Environmental pollution is a serious problem that can cause sicknesses, fatality, and biological contaminants such as bacteria, which can trigger allergic reactions and infectious illnesses. There is also evidence that environmental pollutants can have an impact on the gut microbiome and contribute to the development of various mental health and metabolic disorders. This study aimed to study the antibiotic resistance and virulence potential of environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates in slaughterhouses. A total of 100 samples were collected from different slaughterhouse tools. The samples were identified by cultural and biochemical tests and confirmed by the VITEK 2 system. P. aeruginosa isolates were further confirmed by CHROMagarTM Pseudomonas and genetically by rpsL gene analysis. Molecular screening of virulence genes (fimH, papC, lasB, rhlI, lasI, csgA, toxA, and hly) and antibiotic resistance genes (blaCTX-M, blaAmpC, blaSHV, blaNDM, IMP-1, aac(6')-Ib-, ant(4')IIb, mexY, TEM, tetA, and qnrB) by PCR and testing the antibiotic sensitivity, biofilm formation, and production of pigments, and hemolysin were carried out in all isolated strains. A total of 62 isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa. All P. aeruginosa isolates were multidrug-resistant and most of them have multiple resistant genes. blaCTX-M gene was detected in all strains; 23 (37.1%) strains have the ability for biofilm formation, 33 strains had virulence genes, and 26 isolates from them have more than one virulence genes. There should be probably 60 (96.8%) P. aeruginosa strains that produce pyocyanin pigment. Slaughterhouse tools are sources for multidrug-resistant and virulent pathogenic microorganisms which are a serious health problem. Low-hygienic slaughterhouses could be a reservoir for resistance and virulence genes which could then be transferred to other pathogens.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence genetika   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• faktory virulence * genetika   MeSH
• jatka * MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
• mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa * genetika   účinky léků   patogenita   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• virulence genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Gram-positive bacteria are responsible for a wide range of infections in humans. In most Gram-positive bacteria, sortase A plays a significant role in attaching virulence factors to the bacteria's cell wall. These cell surface proteins play a significant role in virulence and pathogenesis. Even though antibiotics are available to treat these infections, there is a continuous search for an alternative strategy due to an increase in antibiotic resistance. Thus, using anti-sortase drugs to combat these bacterial infections may be a promising approach. Here, we describe a method for targeting Gram-positive bacterial infection by combining curcumin and trans-chalcone as sortase A inhibitors. We have used curcumin and trans-chalcone alone and in combination as a sortase A inhibitor. We have seen ~78%, ~43%, and ~94% inhibition when treated with curcumin, trans-chalcone, and a combination of both compounds, respectively. The compounds have also shown a significant effect on biofilm formation, IgG binding, protein A recruitment, and IgG deposition. We discovered that combining curcumin and trans-chalcone is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than either compound alone. The present work demonstrated that a combination of these natural compounds could be used as an antivirulence therapy against Gram-positive bacterial infection.

• MeSH
• aminoacyltransferasy * antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny * metabolismus   antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• biofilmy * účinky léků   MeSH
• chalkon * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• cysteinové endopeptidasy * metabolismus   MeSH
• faktory virulence metabolismus   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků   MeSH
• kurkumin * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• virulence účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Schistosoma mansoni was introduced from Africa to the Americas during the transatlantic slave trade and remains a major public health problem in parts of South America and the Caribbean. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of three S. mansoni strains with different geographical origins-from Liberia, Belo Horizonte and Puerto Rico. We demonstrated significant variation in virulence and host-parasite interactions. METHODS: We investigated the phenotypic characteristics of the parasite and its eggs, as well as the immunopathologic effects on laboratory mouse organ systems. RESULTS: Our results show significant differences in worm morphology, worm burden, egg size, and pathologic organ changes between these strains. The Puerto Rican strain showed the highest virulence, as evidenced by marked liver and spleen changes and advanced liver fibrosis indicated by increased collagen content. In contrast, the strains from Liberia and Belo Horizonte had a less pathogenic profile with less liver fibrosis. We found further variations in granuloma formation, cytokine expression and T-cell dynamics, indicating different immune responses. CONCLUSION: Our study emphasizes the importance of considering intra-specific variations of S. mansoni for the development of targeted therapies and public health strategies. The different virulence patterns, host immune responses and organ pathologies observed in these strains provide important insights for future research and could inform region-specific interventions for schistosomiasis control.

• MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
• játra * parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• Schistosoma mansoni * patogenita   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• schistosomiasis mansoni * parazitologie   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• slezina parazitologie   patologie   imunologie   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Libérie MeSH
• Portoriko MeSH

Species belonging to the Mycobacterium kansasii complex (MKC) are frequently isolated from humans and the environment and can cause serious diseases. The most common MKC infections are caused by the species M. kansasii (sensu stricto), leading to tuberculosis-like disease. However, a broad spectrum of virulence, antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of these non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are observed across the MKC. Many genomic aspects of the MKC that relate to these broad phenotypes are not well elucidated. Here, we performed genomic analyses from a collection of 665 MKC strains, isolated from environmental, animal and human sources. We inferred the MKC pangenome, mobilome, resistome, virulome and defence systems and show that the MKC species harbours unique and shared genomic signatures. High frequency of presence of prophages and different types of defence systems were observed. We found that the M. kansasii species splits into four lineages, of which three are lowly represented and mainly in Brazil, while one lineage is dominant and globally spread. Moreover, we show that four sub-lineages of this most distributed M. kansasii lineage emerged during the twentieth century. Further analysis of the M. kansasii genomes revealed almost 300 regions of difference contributing to genomic diversity, as well as fixed mutations that may explain the M. kansasii's increased virulence and drug resistance.

• MeSH
• atypické mykobakteriální infekce * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• genom bakteriální * MeSH
• genomika * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Mycobacterium kansasii * genetika   klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• virulence genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Despite numerous studies on Escherichia coli (E. coli) from sheep, there have been few reports on the characterization of E. coli isolates from various organs of individual sheep until now. The present study conducted molecular typing, antibiotics resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence genes on E. coli isolated from 57 freshly slaughtered apparently healthy sheep carcasses, gallbladders, fecal samples, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). The results demonstrated that the detection rate of R1 LPS core type in E. coli isolated from fecal samples (70.83%) was higher than that from other organs, but the detection rate of antibiotic resistance genes was lower (P < 0.05). The predominant phylogenetic group of E. coli isolated from the carcasses was group B1 (93.33%), and the detection rate of multidrug-resistance phenotype (80%) and the resistance rate of E. coli was higher than that from other organs (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the intensity of biofilm formation of E. coli isolated from MLNs was higher than that from other organs (P < 0.05). However, except for ibeB, the detection rates of virulence genes did not differ in E.coli isolated from different organs. In conclusion, differences were noted in these parameters of E. coli isolated from different organs of individual sheep. Therefore, the data may contain considerable mistakes concerning the actual situation in the host if we only analyze the data of E. coli isolated from feces or carcasses.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence genetika   MeSH
• biofilmy * růst a vývoj   účinky léků   MeSH
• Escherichia coli * genetika   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• faktory virulence * genetika   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• nemoci ovcí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• virulence genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Introduction. The fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus can induce prolonged colonization of the lungs of susceptible patients, resulting in conditions such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.Hypothesis. Analysis of the A. fumigatus secretome released during sub-lethal infection of G. mellonella larvae may give an insight into products released during prolonged human colonisation.Methodology.Galleria mellonella larvae were infected with A. fumigatus, and the metabolism of host carbohydrate and proteins and production of fungal virulence factors were analysed. Label-free qualitative proteomic analysis was performed to identify fungal proteins in larvae at 96 hours post-infection and also to identify changes in the Galleria proteome as a result of infection.Results. Infected larvae demonstrated increasing concentrations of gliotoxin and siderophore and displayed reduced amounts of haemolymph carbohydrate and protein. Fungal proteins (399) were detected by qualitative proteomic analysis in cell-free haemolymph at 96 hours and could be categorized into seven groups, including virulence (n = 25), stress response (n = 34), DNA repair and replication (n = 39), translation (n = 22), metabolism (n = 42), released intracellular (n = 28) and cellular development and cell cycle (n = 53). Analysis of the Gallerial proteome at 96 hours post-infection revealed changes in the abundance of proteins associated with immune function, metabolism, cellular structure, insect development, transcription/translation and detoxification.Conclusion. Characterizing the impact of the fungal secretome on the host may provide an insight into how A. fumigatus damages tissue and suppresses the immune response during long-term pulmonary colonization.

• MeSH
• Aspergillus fumigatus * metabolismus   MeSH
• aspergilóza mikrobiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• faktory virulence metabolismus   MeSH
• fungální proteiny * metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• hemolymfa mikrobiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• larva * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• můry * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• proteom analýza   MeSH
• proteomika MeSH
• sekretom metabolismus   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Pathogenic heterozygous mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) are a key cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), leading to significantly reduced biofluid concentrations of the progranulin protein (PGRN). This has led to a number of ongoing therapeutic trials aiming to treat this form of FTD by increasing PGRN levels in mutation carriers. However, we currently lack a complete understanding of factors that affect PGRN levels and potential variation in measurement methods. Here, we aimed to address this gap in knowledge by systematically reviewing published literature on biofluid PGRN concentrations. METHODS: Published data including biofluid PGRN concentration, age, sex, diagnosis and GRN mutation were collected for 7071 individuals from 75 publications. The majority of analyses (72%) had focused on plasma PGRN concentrations, with many of these (56%) measured with a single assay type (Adipogen) and so the influence of mutation type, age at onset, sex, and diagnosis were investigated in this subset of the data. RESULTS: We established a plasma PGRN concentration cut-off between pathogenic mutation carriers and non-carriers of 74.8 ng/mL using the Adipogen assay based on 3301 individuals, with a CSF concentration cut-off of 3.43 ng/mL. Plasma PGRN concentration varied by GRN mutation type as well as by clinical diagnosis in those without a GRN mutation. Plasma PGRN concentration was significantly higher in women than men in GRN mutation carriers (p = 0.007) with a trend in non-carriers (p = 0.062), and there was a significant but weak positive correlation with age in both GRN mutation carriers and non-carriers. No significant association was seen with weight or with TMEM106B rs1990622 genotype. However, higher plasma PGRN levels were seen in those with the GRN rs5848 CC genotype in both GRN mutation carriers and non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS: These results further support the usefulness of PGRN concentration for the identification of the large majority of pathogenic mutations in the GRN gene. Furthermore, these results highlight the importance of considering additional factors, such as mutation type, sex and age when interpreting PGRN concentrations. This will be particularly important as we enter the era of trials for progranulin-associated FTD.

• MeSH
• frontotemporální demence * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• mezibuněčné signální peptidy a proteiny genetika   MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• progranuliny genetika   MeSH
• proteiny nervové tkáně genetika   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Numerous functions in pathogenic Pectobacterium are regulated by quorum sensing (QS). Two different aiiA genes isolated from Bacillus sp. A24(aiiAA24) and Bacillus sp. DMS133(aiiADMS133) were used. Both genes encode acyl-homoserine lactonase (AiiA), which disrupts QS in Pectobacterium. To investigate the effect of different AiiAs on the inhibition of Pectobacterium carotovorum pathogenicity, two aiiA genes from different Bacillus strains were cloned and the resulting plasmids pME6863 (aiiAA24) and pME7080 (aiiADMS133) were transformed into P. carotovorum EMPCC cells. The effects of different lactonases on virulence features such as enzymatic activity, twitching and swimming motilities, and production of pellicle and biofilm formation were investigated. In EMPCC/pME6863, twitching and swimming motilities, and pellicle production were significantly reduced compared with EMPCC/pME7080. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure virulence gene expression in transformed cells compared with expression levels in wild-type EMPCC. The expression of peh and hrpL genes was greatly reduced in EMPCC/pME6863 compared with EMPCC/pME7080. The sequence alignment and molecular dynamic modeling of two different AiiAA24 and AiiADMS133 proteins suggested that the replacement of proline 210 from AiiAA24 to serine in AiiADMS133 caused the reduction of enzyme activity in AiiADMS133.

• MeSH
• Bacillus * genetika   enzymologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• karboxylesterhydrolasy * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• klonování DNA MeSH
• metaloendopeptidasy MeSH
• Pectobacterium carotovorum genetika   enzymologie   patogenita   MeSH
• quorum sensing * MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi often triggers pathophysiologic perturbations that are further augmented by the inflammatory responses of the host, resulting in the severe clinical conditions of Lyme disease. While our apprehension of the spatial and temporal integration of the virulence determinants during the enzootic cycle of B. burgdorferi is constantly being improved, there is still much to be discovered. Many of the novel virulence strategies discussed in this review are undetermined. Lyme disease spirochaetes must surmount numerous molecular and mechanical obstacles in order to establish a disseminated infection in a vertebrate host. These barriers include borrelial relocation from the midgut of the feeding tick to its body cavity and further to the salivary glands, deposition to the skin, haematogenous dissemination, extravasation from blood circulation system, evasion of the host immune responses, localization to protective niches, and establishment of local as well as distal infection in multiple tissues and organs. Here, the various well-defined but also possible novel strategies and virulence mechanisms used by B. burgdorferi to evade obstacles laid out by the tick vector and usually the mammalian host during colonization and infection are reviewed.

• MeSH
• Borrelia burgdorferi * genetika   MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymeská nemoc * MeSH
• savci MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Rinovírusy paria medzi najčastejšie sa vyskytujúcich pôvodcov respiračných ochorení rozličného charakteru od „bežného prechladnutia“ až po klinicky závažné bronchiolitídy či pneumónie u dojčiat a batoliat. Problematika vzťahu rinovírusových infekcií u predisponovaných jedincov, najmä detí v dojčenskom a batolivom veku s následným rizikom rozvoja bronchiálnej astmy bola za posledné dve dekády predmetom mnohých klinických štúdií. Početné zložité a komplexné interakcie rinovírusov s epiteliálnymi bunkami a jednotlivými zložkami imunitného systému ešte nie sú dostatočne a podrobne ozrejmené. Niektoré špecifické patomechanizmy a ich následky, ktoré indukuje vstup a replikácia rinovírusov v bunkách respiračného epitelu, sú už známe. Z klinického pohľadu je vynakladaná čoraz väčšia snaha čo najexaktnejšie identifikovať vonkajšie a vnútorné faktory, ktoré v kontexte opakovaných rinovírusových infekcií predisponujú nositeľa k rekurentným vírusmi indukovaným bronchospazmom a rizikom nadobudnutia astmy. V prvej časti prehľadového príspevku sú rinovírusy analyzované z virologického a epidemiologického hľadiska s prihliadnutím na determinujúce vonkajšie faktory rinovírusových infekcií.

Rhinoviruses are one of the most common causative agents of respiratory diseases from common cold to clinically severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and toddlers. The relationship of rhinovirus infections in predisposed individuals, especially infants and toddlers, with subsequent risk of bronchial asthma development has been the aim of many clinical studies over the last two decades. The multiple complex and involved interactions of rhinoviruses with epithelial cells and various elements of the immune system have not yet been sufficiently and extensively understood. Some specific pathomechanisms and their consequences induced by the entry and replication of rhinoviruses in respiratory epithelial cells are already known. From a clinical point of view, increasing effort is being devoted to identifying extrinsic and intrinsic factors that, in the context of recurrent rhinovirus infections, predispose the host to recurrent virus-induced bronchospasm and risk of asthma development. In this first part of the review, rhinoviruses are analysed from a virological and epidemiological point of view, with consideration of the determining external factors of rhinovirus infections.

• MeSH
• bronchiální astma * epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náchylnost k nemoci * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• replikace viru fyziologie   MeSH
• Rhinovirus * fyziologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH