The study investigated the effects of postnatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the development of the rat ovary. Neonates were injected on each postnatal day 1-14 with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benz(a)anthracene (BaA) and benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) (0.1, 1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg kg(-1)), ethynylestradiol (EE; 1.0 µg kg(-1)) or a vehicle (control group). The rats were killed on day 23. Postnatal exposure to BaP increased the total number of antral follicles in ovaries (P < 0.05) and the number of nonatretic follicles (P < 0.01) as a result of a lower degree of apoptosis of granulosa cells, and the thickness of theca cell layers (P < 0.01). Similar histological findings were observed after BaA administration. Conversely, BkF exposure caused a decrease in the number of antral follicles, but did not alter the other investigated parameters. Degeneration of primordial oocytes after exposure to PAHs was observed only after exposure to BaP. Treatment with BaP at doses of 1.0 and 10.0 mg kg(-1) impaired 28.1 and 60.3% of the primordial follicles, respectively. Substantial alterations in ovarian ERβ expression were detected in the rats; their intensity differed with the type of PAH. Response of the ovaries to EE (three injections of 1.0 µg kg(-1) on postnatal days 20-22) in rats exposed to PAHs was suppressed in contrast to the controls. The study showed that postnatal exposure to BaP, BaA and BkF altered ovarian ERβ expression, disturbed morphological development of the ovaries and caused ovarian dysfunction in immature rats.

• MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory toxicita   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• nemoci ovaria chemicky indukované   patologie   MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• ovarium účinky léků   růst a vývoj   patologie   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky toxicita   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• stárnutí patologie   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The virulence factors EAST1 and AIDA are often detected in ETEC/VTEC strains isolated from pigs and their role in diarrhoeal infections is discussed. In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of AIDA, the colonisation patterns of F4 positive and AIDA positive strains were investigated. Two wild-type Escherichia coli strains AIDA/EAST1 and F4/EAST1 isolated from diarrhoeal piglets were used for animal experiment to evaluate the ability of the EAST1 toxin to be involved in induction of diarrhoea. Gnotobiotic piglets were supplemented with normal porcine serum and orally inoculated with the strains. Faecal bacterial shedding of the challenge strains was observed during the experiment. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to detect the colonisation pattern of both challenge strains. Although bacterial isolation demonstrated shedding of the challenge strains until the end of the experiment, diarrhoea did not develop in any piglet. Based on histological examination, piglets were more heavily colonised in the case of infection with E. coli O149/F4/EAST1 strain. Scanning electron microscopy showed bacterial cells of F4/EAST1 E. coli adhering to enterocytes, in contrast to AIDA/EAST1 which were poorly present on the intestinal surface. The EAST1 toxin alone was not able to induce diarrhoea in animals. Therefore our results demonstrate that the function/role of EAST1 and AIDA in colibacillosis of pigs remains to be elucidated.

• MeSH
• bakteriální adheziny imunologie   MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny imunologie   MeSH
• enterotoxiny imunologie   MeSH
• Escherichia coli imunologie   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• gnotobiologické modely imunologie   MeSH
• imunohistochemie veterinární   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli imunologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací veterinární   MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• nemoci prasat imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nemoci střev imunologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli imunologie   MeSH
• průjem imunologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Although Pasteurella multocida serogroup F has been described as an avian-adapted serogroup, it was recently found in rabbit nests in the Czech Republic. Therefore, the ability of 2 avian P. multocida serogroup F strains to induce disease in rabbits was investigated. Two groups of 18 Pasteurella-free rabbits were intranasally challenged with strains isolated from chickens and turkeys. Half of the animals in each challenge group were immunosuppressed using dexamethasone. All of the challenged rabbits exhibited clinical signs of peracute septicemic disease, ending with shock, and died or were euthanized in the terminal stages of the disease 1 to 2 d post-infection. Gross pathological changes included systemic vascular collapse and vascular leak syndrome. Hyperemia, hemorrhage, edema, inflammatory cell infiltrates, focal necrosis, and degenerative changes were observed histologically in parenchymatous organs. This is the first study directly demonstrating that avian P. multocida serogroup F strains are highly virulent in rabbits and that avian hosts cannot be excluded as a possible source of rabbit infection with serogroup F.

• MeSH
• cholera veterinární   MeSH
• DNA bakterií analýza   genetika   MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Pasteurella mikrobiologie   patologie   přenos   veterinární   MeSH
• králíci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• krocani mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kur domácí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci drůbeže MeSH
• Pasteurella multocida klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza veterinární   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií veterinární   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an obligate intracellular pathogen that has a wide host distribution, but primarily affects rabbits. The aim of this study was to characterize both the cell-mediated and the antibody response in rabbits after experimental infection using 2 different infection routes: oral and ocular. SPF rabbits were infected with low (10³ spores) and high (10⁷ spores) infection doses. Monitored parameters included clinical signs, detection of spores in urine, antibody response detected with ELISA, and cell-mediated immunity detected by antigen-driven lymphocyte proliferation. At week 13 post-infection, half of the rabbits in each group were suppressed by intramuscular administration of dexamethasone. At week 18 post-infection, animals were euthanized. Clinical signs were mild with exacerbation after immunosuppression. Spores in urine and antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity were detected from weeks 5 and 4 post-infection, respectively. Specific IgM was detected 1 week after infection, and IgG antibodies followed 1 week later in rabbits infected with the high dose. Immunological responses were dose dependent. The authors can conclude that both oral and ocular experimental infection with E. cuniculi resulted in an immune response of the infected animals. Rabbits could be used as an experimental model for the study of ocular microsporidiosis.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• Encephalitozoon cuniculi imunologie   patogenita   MeSH
• encephalitozoonóza imunologie   parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• imunoglobulin M krev   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• nemoci úst imunologie   parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• oční infekce imunologie   parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• outbrední kmeny zvířat MeSH
• protilátky protozoální krev   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important group of environmental pollutants, known for their mutagenic and carcinogenic activities. Many PAHs are aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands and several recent studies have suggested that PAHs or their metabolites may activate estrogen receptors (ER). The present study investigated possible estrogenic/antiestrogenic effects of abundant environmental contaminants benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), fluoranthene (Fla) and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) in vivo, using the immature rat uterotrophic assay. The present results suggest that BaA, BaP and Fla behaved as estrogen-like compounds in immature Wistar rats, when applied for 3 consecutive days at 10mg/kg/day, as documented by a significant increase of uterine weight and hypertrophy of luminal epithelium. These effects were likely to be mediated by ERalpha, a major subtype of ER present in uterus, as they were inhibited by treatment with ER antagonist ICI 182,780. BaA, the most potent of studied PAHs, induced a significant estrogenic effect within a concentration range 0.1-50mg/kg/day; however, it did not reach the maximum level induced by reference estrogens. The proposed antiestrogenicity of the potent AhR agonist BkF was not confirmed in the present in vivo study; the exposure to BkF did not significantly affect the uterine weight, although a weak suppression of ERalpha immunostaining was observed in luminal and glandular epithelium, possibly related to its AhR-mediated activity. The PAHs under study did not induce marked genotoxic damage in uterine tissues, as documented by the lack of Ser-15-phoshorylated p53 protein staining. With the exception of Fla, all three remaining compounds increased CYP1-dependent monooxygenation activities in liver at the doses used, suggesting that the potential tissue-specific antiestrogenic effects of PAHs mediated by metabolization of 17beta-estradiol also cannot be excluded. Taken together, these environmentally relevant PAHs induced estrogenic effects in vivo, which might affect their toxic impact and carcinogenicity.

• MeSH
• alfa receptor estrogenů metabolismus   MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory toxicita   MeSH
• epitel účinky léků   MeSH
• estradiol metabolismus   MeSH
• estrogeny biosyntéza   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fosforylace MeSH
• hydroxylace MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• jaterní mikrozomy metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita   MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 metabolismus   MeSH
• ovarium účinky léků   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky toxicita   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• uterus metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• velikost orgánu účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

We have used selected rabbit anti-human polyclonal antibodies as an example of useful and easily available tools for studies on immune system structure and development in important veterinary species, many of which also represent animal models in biomedicine. The cocktail of anti-human Igkappa-FITC/anti-Iglambda-RPE F(ab')(2) fragments was used for two-colour and, in combination with the cross-reactive anti-CD79alpha monoclonal antibody HM-57, for three-colour flow cytometry of canine, feline, bovine and porcine peripheral B-cells. A possible application of such immunoreagents in studies on primary B-cell differentiation has been suggested in pigs; the same approach can be used in other species of interest. Rabbit anti-human lactoferrin-FITC F(ab')(2) fragment was used for visualizing neutrophils in dogs, pigs and cattle and an application for two-colour immunophenotyping of canine granulocyte subsets has been designed. Affinity isolated rabbit anti-human CD3 and anti-human TdT have been shown to represent a ready-to-use tool for in situ studies on primary T-lymphopoiesis in pigs with possible extensions both to the B-lineage development in pigs and other animal models. Altogether, our study show that carefully selected polyclonal antibodies available on the market may possess broad cross-reactivity with important applications in veterinary research.

• MeSH
• antisérum imunologie   MeSH
• CD antigeny analýza   imunologie   MeSH
• DNA-nukleotidylexotransferasa analýza   imunologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• imunitní systém fyziologie   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• lehké řetězce imunoglobulinů analýza   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• psi MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zkřížené reakce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psi MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological effects of postnatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on the development of the uterus, uterine estrogen receptor (ERalpha) expression, and the uterine response to estrogen stimulation using the uterotrophic bioassay in rats. Neonates were injected on each postnatal day (PND) 1-14 with B[a]P (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0mg/kg), ethynylestradiol (EE; 1.0 microg/kg) or vehicle (control group). All animals were killed on PND 23. Postnatal administration of B[a]P with doses of 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg induced significant (P<0.01) reduction of uterine weight and significantly lowered (P<0.05) ERalpha expression in the luminal epithelium. The increase in uterine weight and luminal epithelium heights after EE stimulation (1.0 microg/kg) on PND 20-22 was significantly higher (P<0.01) in all groups in comparison with corresponding non-stimulated groups. However, the uterotrophic response in rats postnatally exposed to EE and B[a]P was significantly lower (P<0.01) than in controls. In the control and EE groups, EE stimulation on PND 20-22 induced a significant (P<0.01) decrease in ERalpha immunoreactivity of the luminal epithelium. In contrast, rats postnatally treated with B[a]P showed no change in the density of ERalpha immunostaining when detected after estrogenic stimulation. The present study showed that postnatal exposure to B[a]P caused pathological changes in constitution and maturation of uterine ERalpha resulting in disturbed morphological development and uterine dysfunction in immature rats.

• MeSH
• alfa receptor estrogenů metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• antagonisté estrogenu toxicita   MeSH
• benzopyren toxicita   MeSH
• buněčné jádro metabolismus   patologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• epitelové buňky patologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• estrogeny farmakologie   MeSH
• ethinylestradiol farmakologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fluorescenční protilátková technika přímá MeSH
• imunoenzymatické techniky MeSH
• injekce subkutánní MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• pohlavní dospělost MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• uterus patologie   růst a vývoj   účinky léků   MeSH
• velikost orgánu účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH