V roce 2015 a 2016 jsme opakovaně detegovali neuroinvazivní linii 2 viru West Nile (WNV-2) v komárech Culex modestus a Cx. pipiens v oblasti rybníků Lednicko-valtického areálu. Tato linie je geneticky shodná s WNV, který byl na daném území poprvé zachycen při rozsáhlém monitorování v roce 2013 a také s kmeny WNV cirkulujícími v současnosti v jižní a střední Evropě. Opakovaný záchyt WNV v komárech naznačuje setrvalý výskyt viru v dané lokalitě a současně varuje infekcionisty a epidemiology před možnými lidskými případy nebo dokonce epidemií západonilské horečky v tomto regionu.
Here we report repeated detection of lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV-2) from Culex modestus and Cx. pipiens mosquitoes collected at fishponds in the Lednice-Valtice Area during the mosquito seasons 2015 and 2016. The WNV strains recovered share genetic homology with WNV strains isolated during an extensive monitoring in 2013 as well as with strains circulating in southern and central Europe at the same time. Repeated detection of WNV indicates its establishment in the area and also warns infection specialists and epidemiologists about possible emergence of human cases or even outbreaks of West Nile fever in the region.
- MeSH
- arboviry izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Culex parazitologie patogenita MeSH
- hmyz - vektory MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola metody MeSH
- virus západního Nilu * patogenita MeSH
- zoonózy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The rapid succession of the pandemic of arbovirus diseases, such as dengue, West Nile fever, chikungunya, and Zika fever, has intensified research on these and other arbovirus diseases worldwide. Investigating the unique mode of vector-borne transmission requires a clear understanding of the roles of vertebrates. One major obstacle to this understanding is the ambiguity of the arbovirus definition originally established by the World Health Organization. The paucity of pertinent information on arbovirus transmission at the time contributed to the notion that vertebrates played the role of reservoir in the arbovirus transmission cycle. Because this notion is a salient feature of the arbovirus definition, it is important to reexamine its validity. This review addresses controversial issues concerning vertebrate reservoirs and their role in arbovirus persistence in nature, examines the genesis of the problem from a historical perspective, discusses various unresolved issues from multiple points of view, assesses the present status of the notion in light of current knowledge, and provides options for a solution to resolve the issue.
- MeSH
- arbovirové infekce přenos virologie MeSH
- arboviry izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Culicidae virologie MeSH
- dengue přenos virologie MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- infekce virem zika přenos virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- obratlovci virologie MeSH
- západonilská horečka přenos MeSH
- zdroje nemoci virologie MeSH
- zoonózy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
In the study, we screened a total of 399 adult sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus) for the presence of RNA and DNA specific for arboviral, bacterial, and protozoan vector-borne pathogens. All investigated keds were negative for flaviviruses, phleboviruses, bunyaviruses, Borrelia burgdorferi, Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis," and Babesia spp. All ked pools were positive for Bartonella DNA. The sequencing of the amplified fragments of the gltA and 16S-23S rRNA demonstrated a 100 % homology with Bartonella melophagi previously isolated from a sheep ked and from human blood in the USA. The identification of B. melophagi in sheep keds in Central Europe highlights needs extending a list of hematophagous arthropods beyond ticks and mosquitoes for a search of emerging arthropod-borne pathogens.
- MeSH
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Anaplasmataceae genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- arboviry genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Babesia genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Bartonella genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Diptera mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci ovcí epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- Rickettsia genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are a major public health threat in many countries worldwide. In Central Europe, West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV), both belonging to the Japanese encephalitis virus group (Flaviviridae) have emerged in the last decennium. Surveillance of mosquito vectors for arboviruses is a sensitive tool to evaluate virus circulation and consequently to estimate the public health risk. METHODS: Mosquitoes (Culicidae) were collected at South-Moravian (Czech Republic) fishponds between 2010 and 2014. A total of 61,770 female Culex modestus Ficalbi mosquitoes, pooled to 1,243 samples, were examined for flaviviruses by RT-PCR. RESULTS: One pool proved positive for USUV RNA. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that this Czech USUV strain is closely related to Austrian and other Central European strains of the virus. In addition, nine strains of WNV lineage 2 were detected in Cx. modestus collected in the same reed bed ecosystem. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first detection of USUV in Cx. modestus. The results indicate that USUV and WNV may co-circulate in a sylvatic cycle in the same habitat, characterised by the presence of water birds and Cx. modestus mosquitoes, serving as hosts and vectors, respectively, for both viruses.
- MeSH
- arboviry genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Culex virologie MeSH
- Culicidae virologie MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- encefalitida přenášená členovci epidemiologie MeSH
- epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hmyz - vektory virologie MeSH
- infekce viry z rodu Flavivirus epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- ptáci MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- virus západního Nilu genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- viry japonské encefalitidy genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- západonilská horečka epidemiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
- MeSH
- arbovirové infekce * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- arboviry * izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- hemoragická horečka dengue epidemiologie terapie virologie MeSH
- infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přenos infekční nemoci prevence a kontrola MeSH
- virus encefalitidy Murray Valley patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- virus Ross River patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
- Tichomořské ostrovy MeSH
The objective of this chapter is to provide an updated and concise systematic review on taxonomy, history, arthropod vectors, vertebrate hosts, animal disease, and geographic distribution of all arboviruses known to date to cause disease in homeotherm (endotherm) vertebrates, except those affecting exclusively man. Fifty arboviruses pathogenic for animals have been documented worldwide, belonging to seven families: Togaviridae (mosquito-borne Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalilitis viruses; Sindbis, Middelburg, Getah, and Semliki Forest viruses), Flaviviridae (mosquito-borne yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, West Nile, Usutu, Israel turkey meningoencephalitis, Tembusu and Wesselsbron viruses; tick-borne encephalitis, louping ill, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Kyasanur Forest disease, and Tyuleniy viruses), Bunyaviridae (tick-borne Nairobi sheep disease, Soldado, and Bhanja viruses; mosquito-borne Rift Valley fever, La Crosse, Snowshoe hare, and Cache Valley viruses; biting midges-borne Main Drain, Akabane, Aino, Shuni, and Schmallenberg viruses), Reoviridae (biting midges-borne African horse sickness, Kasba, bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer, Ibaraki, equine encephalosis, Peruvian horse sickness, and Yunnan viruses), Rhabdoviridae (sandfly/mosquito-borne bovine ephemeral fever, vesicular stomatitis-Indiana, vesicular stomatitis-New Jersey, vesicular stomatitis-Alagoas, and Coccal viruses), Orthomyxoviridae (tick-borne Thogoto virus), and Asfarviridae (tick-borne African swine fever virus). They are transmitted to animals by five groups of hematophagous arthropods of the subphyllum Chelicerata (order Acarina, families Ixodidae and Argasidae-ticks) or members of the class Insecta: mosquitoes (family Culicidae); biting midges (family Ceratopogonidae); sandflies (subfamily Phlebotominae); and cimicid bugs (family Cimicidae). Arboviral diseases in endotherm animals may therefore be classified as: tick-borne (louping ill and tick-borne encephalitis, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Kyasanur Forest disease, Tyuleniy fever, Nairobi sheep disease, Soldado fever, Bhanja fever, Thogoto fever, African swine fever), mosquito-borne (Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitides, Highlands J disease, Getah disease, Semliki Forest disease, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, Usutu disease, Israel turkey meningoencephalitis, Tembusu disease/duck egg-drop syndrome, Wesselsbron disease, La Crosse encephalitis, Snowshoe hare encephalitis, Cache Valley disease, Main Drain disease, Rift Valley fever, Peruvian horse sickness, Yunnan disease), sandfly-borne (vesicular stomatitis-Indiana, New Jersey, and Alagoas, Cocal disease), midge-borne (Akabane disease, Aino disease, Schmallenberg disease, Shuni disease, African horse sickness, Kasba disease, bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer, Ibaraki disease, equine encephalosis, bovine ephemeral fever, Kotonkan disease), and cimicid-borne (Buggy Creek disease). Animals infected with these arboviruses regularly develop a febrile disease accompanied by various nonspecific symptoms; however, additional severe syndromes may occur: neurological diseases (meningitis, encephalitis, encephalomyelitis); hemorrhagic symptoms; abortions and congenital disorders; or vesicular stomatitis. Certain arboviral diseases cause significant economic losses in domestic animals-for example, Eastern, Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitides, West Nile encephalitis, Nairobi sheep disease, Rift Valley fever, Akabane fever, Schmallenberg disease (emerged recently in Europe), African horse sickness, bluetongue, vesicular stomatitis, and African swine fever; all of these (except for Akabane and Schmallenberg diseases) are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE, 2012).
- MeSH
- arbovirové infekce epidemiologie přenos veterinární virologie MeSH
- arboviry klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- členovci - vektory klasifikace virologie MeSH
- dezinsekce MeSH
- divoká zvířata MeSH
- fylogeografie MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata MeSH
- lékařská topografie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Předmětem této práce je virologické vyšetření komárů, odchycených na jižní Moravě (Břeclavsko), očkováním na buněčné kultury Vero a identifikace z nich izolovaných agens pomocí virus neutralizačního mikrotestu. Celkem bylo vyšetřeno 9742 samiček komárů třinácti druhů, ze kterých se podařilo získat dva izoláty orthobunyaviru Ťahyňa (z komárů Aedes vexans) a jeden izolát flaviviru West Nile (z Aedes rossicus); všechny tři izoláty pocházely z odchytu komárů v roce 2006. Ae. rossicus by mohl představovat nového vektora viru West Nile.
The main goals of the study were to carry out virus isolation attempts on Vero cell cultures from mosquitoes collected in southern Moravia (Břeclav district, Czech Republic) and to identify the isolates using a microtiter virus neutralization test. A total of 9.742 female mosquitoes belonging to 13 species were examined, and three viral strains were isolated, all from the mosquitoes collected in 2006: two of these isolates were identified as Ťahyňa Orthobunyavirus (both obtained from Aedes vexans mosquitoes) and one was West Nile flavivirus (obtained from Aedes rossicus mosquitoes). Ae. rossicus might be a new vector for West Nile virus.
- Klíčová slova
- lužní ekosystém, přírodní ohnisko, virus neutralizační test, virus Ťahyňa, virus West Nile,
- MeSH
- arboviry izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Culicidae virologie MeSH
- Vero buňky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Six viral isolates were obtained from 23,243 female mosquitoes (examined in 513 pools) belonging to 16 species and collected along the lower reaches of the Dyje River in South Moravia (Czech Republic, central Europe) during 2006-2008: five isolates of Orthobunyavirus Tahyna (TAHV, California group, family Bunyaviridae: three isolations from Aedes vexans (Meigen), one from Ae. sticticus (Meigen), one from Culex modestus Ficalbi); and one isolation of Flavivirus West Nile (WNV, Japanese encephalitis group, family Flaviviridae)-strain Rabensburg (proposed lineage 3 of WNV) from Ae. rossicus (Dolbeshkin et al). All viral isolates were recovered from mosquitoes collected in 2006 (15,882 mosquitoes examined), while no virus was isolated from mosquitoes trapped in 2007 and 2008, when 1,555 and 5,806 mosquitoes were examined, respectively. The population density of local mosquitoes was very low in 2007 and 2008 because of warm and dry summer including a considerably low water table, compared with environmental conditions favorable for mosquito development in 2006. The virus isolation procedure was based on intracerebral inoculation of newborn mice. In parallel, more than one-third of the samples (183 pools consisting of 8,470 individual mosquitoes) were also examined by inoculating Vero cell cultures in Leighton tubes. However, the latter method detected only three of the six virus isolates (including WNV-Rabensburg). Ae. rossicus is a new potential vector for WNV-Rabensburg. This species feeds mostly on mammals including man; this raises the question whether this virus lineage is not adapted to an alternative mosquito-mammal cycle in the South-Moravian natural focus.
- MeSH
- arboviry genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Culex virologie MeSH
- Culicidae virologie MeSH
- DNA primery MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- myši virologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- RNA virová genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- substituce aminokyselin MeSH
- virové proteiny genetika MeSH
- virus západního Nilu genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- viry kalifornské encefalitidy genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- západonilská horečka mortalita veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši virologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
