human acute exposure to nanoparticles (NPs). Our investigation aimed to simulate real-world acute inhalation exposure to NPs released during work with dental nanocomposites in a dental office or technician laboratory. Methods: Blood samples from female volunteers were processed before and after inhalation exposure. Transcriptomic mRNA and miRNA expression changes were analyzed. Results: We detected large interindividual variability, 90 significantly deregulated mRNAs, and 4 miRNAs when samples of participants before and after dental nanocomposite grinding were compared. Conclusion: The results suggest that inhaled dental NPs may present an occupational hazard to human health, as indicated by the changes in the processes related to oxidative stress, synthesis of eicosanoids, and cell division.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inhalační expozice * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   MeSH
• mikro RNA * genetika   MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• nanokompozity * chemie   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• transkriptom * účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Úvod: Práce hasičů patří mezi rizikové z hlediska možného ohrožení zdraví. Během zásahů jsou hasiči vystavováni nebezpečným zplodinám hoření, které mohou mít akutní i chronický účinek. Cílem tohoto projektu bylo zjistit, k jakým změnám ve ventilačních parametrech dochází u hasičů časně po zásahu u požáru. Metodika: Projektu se účastnilo 24 hasičů (průměrný věk 37,1 let), kteří byli v rámci výcviku exponováni zplodinám hoření při hašení v zařízení simulujícím reálné prostředí požáru (flashover kontejner). Před zásahem, ihned po něm a druhý den byla provedena spirometrie. Před expozicí bylo provedeno měření vydechovaného oxidu dusnatého (FeNO) k posouzení možného alergického zánětu v dýchacích cestách. Výsledky: Průměrná hodnota FeNO byla u sledovaných osob 18,8 ppb (rozmezí 5–59). Při měření klidové spirometrie před zásahem byla u jedné osoby snížená hodnota FEV1 (usilovně vydechnutý objem za 1. sekundu), snížené hodnoty obstrukce v periferních dýchacích cestách (MEF – maximální průtoky vydechnutého vzduchu v různých úrovních usilovné vitální kapacity) byly nalezeny u 18 osob, zvýšená hodnota odporů v dýchacích cestách (Rocc) u 12 osob. Vitální kapacita (VC) plic byla u všech osob v normě. Ihned po cvičném zásahu došlo ve skupině sledovaných osob ke zlepšení průměrné hodnoty všech sledovaných ventilačních parametrů. Změny byly významné v parametrech FEV1, MEF25 (maximální průtok vydechnutého vzduchu v 25 % usilovné vitální kapacity), AEX (plocha pod výdechovou částí křivky) (p ≤ 0,001), FVC (usilovná vitální kapacita) a Rocc (p < 0,01). Druhý den došlo naopak ke zhoršení sledovaných ventilačních parametrů, a to jak vzhledem k hodnotám ihned po zásahu, tak i ke vstupním hodnotám. Změny druhý den po zásahu v porovnání s hodnotami před zásahem byly významné pro parametr VC, Rocc (p < 0,001), FEV1 (p < 0,01). Závěr: Sledování ventilačních parametrů během simulovaného požárního zásahu ukázalo, že ke zhoršení došlo až s odstupem – druhý den, a to v dynamických i statických parametrech. Z hlediska regenerace organismu hasičů je tedy velmi důležitá rekonvalescence ve dnech následujících po zásahu.

Introduction: The work of firefighters is one of the most risk in terms of potential health hazards. Firefighters are exposed to hazardous combustion products, which can have both acute and chronic effects. The aim of this project was to investigate what changes in ventilation parameters occur in firefighters early after a fire exposure. Methodology: Twenty-four firefighters (mean age 37.1 years) participated in the project and were exposed to combustion products during training in a device simulating a real fire exposure (flashover container). Spirometry was performed before, immediately after and the next day. Before exposure, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement was taken to assess possible allergic inflammation in the airways. Results: The mean FeNO value in the subjects was 18.8 ppb (range 5–59). When measuring resting spirometry before the intervention, one person had a reduced FEV1 value (forced expiratory volume in 1 second), reduced values of peripheral airway obstruction (MEF-maximal expiratory flow rates at different levels of forced vital capacity) were found in 18 persons, increased values of airway resistance (Rocc) in 12 persons. The vital capacity (VC) of the lungs was normal in all persons. Immediately after the training intervention, the mean value of all the monitored ventilatory parameters improved in the group of subjects. The changes were significant in the parameters FEV1, MEF25 (maximum expiratory flow rate at 25 % of the forced vital capacity), AEX (area under the expiratory part of the curve) (p ≤ 0.001), FVC (forced vital capacity) and Rocc (p < 0.01). On the second day, there was a deterioration of the monitored ventilatory parameters, both with respect to the values immediately after the exposure and to the initial values. Changes on the second day after the exposure compared to pre-exposure values were significant for the VC parameter, Rocc (p < 0.001), FEV1 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The monitoring of ventilation parameters during the simulated fire incident showed that the deterioration occurred only after the second day, both in dynamic and static parameters. Thus, from the point of view of the recovery of the firefighters’ organism, recovery in the days following the intervention is very important.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hasiči * MeSH
• inhalační expozice MeSH
• kouř škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření vydechovaného oxidu dusnatého * MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• spirometrie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In the previous project (GA CR #13-13458S) in newborns from Karvina compared to newborns from Ceske Budejovice (CB) were observed deregulation of gene expression in immune and brain development pathways. Therefore this cohort of children will be further followed. Pediatricians from the districts of Karvina and CB will fulfill the questionnaires about the morbidity of these children in the age of 3-5 years. These children will be examined by psychologist to follow their mental development. Outcome of this research should be information, if changes in gene expression affecting immunity increase the morbidity of children as well as if changes in gene expression affecting brain development affect mental development. Other cohort are newborns born in the districts of CB and Most, who were examined at delivery by the same methods. Pediatricians will fulfill the questionnaires about the morbidity of children up to 2 years of age and mothers questionnaire about the child. Outcome should be information, if air pollution in previous decades affects the morbidity of children.

V předchozí studii (GA ČR 13-13458S) byly u novorozenců z Karviné při srovnání s novorozenci z Českých Budějovic (ČB) pozorovány změny v expresi genů ovlivňujících imunitu a vývoj mozku. Proto budou tyto děti dále sledovány. U dětí ve věku 5 let z okresů ČB a Karviná budou pediatry vyplněny dotazníky o nemocnosti dětí ve věku 3-5 let. U dětí bude zajištěno psychologické vyšetření. Od každého dítěte bude získán vzorek moči. V moči budou stanoveny polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky (PAU). Bude analyzován vztah mezi nemocností dětí a výsledky stanovení biomarkerů při narození. Výsledkem výzkumu by měla být informace, zda změny v expresi genů ovlivňujících imunitu zvyšují nemocnost dětí, a zda změny v expresi genů ovlivňujících vývoj mozku ovlivňují jejich psychický vývoj. Druhou kohortou jsou děti narozené v okrese ČB a Most, u kterých byla při narození provedena stejná vyšetření. Pediatry budou vyplněny dotazníky o nemocnosti dětí do věku 2 let a matkami dotazník o dítěti. Výsledkem bude informace, zda zátěž znečištěným ovzduším v předchozích desetiletích ovlivňuje nemocnost dětí.

• MeSH
• inhalační expozice MeSH
• morbidita MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy epidemiologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší MeSH
• Check Tag
• předškolní dítě MeSH

• Konspekt
• Pediatrie
• NLK Obory
• pediatrie
• environmentální vědy
• epidemiologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

The aim of this work was to estimate the share of selected significant risk factors for respiratory cancer in the overall incidence of this disease and their comparison in two environmentally different burdened regions. A combination of a longitudinal cross-sectional population study with a US EPA health risk assessment methodology was used. The result of this procedure is the expression of lifelong carcinogenic risks and their contribution in the overall incidence of the disease. Compared to exposures to benzo[a]pyrene in the air and fibrogenic dust in the working air, several orders of magnitude higher share of the total incidence of respiratory cancer was found in radon exposures, for women 60% in the industrial area, respectively 100% in the non-industrial area, for men 24%, respectively 15%. The share of risks in workers exposed to fibrogenic dust was found to be 0.35% in the industrial area. For benzo[a]pyrene, the share of risks was below 1% and the share of other risk factors was in the monitored areas was up to 85%. The most significant share in the development of respiratory cancer in both monitored areas is represented by radon for women and other risk factors for men.

• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• inhalační expozice * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• karcinogeny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prach MeSH
• pracovní expozice * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• průmysl MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Nanomaterials are virtually ubiquitous as they are created by both natural processes and human activities. The amount of occupational exposure to unintentionally released nanoparticles can, therefore, be substantial. The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of incidental nanoparticles that workers can be exposed to during welding operations and to assess related health risks. The specific focus on welding operations was determined based on the fact that other case studies on the manufacturing industry confirm significant exposure to incidental nanoparticles during welding. In the Czech Republic, 92% of all industrial workers are employed in the manufacturing industry, where welding operations are amply represented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The particle number concentrations of particles in the size range of 20-1000 nm and particle mass concentrations of inhalable and PM1 fractions were determined via measurements carried out at 15-minute intervals for each welding operation by static sampling in close proximity to the worker. Measurements were obtained using the following instruments: NanoScan SMPS 3910, Optical Particle Sizer OPS 3330, P-TRAK 8525 and DustTrak DRX 8534. The assessed operations were manual arc welding and automatic welding. RESULTS: The observed average particle number concentrations for electric arc welders ranged 84×103-176×103 #/cm3, for welding machine operators 96×103-147×103 #/cm3, and for a welding locksmith the obtained average concentration was 179×103 #/cm3. The determined average mass concentration of PM1 particles ranged 0.45-1.4 mg/m3. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the conducted measurements, it was confirmed that there is a significant number of incidental nanoparticles released during welding operations in the manufacturing industry as a part of production and processing of metal products. The recommended occupational exposure limits for nanoparticle number concentrations were exceeded approximately 4-8 times for all assessed welding operations. The use of local exhaust ventilation in conjunction with personal protective equipment, including FFP2 or FFP3 particle filters, for welding is, therefore, recommended. Med Pr. 2021;72(3):219-30.

• MeSH
• inhalační expozice analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí * analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• nanočástice * MeSH
• pracovní expozice * analýza   MeSH
• svařování * MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The inhalation of metal (including lead) nanoparticles poses a real health issue to people and animals living in polluted and/or industrial areas. In this study, we exposed mice to lead(II) nitrate nanoparticles [Pb(NO3)2 NPs], which represent a highly soluble form of lead, by inhalation. We aimed to uncover the effects of their exposure on individual target organs and to reveal potential variability in the lead clearance. We examined (i) lead biodistribution in target organs using laser ablation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), (ii) lead effect on histopathological changes and immune cells response in secondary target organs and (iii) the clearance ability of target organs. In the lungs and liver, Pb(NO3)2 NP inhalation induced serious structural changes and their damage was present even after a 5-week clearance period despite the lead having been almost completely eliminated from the tissues. The numbers of macrophages significantly decreased after 11-week Pb(NO3)2 NP inhalation; conversely, abundance of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cells, which are responsible for augmented collagen production, increased in both tissues. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and selected cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), interleukin 6(IL-6), IL-1α and IL-1β , displayed a tissue-specific response to lead exposure. In summary, diminished inflammatory response in tissues after Pb(NO3)2 NPs inhalation was associated with prolonged negative effect of lead on tissues, as demonstrated by sustained pathological changes in target organs, even after long clearance period.

• MeSH
• aktiny agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• alveolární makrofágy účinky léků   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• aplikace inhalační MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• dusičnany farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• inhalační expozice analýza   MeSH
• interleukin-1alfa agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• interleukin-6 agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• myši inbrední ICR MeSH
• myši MeSH
• NF-kappa B agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• olovo farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• plíce účinky léků   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• poločas MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• TNF-alfa agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta1 agonisté   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Although the production of engineered nanoparticles increases our knowledge of toxicity and mechanisms of bioactivity during relevant exposures is lacking. In the present study mice were exposed to PbO nanoparticles (PbONP; 192.5 µg/m3; 1.93 × 106 particles/cm3) for 2, 5 and 13 weeks through continuous inhalation. The analyses addressed Pb and PbONP distribution in organs (lung, liver, kidney, brain) using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, as well as histopathology and analyses of oxidative stress biomarkers. New LC-MS/MS methods were validated for biomarkers of lipid damage F2-isoprostanes (8-iso-prostaglandins F2-alpha and E2) and hydroxylated deoxoguanosine (8-OHdG, marker of DNA oxidation). Commonly studied malondialdehyde was also measured as TBARS by HPLC-DAD. The study revealed fast blood transport and distribution of Pb from the lung to the kidney and liver. A different Pb accumulation trend was observed in the brain, suggesting transfer of NP along the nasal nerve to the olfactory bulbs. Long-term inhalation of PbONP caused lipid peroxidation in animal brains (increased levels of TBARS and both isoprostanes). Membrane lipid damage was also detected in the kidney after shorter exposures, but not in the liver or lung. On the contrary, longer exposures to PbONP increased levels of 8-OHdG in the lung and temporarily increased lung weight after 2 and 5 weeks of exposure. The histopathological changes observed mainly in the lung and liver indicated inflammation and general toxicity responses. The present long-term inhalation study indicates risks of PbONP to both human health and the environment.

• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• inhalační expozice škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové lipidy metabolismus   MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední ICR MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nanočástice metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• olovo metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• oxidy metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• plíce účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• poškození DNA * MeSH
• testy subchronické toxicity MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Rationale: Millions of workers around the world are exposed to respirable crystalline silica. Although silica is a confirmed human lung carcinogen, little is known regarding the cancer risks associated with low levels of exposure and risks by cancer subtype. However, little is known regarding the disease risks associated with low levels of exposure and risks by cancer subtype.Objectives: We aimed to address current knowledge gaps in lung cancer risks associated with low levels of occupational silica exposure and the joint effects of smoking and silica exposure on lung cancer risks.Methods: Subjects from 14 case-control studies from Europe and Canada with detailed smoking and occupational histories were pooled. A quantitative job-exposure matrix was used to estimate silica exposure by occupation, time period, and geographical region. Logistic regression models were used to estimate exposure-disease associations and the joint effects of silica exposure and smoking on risk of lung cancer. Stratified analyses by smoking history and cancer subtypes were also performed.Measurements and Main Results: Our study included 16,901 cases and 20,965 control subjects. Lung cancer odds ratios ranged from 1.15 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.27) to 1.45 (95% confidence interval, 1.31-1.60) for groups with the lowest and highest cumulative exposure, respectively. Increasing cumulative silica exposure was associated (P trend < 0.01) with increasing lung cancer risks in nonsilicotics and in current, former, and never-smokers. Increasing exposure was also associated (P trend ≤ 0.01) with increasing risks of lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. Supermultiplicative interaction of silica exposure and smoking was observed on overall lung cancer risks; superadditive effects were observed in risks of lung cancer and all three included subtypes.Conclusions: Silica exposure is associated with lung cancer at low exposure levels. An exposure-response relationship was robust and present regardless of smoking, silicosis status, and cancer subtype.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom plic epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inhalační expozice MeSH
• kouření cigaret MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malobuněčný karcinom epidemiologie   MeSH
• nádory plic epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• oxid křemičitý * MeSH
• pracovní expozice statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• silikóza epidemiologie   MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Kanada MeSH

Rationale: Although the carcinogenicity of diesel engine exhaust has been demonstrated in multiple studies, little is known regarding exposure-response relationships associated with different exposure subgroups and different lung cancer subtypes.Objectives: We expanded on a previous pooled case-control analysis on diesel engine exhaust and lung cancer by including three additional studies and quantitative exposure assessment to evaluate lung cancer and subtype risks associated with occupational exposure to diesel exhaust characterized by elemental carbon (EC) concentrations.Methods: We used a quantitative EC job-exposure matrix for exposure assessment. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate lung cancer odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with various metrics of EC exposure. Lung cancer excess lifetime risks (ELR) were calculated using life tables accounting for all-cause mortality. Additional stratified analyses by smoking history and lung cancer subtypes were performed in men.Measurements and Main Results: Our study included 16,901 lung cancer cases and 20,965 control subjects. In men, exposure response between EC and lung cancer was observed: odds ratios ranged from 1.09 (95% CI, 1.00-1.18) to 1.41 (95% CI, 1.30-1.52) for the lowest and highest cumulative exposure groups, respectively. EC-exposed men had elevated risks in all lung cancer subtypes investigated; associations were strongest for squamous and small cell carcinomas and weaker for adenocarcinoma. EC lung cancer exposure response was observed in men regardless of smoking history, including in never-smokers. ELR associated with 45 years of EC exposure at 50, 20, and 1 μg/m3 were 3.0%, 0.99%, and 0.04%, respectively, for both sexes combined.Conclusions: We observed a consistent exposure-response relationship between EC exposure and lung cancer in men. Reduction of workplace EC levels to background environmental levels will further reduce lung cancer ELR in exposed workers.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom plic epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inhalační expozice MeSH
• kouření cigaret epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malobuněčný karcinom epidemiologie   MeSH
• nádory plic epidemiologie   MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• pracovní expozice statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom epidemiologie   MeSH
• uhlík MeSH
• velkobuněčný karcinom epidemiologie   MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Kanada MeSH

Air pollution by wood dust in furniture production sites is an important hygiene issue. The dust is created by all types of wood and wood-based material machining, and its concentration in the working zone surrounding the machining stand depends on the effectiveness of the dust exhaust system. In present research, three setups of the dust extraction system for a conventional table sawing machine are considered while machining particleboards. The results showed a high impact of the exhaust system connection setup on the dust concentration in the air surrounding the sawing machine work stand. The use of both main and auxiliary sawdust extraction connectors together ensured the highest clearness of the air, with only 0.5 mg/m3 of dust concentration. Closing the upper hood leads to a concentration five times higher, while disconnecting it results in a ten times higher dust content. The finest dust particles (<1 µm), however, are the most numerous in the case of closing the hood.

• MeSH
• dřevo MeSH
• inhalační expozice MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí * MeSH
• prach * MeSH
• pracovní expozice * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH