Cíle . Cílem studie bylo posoudit psychometrické vlastnosti české adaptace Škály hodnocení struktury humoru (HSAS), která měří ocenění dvou strukturálních dimenzí humoru: inkongruence-vyřešení (INC-RES) a nesmyslnost (NON). Hodnocení struktury humoru bylo srovnáváno mezi českým a makedonským vzorkem a dále byla testována invariance měření. Účastníci a prostředí. Byly realizovány dvě online studie. První návrh české verze HSAS-CZ vytvořený s pomocí zpětného překladu byl administrován 145 účastníkům z České republiky. Ve druhé studii vyplnilo HSAS-CZ 346 subjektů z ČR spolu se Škálou potřeby kognitivního uzavření k posouzení konstruktové validity. A dále 562 respondentů z Makedonie, kterým byla administrována pouze původní verze HSAS. Výsledky . Analýza hlavních komponent nalez - la dvoufaktorové řešení, které vysvětlovalo 60,8 % rozptylu položkových skórů a poskytovalo uspokojivé faktorové zátěže. Druhá studie tuto faktorovou strukturu potvrdila. Výsledky konfirmační faktorové analýzy ukázaly, že dvoufaktorový model má přijatelnou shodu s daty (RMSEA = 0,053 [0,034, 0,072], CFI = 0,986, TLI = 0,981). Standardizované faktorové zátěže byly vysoké pro dimenzi INC-RES (λ = 0,62 až 0,79) i pro NON humor (λ = 0,57 až 0,80). Přítomnost konstruktové validity naznačuje fakt, že škály HSAS-CZ byly teoreticky spojeny s potřebou kognitivního uzavření. Vtipy byly shledány vtipnějšími u makedonského vzorku ve srovnání s českým o třetinu až polovinu směrodatné odchylky. Při analýze národnostních skupin byla nalezena přijatelná shoda u modelu striktní invariance měření, při srovnání s modely s méně restrikcemi je nicméně rozdíl v nábojích i reziduálních rozptylech statisticky významný. Omezení . Hlavním omezením studie je použití nepravděpodobnostních metod sběru dat.
Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of a Czech adaptation of the Humor Structure Appreciation Scale (HSAS) which measures appreciation of two structural dimensions of humor: incongruity-resolution (INC-RES), and nonsense (NON). Differences in humor structure appreciation were investigated between a Czech and a Macedonian sample, and measurement invariance was tested. Participants and setting. Two online studies were conducted. After a back-translation of the scale, the first proposal of the Czech version of the HSAS was given to 145 participants from the Czech Republic. In the second study, the HSAS-CZ was completed by a Czech sample of 346 subjects. A measure of the need for closure was also completed to assess construct validity. The Macedonian sample comprised of 562 subjects filled in only the original version of the HSAS. Results. Principal component analysis showed that the sum of variance explained by the two dimensions was 60.8%, and the factor loadings were satisfactory. The second study confirmed the factor structure of the scale. The results of the Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the two-factor model had an acceptable fit (RMSEA = .053 [.034, .072], CFI = .986, TLI = .981). The standardized factor loadings were high for INC-RES (λ = .62 to .79), as well as for NON humor (λ = .57 to 80). Initial construct validity was obtained. The HSAS-CZ scales were theoretically related to the need for closure. The jokes were found funnier by the Macedonian sample in comparison to the Czech by one third to one half standard deviation. Finally, a strict measurement invariance model comparing the Czech and Macedonian versions of the test showed an acceptable fit. However, significant differences were found in factor loadings as well as in residual variances.
Cílem této přehledové studie je shrnout teorii a praxi feministické a genderově citlivé psychoterapie v kontextu možného přispění k obecné koncepci a oboru psychoterapie. Záměrem tohoto článku je rovněž poskytnout ucelený přehled o daném tématu a upozornit na významné oblasti výzkumu. Feministická a genderově citlivá psychoterapie je relativně marginální oblastí a její postupy nejsou standardní součástí klasických psychoterapeutických metod. Tento směr však poskytuje mnohostranný pohled na konstrukci a stabilizaci lidské psychiky včetně duševního zdraví v sociopolitickém kontextu. České prostředí této oblasti nevěnuje příliš velkou pozornost, přestože sociopolitický aspekt duševního zdraví přitahuje stále větší zájem díky svým významným sdělením, které zavazují ženy a muže přemýšlet o zavedených společenských řádech a postupech. Náš přehled si klade za cíl shrnout stěžejní vrstvy argumentačních stanovisek této praxe kladoucí důraz na koncept zplnomocnění, a diskutovat výchozí zjištění těchto teoretických tvrzení na základě obsahové analýzy.
The review aims to summarize the theory and practice of feminist and gender-sensitive psychotherapy in the context of possible contributions to the general conception of psychotherapy and the psychotherapeutic field. The purpose of this review is the give a comprehensive overview of the topic and to highlight significant areas of research. Feminist and gender-sensitive psychotherapy is relatively marginal, and its procedures are not a standard part of classical psychotherapeutic methods. However, the approach provides a multifaceted view of constructing and stabilizing the human psyche and mental health in a sociopolitical context. The Czech environment has not given sufficient attention to this area, even though mental health's sociopolitical aspect attracts an increasing interest due to its remarkable statements obligating wo/men to think about established societal orders and procedures. Our review aims to summarize the crucial layers of argumentative standpoints of this empowering practice and discuss essential findings of these theoretical statements based on content analysis.
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies suggest that alcohol abuse has negative effects on cognitive and executive functions. Cognitive deficits in individuals with alcohol use disorders can have a negative impact on the success of treatment and reintegration into normal life and work. AIMS: The aim of this clinical comparative study was to evaluate selected cognitive and executive functions in clients treated for alcohol addiction using the comparison of a sample with the general population norm and to evaluate the potential use of such diagnostic information in treatment and aftercare. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: A wide battery of clinical tests was used: the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Trail Making Test (TMT), Numeric Square (CC), Verbal Fluency Test (FAS), Stroop Colour Word Test (SCWT), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), and Case History Questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: Our sample consisted of 59 clients (38 men and 21 women, mean age 41.7 years) with a diagnosis of moderate or severe alcohol use disorder admitted to treatment facilities in Kromìøíž and Šternberk and to the Olomouc-based aftercare centre. RESULTS: The majority of the cognitive function measures showed significant differences between clients with alcohol use disorders and the general population norm. The clients in treatment scored lower in AVLT, TMT, and FAS, while they were better than the norm in CC and SCWT. No correlation was found between the length of their history of excessive drinking and the test scores. After evaluating each respondent individually, we concluded that cognitive training could be recommended for 34 (58%) of the respondents. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed assessment of cognitive and executive functions using a manageable battery of methods and possible subsequent training in cognitive functions provided to clients in treatment and aftercare can be helpful in enhancing the success of treatment, facilitating social reintegration, and reducing the risk of relapse.
The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the overall context of a modified version of chamber restricted environmental stimulation (chamber REST; in a variation also known as “Darkness Therapy” - „DT“) on the meaning in life, mindfulness and self-esteem. The research sample consisted of 37 clients of the Beskydy Rehabilitation Centre in Čeladná who, based on their own decision, underwent a week-long stay under chamber REST conditions, between 15th March, 2012 and 14th November, 2013. The age ranged between 25 and 84 (M = 45.86; SD = 13.16). The sample consisted of 17 women and 20 men. The youngest woman was 25 years old and the oldest one was 71 years old. The youngest man was 25 years old and the oldest man was 84 years old. The respondents were selected by purposive voluntary sampling. Considering the education, 14 subjects completed secondary-school education, 23 of them completed university education. Considering the occupation, 3 respondents were retired, the remaining 34 were employed. All subjects, who participated in the research voluntarily and at their own expense, underwent technically the same process. It was a seven-day stay in a REST environment (absolute darkness, quiet and solitude). The participants stated and confirmed by their signature that they did not show any psychopathological reactions at that time, they did not take any psychopharmaceutical drugs and did not experience any significant physical ailments (acute illness, bleeding etc.) and they entered the experimental environment voluntarily. During the week the participants/clients were daily visited by a therapist with whom they could talk about any current issues. The duration of the interviews depended on their current needs, thirty to forty-five minutes on average. A week before the DT stay, each of the subjects filled in the following diagnostic questionnaires: Existence Scale (ES), Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Three weeks after they completed the procedure they received the same measures again. The data obtained were evaluated by the SPSS software. Normal distribution of data was verified by Shapiro-Wilk test. The effect of the experimental conditions was assessed by a pairedsample t-test or Wilcoxon paired-sample test. The distortion emerging as a result of multiple testing was eliminated by Bonferroni correction. Comparing the values measured prior to and after the stay in the researched modification of chamber REST environment (DT), we found a significant difference on all scales. Most of them remained significant even after applying the Bonferroni correction. Therefore, we concluded that the overall framework of the effect of the researched modification of chamber restricted environmental stimulation applied for a week has a positive influence on the respondents regarding the meaning in life (evaluated by ES), mindfulness (measured by FFMQ) and self-esteem (measured by RSES). No statistically significant differences were found as a function of gender or educational level.
- Klíčová slova
- terapie tmou,
- MeSH
- fototerapie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychologické testy MeSH
- sebepojetí * MeSH
- sebezhodnocení (psychologie) * MeSH
- tma MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Introduction: The main objective of this paper is to analyze the development of cognitive functions and the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on the process of brain ageing in the context of the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methodology: Research has a character of a quantitative non- randomized intervention study in which the eff ect of cognitive rehabilitation in the sample (ALL, N = 67), aged from 18 to 70 years, is observed. The research sample was divided into three groups. The NEURO group (n = 38) included patients meeting criteria for a Mild Cogntive Impairment (MCI). Th e APHASIA group (n = 15) included people with an expres sive type of aphasia and a brain damage. The NORM control group (n = 14) included people without a brain damage, but exhibiting a functional cognitive deficit of a mild neurocognitive impairment. A cognitive rehabilitation eff ect was evaluated with the Addenbrook cognitive test, a revised version, 2010 (ACE-R), and with the overall IQ score of the WAIS III neuropsychological test. A subjective change was determined with the Clinical Global Impression psychiatric scale (CGI). Results: A statistically significant effect of cognitive rehabilitation with parameters ACE-R, IQ and a verbal fluency test was confi rmed in all monitored groups. In the APHASIA clinical sample, no statistically signifi cant eff ect was found in any researched verbal subtests, except of signifi cant improvements in cognitive fl exibility and verbal fluency. A non-cognitive eff ect, such as changes in perception in terms of reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms, was found in the NEURO sample. A small number of valid examinations and the need to use a non-parametric test limited the acquired data. Conclusion: The eff ect of cognitive rehabilitation on the development of better cognitive functioning of every person was detected and verified. There was no difference of this effect within the examined groups found.
- MeSH
- afázie * rehabilitace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- inteligenční testy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * rehabilitace MeSH
- kognitivní remediace * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- testy pro posouzení mentálních funkcí a demence statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Z důvodů vysoké prevalence užívání drog a rizikového chování u dětí a dospívajících a nedostatku programů indikované prevence, které se realizují ve školách v České republice, implementujeme do Českého prostředí efektivní program indikované prevence. Program Preventure vznikl v Kanadě v roce 2001, prošel testováním efektivity a vykazuje velmi slibné parametry a byl implementován v dalších zemích (např. Velká Británie, Nizozemí, Austrálie atd.). Tento program se skládá ze dvou částí, diagnostického screeningového dotazníku a intervenčních setkání face-to-face. Určen je pro cílovou skupinu dětí ve věku 12-15 let. CÍLE: Článek popisuje proces převodu a implementace indikované prevence do českého prostředí. Zároveň popisuje výsledky hodnocení tohoto procesu. kTÝSLEDKY: Metoda byla implementována dle kroků EMCDDA, konkrétně se jednalo o překlad a standardizaci diagnostického nástroje Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS). Dále překlad, adaptaci a grafickou úpravu metodických materiálů a podnětových sešitů pro žáky. Proběhl výcvik trenérů a školení facilitátorů metody Preventure. Realizovali jsme pilotní studii s programem, v návaznosti na to proběhly ohniskové skupiny a booster sessions po půl roce. Analýza zkušeností získaných z pilotního testování vedla k finální úpravě materiálů. ZÁVĚR: Program byl úspěšně adaptován na českou populaci a v pilotní fázi ním byly pozitivní zkušenosti. V současné době dochází k návrhu designu na realizaci randomizované kontrolované (RCT) studie efektivity Preventure. Metoda Preventure indikované prevence může po úspěšném ověření její efektivity zaplnit prázdné místo v preventivních aktivitách realizovaných na českých školách.
BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of drug use and other forms of risk behaviour among children and adolescents, only a few indicated prevention programmes are delivered in Czech schools. Therefore, we decided to implement Preventure in the Czech setting. It is an evidence-based indicated prevention programme which was developed in Canada in 2001. The programme was tested for its effectiveness and shows very promising results. It is intended for children aged 12-15. AIMS: The manuscript describes the process of adapting and implementing this indicated prevention tool in the Czech setting, as well as presenting the results of the evaluation of the process. RESULTS: The method was implemented following the steps proposed by the EMCDDA. Specifically, it involved the translation and standardisation of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS). The methodological guidelines and student handbooks were translated, adapted, and modified in graphic terms. Preventure trainers and facilitators were trained. The programme was tested in a pilot study followed by focus groups and booster sessions six months later. Analysis of the experience obtained during the pilot testing was used to make the final adjustments of the materials. CONCLUSION: The positive outcomes of the pilot stage of the implementation of the programme suggested that its adaptation to the Czech population was successful. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) is currently being designed to test the effectiveness of Preventure .If its effectiveness in the Czech setting is demonstrated, this method of indicated prevention may fill a gap in the preventive activities in Czech schools.
- Klíčová slova
- program Preventure, Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS),
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kouření MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- návykové chování * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- osobnostní testy MeSH
- pilotní projekty * MeSH
- pití alkoholu prevence a kontrola MeSH
- prevence kouření MeSH
- programy Healthy People * MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- školy MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
