RNA of Kyzylagach virus (KYZV), a Sindbis-like mosquito-borne alphavirus from Western equine encephalitis virus complex, was detected in four pools (out of 221 pools examined), encompassing 10,784 female Culex modestus mosquitoes collected at a fishpond in south Moravia, Czech Republic, with a minimum infection rate of 0.04%. This alphavirus was never detected in Central Europe before.

• MeSH
• Culicidae virologie   MeSH
• infekce alfaviry přenos   virologie   MeSH
• komáří přenašeči virologie   MeSH
• virus Sindbis * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Here, we provide the first mass molecular screening of medically important mosquitoes for Bartonella species using multiple genetic markers. We examined a total of 72,115 mosquito specimens, morphologically attributed to Aedes vexans (61,050 individuals), Culex pipiens (10,484 individuals) and species of the Anopheles maculipennis complex (581 individuals) for Bartonella spp. The initial screening yielded 63 Bartonella-positive A. vexans mosquitoes (mean prevalence 0.1%), 34 Bartonella-positive C. pipiens mosquitoes (mean prevalence 0.3%) and 158 Bartonella-positive A. maculipennis group mosquitoes (mean prevalence 27.2%). Several different Bartonella ITS sequences were recovered. This study highlights the need for molecular screening of mosquitoes, the most important vectors of arthropod-borne pathogens, for potential bacterial agents.

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny genetika   MeSH
• Bartonella klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Culicidae klasifikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Bartonella epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• komáří přenašeči klasifikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

We report the distribution of mosquitoes of the maculipennis complex in two distinct areas of the Czech Republic (Bohemia and South Moravia) and in one locality of neighbouring Slovakia with emphasis on the detection of the newly described cryptic species Anopheles daciae (Linton, Nicolescu & Harbach, 2004). A total of 691 mosquitoes were analysed using a species-specific multiplex PCR assay to differentiate between the members of the maculipennis complex. In the Czech Republic, we found Anopheles maculipennis (with a prevalence rate of 1.4%), Anopheles messeae (49.0%) and Anopheles daciae (49.6%). In Slovakia, only An. messeae (52.1%) and An. daciae (47.9%) were detected. In this study, An. daciae was documented for the first time in the two countries where it represented a markedly higher proportion of maculipennis complex species (with an overall prevalence almost reaching 50%) in comparison to previous reports from Germany, Romania and Poland. The determination of the differential distribution of maculipennis complex species will contribute to assessing risks of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria or dirofilariasis.

• MeSH
• Anopheles parazitologie   MeSH
• Culicidae parazitologie   MeSH
• dirofilarióza epidemiologie   parazitologie   přenos   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• hmyz - vektory parazitologie   MeSH
• malárie epidemiologie   parazitologie   přenos   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH

In the framework of a regional collaborative project between authorities and scientists, evidence was found of repeated introduction of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) alongside the main road entrances (E461 and E65) connecting Austria and the Slovak Republic with the Czech Republic. In comparison to data from 2012 (17 specimens collected on three occasions), the seasons 2016 (66 specimens on ten occasions) and 2017 (90 specimens on eight occasions) show an apparent increase of introduction events as well as of mosquito numbers and underline the need for more intense surveillance activities.

• MeSH
• Aedes virologie   MeSH
• entomologie * MeSH
• hmyz - vektory MeSH
• zavlečené druhy * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

V roce 2015 a 2016 jsme opakovaně detegovali neuroinvazivní linii 2 viru West Nile (WNV-2) v komárech Culex modestus a Cx. pipiens v oblasti rybníků Lednicko-valtického areálu. Tato linie je geneticky shodná s WNV, který byl na daném území poprvé zachycen při rozsáhlém monitorování v roce 2013 a také s kmeny WNV cirkulujícími v současnosti v jižní a střední Evropě. Opakovaný záchyt WNV v komárech naznačuje setrvalý výskyt viru v dané lokalitě a současně varuje infekcionisty a epidemiology před možnými lidskými případy nebo dokonce epidemií západonilské horečky v tomto regionu.

Here we report repeated detection of lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV-2) from Culex modestus and Cx. pipiens mosquitoes collected at fishponds in the Lednice-Valtice Area during the mosquito seasons 2015 and 2016. The WNV strains recovered share genetic homology with WNV strains isolated during an extensive monitoring in 2013 as well as with strains circulating in southern and central Europe at the same time. Repeated detection of WNV indicates its establishment in the area and also warns infection specialists and epidemiologists about possible emergence of human cases or even outbreaks of West Nile fever in the region.

• MeSH
• arboviry izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Culex parazitologie   patogenita   MeSH
• hmyz - vektory MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• moskyti - kontrola metody   MeSH
• virus západního Nilu * patogenita   MeSH
• zoonózy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Despite long-term research on dirofilariosis in Slovakia, little attention has thus far been paid to Dirofilaria vectors. The particular aim of the present study was molecular screening for filarioid parasites in two different habitats of Bratislava, the capital city of Slovakia. In addition, the effect of urbanisation on mosquito species abundance and composition, associated with the risk of mosquito-borne infections, was studied and discussed. METHODS: Mosquitoes were identified by morphological features, and molecular methods were also used for determination of selected individuals belonging to cryptic species from the Anopheles maculipennis and Culex pipiens complexes. The presence of filarioid DNA (Dirofilaria repens, Dirofilaria immitis and Setaria spp.) was detected using standard PCR approaches and sequencing. RESULTS: A total of 6957 female mosquitoes were collected for the study. Overall, the most abundant mosquito species was Aedes vexans, closely followed by unidentified members of the Cx. pipiens complex and the less numerous but still plentiful Ochlerotatus sticticus species. Further investigation of mosquito material revealed 4.26% relative prevalence of Dirofilaria spp., whereby both species, D. repens and D. immitis, were identified. The majority of positive mosquito pools had their origin in a floodplain area on the outskirts of the city, with a relative prevalence of 5.32%; only two mosquito pools (1.26%) were shown to be positive in the residential zone of Bratislava. Setaria spp. DNA was not detected in mosquitoes within this study. CONCLUSIONS: The study presented herein represents initial research focused on molecular mosquito screening for filarioid parasites in urban and urban-fringe habitats of Bratislava, Slovakia. Molecular analyses within the Cx. pipiens complex identified two biotypes: Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens and Cx. pipiens biotype molestus. To our knowledge, Dirofilaria spp. were detected for the first time in Slovakia in mosquitoes other than Ae. vexans, i.e. D. repens in Anopheles messeae and unidentified members of An. maculipennis and Cx. pipiens complexes, and D. immitis in Coquillettidia richiardii and Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens. Both dirofilarial species were found in Och. sticticus. The suitable conditions for the vectors' biology would represent the main risk factor for dirofilariosis transmission.

• MeSH
• Anopheles anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Culex anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Dirofilaria immitis genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Dirofilaria repens genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dirofilarióza epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• komáří přenašeči anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• populační dynamika * MeSH
• Setaria (Nematoda) genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• setariáza epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• urbanizace * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) is currently the most important mosquito-borne pathogen spreading in Europe. Data on overwintering of WNV in mosquitoes are crucial for understanding WNV circulation in Europe; nonetheless, such data were not available so far. RESULTS: A total of 28,287 hibernating mosquitoes [27,872 Culex pipiens, 73 Anopheles maculipennis (sensu lato), and 342 Culiseta annulata], caught in February or March between 2011 and 2017 in a WNV-endemic region of South Moravia, Czech Republic, were screened for the presence of WNV RNA. No WNV positive pools were found from 2011 to 2016, while lineage 2 WNV RNA was detected in three pools of Culex pipens mosquitoes collected in 2017 at two study sites. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of WNV RNA in overwintering mosquitoes in Europe. The data support the hypothesis of WNV persistence in mosquitoes throughout the winter season in Europe.

• MeSH
• Culicidae virologie   MeSH
• hmyz - vektory virologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• virus západního Nilu genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• západonilská horečka epidemiologie   přenos   virologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

Antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) were examined by plaque-reduction neutralization test in the blood sera of 1023 wild artiodactyls: 105 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 148 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 287 fallow deer (Dama dama), 71 mouflons (Ovis musimon), and 412 wild boars (Sus scrofa), sampled in South Moravian district of Breclav (Czech Republic) in the years 1990-2008. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 5.9% of wild ruminants (4.8% roe deer, 4.1% red deer, 6.3% fallow deer, 9.9% mouflons) and 4.1% of wild boars, with titers ranging between 1:20 and 1:320. The results indicate that WNV has circulated in wild artiodactyls at a variable frequency during the years in the area.

• MeSH
• Artiodactyla * MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• divoká zvířata * MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky krev   MeSH
• protilátky virové krev   MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• virus západního Nilu izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• západonilská horečka krev   epidemiologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

In this study, we screened a total of 2473 questing (years 2011-2014) and 199 engorged (years 2013 and 2014) Ixodes ricinus ticks for the presence of Rickettsia spp., "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis", Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia spp. Host-seeking ticks were collected at three study sites corresponding to natural woodland, urban park and pastureland ecosystem, and analyzed using molecular techniques. All pathogens tested were present at all study sites. The prevalence rates for Rickettsia spp., 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis', Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia spp. ranged from 2.6% to 9.2%, 0.8% to 11.6%, 0% to 12.1%, and 0% to 5.2%, respectively. Engorged I. ricinus ticks collected from sheep on pastureland in the years 2013 and 2014 yielded prevalence rates 7.4% and 6.3%, respectively, for Rickettsia spp., 38.5% and 14.1% for 'Candidatus N. mikurensis', 18.5% and 12.5% for A. phagocytophilum, and 4.4% and 0.0% for Babesia spp. Monitoring of neglected tick-borne pathogens within the scope of epidemiological surveillance is an important tool for prevention and control of human tick-borne infections.

• MeSH
• Anaplasma phagocytophilum izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Babesia izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• klíště mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Rickettsia izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Tick-borne rickettsioses nowadays present a significant health threat among emerging tick-borne infections. In the study, we screened a total of 997 questing adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks (576 females and 421 males) collected in Southern Moravia (Czech Republic) from April to September of 2010 and 2011 for the presence of human pathogenic rickettsiae. Here we provide the first evidence on the occurrence of human pathogenic Rickettsia raoultii in the local D. reticulatus population indicating possible future emergence of Dermacentor-borne necrotic erythema and lymphadenopathy (DEBONEL) in the region.

• MeSH
• Dermacentor mikrobiologie   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• Rickettsia klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH