Despite numerous studies on Escherichia coli (E. coli) from sheep, there have been few reports on the characterization of E. coli isolates from various organs of individual sheep until now. The present study conducted molecular typing, antibiotics resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence genes on E. coli isolated from 57 freshly slaughtered apparently healthy sheep carcasses, gallbladders, fecal samples, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). The results demonstrated that the detection rate of R1 LPS core type in E. coli isolated from fecal samples (70.83%) was higher than that from other organs, but the detection rate of antibiotic resistance genes was lower (P < 0.05). The predominant phylogenetic group of E. coli isolated from the carcasses was group B1 (93.33%), and the detection rate of multidrug-resistance phenotype (80%) and the resistance rate of E. coli was higher than that from other organs (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the intensity of biofilm formation of E. coli isolated from MLNs was higher than that from other organs (P < 0.05). However, except for ibeB, the detection rates of virulence genes did not differ in E.coli isolated from different organs. In conclusion, differences were noted in these parameters of E. coli isolated from different organs of individual sheep. Therefore, the data may contain considerable mistakes concerning the actual situation in the host if we only analyze the data of E. coli isolated from feces or carcasses.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- biofilmy * růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- Escherichia coli * genetika účinky léků izolace a purifikace klasifikace fyziologie MeSH
- faktory virulence * genetika MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- molekulární typizace MeSH
- nemoci ovcí mikrobiologie MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- virulence genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
An experimental group of one-day-old chicken from a commercial hatchery was given a defined mixture of 7 gut anaerobes. The next day the chicks were inoculated by an APEC strain O78:H4-ST117 resistant to ciprofloxacin, alongside with the control group and monitored for 4 wk after the inoculation for the presence of the colonizing strains and ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. Significant reduction of colonization rates in the first 2 wk was recorded in the experimental group for the numbers of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. The results show that colonization of chicken by defined anaerobic mixtures may provide a decisive protection during the critical period of the chicken intestinal microflora development.
- MeSH
- Bacteroides MeSH
- ciprofloxacin farmakologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli * prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- probiotika * farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Interactions between humans and pets are increasingly valued in western countries, leading to more extensive contact between humans and their pets within households. Although the magnitude of the risk of transfer of Escherichia coli between humans and their companion animals is undefined, that such transmission occurs has been established and warrants attention. This study examined 186 fresh faecal samples from companion dogs visiting 22 municipal dog parks in the Minneapolis/Saint Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota, USA. Samples were processed to isolate 3rd-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, which were further characterized using PCR-based virulence genotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and whole-genome sequencing. Of the 186 faecal samples, 29% yielded cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, and 2.2% yielded extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. Co-resistance to sulfonamides was typical (77.3% of isolates), and multidrug resistance (i.e. to ≥3 antimicrobial classes), including to combinations of tetracyclines, phenicols, quinolones and aminoglycosides, was substantial (18.9% of isolates). Identified beta-lactamase genes included blaCMY-2 , blaTEM-1B , blaTEM-1 , blaCTX-M-24 , blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-1 . Genome sequencing of 14 isolates identified genes typical of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli or enteropathogenic E. coli. In three instances, closely related isolates were recovered from different dogs, within either the same park-suggesting transfer of E. coli between dogs within the park-or different parks-suggesting that dogs may be pre-disposed to carry certain E. coli types, such as those from serogroups O4, O71 and O157. This study adds to the existing evidence that companion dogs can harbour and share antimicrobial-resistant E. coli with presumed intestinal or extraintestinal pathogenic potential.
- MeSH
- aminoglykosidy MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- beta-laktamasy genetika MeSH
- cefalosporiny MeSH
- chinolony * MeSH
- domácí zvířata MeSH
- enteropatogenní Escherichia coli * genetika MeSH
- feces MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli * epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci psů * epidemiologie MeSH
- psi MeSH
- sulfonamidy MeSH
- tetracykliny MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Minnesota MeSH
Intra-amniotic infections (IAI) are one of the reasons for preterm birth. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein with various physiological functions, including tissue healing. Its excessive extracellular release potentiates inflammatory reaction and can revert its action from beneficial to detrimental. We infected the amniotic fluid of a pig on the 80th day of gestation with 1 × 104 colony forming units (CFUs) of E. coli O55 for 10 h, and evaluated the appearance of HMGB1, receptor for glycation endproducts (RAGE), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in the amniotic membrane and fluid. Sham-infected amniotic fluid served as a control. The expression and release of HMGB1 were evaluated by Real-Time PCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. The infection downregulated HMGB1 mRNA expression in the amniotic membrane, changed the distribution of HMGB1 protein in the amniotic membrane, and increased its level in amniotic fluid. All RAGE mRNA, protein expression in the amniotic membrane, and soluble RAGE level in the amniotic fluid were downregulated. TLR4 mRNA and protein expression and soluble TLR4 were all upregulated. HMGB1 is a potential target for therapy to suppress the exaggerated inflammatory response. This controlled expression and release can, in some cases, prevent the preterm birth of vulnerable infants. Studies on suitable animal models can contribute to the development of appropriate therapy.
- MeSH
- amnion imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli růst a vývoj patogenita MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli genetika imunologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- infekční komplikace v těhotenství genetika imunologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu genetika imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika imunologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- plodová voda imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- předčasný porod prevence a kontrola MeSH
- protein HMGB1 genetika imunologie MeSH
- receptor pro konečné produkty pokročilé glykace genetika imunologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- toll-like receptor 4 genetika imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains are the causative agents of severe foodborne diseases in both humans and animals. In this study, porcine pathogenic E. coli strains (n = 277) as well as porcine commensal strains (n = 188) were tested for their susceptibilities to 34 bacteriocin monoproducers to identify the most suitable bacteriocin types inhibiting porcine pathogens. Under in vitro conditions, the set of pathogenic E. coli strains was found to be significantly more susceptible to the majority of tested bacteriocins than commensal E. coli. Based on the production of bacteriocins with specific activity against pathogens, three potentially probiotic commensal E. coli strains of human origin were selected. These strains were found to be able to outcompete ETEC strains expressing F4 or F18 fimbriae in liquid culture and also decreased the severity and duration of diarrhea in piglets during experimental ETEC infection as well as pathogen numbers on the last day of in vivo experimentation. While the extents of the probiotic effect were different for each strain, the cocktail of all three strains showed the most pronounced beneficial effects, suggesting synergy between the tested E. coli strains. IMPORTANCE Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance among bacteria also increase the need for alternatives to conventional antibiotic treatment. Pathogenic Escherichia coli represents a major diarrheic infectious agent of piglets in their postweaning period; however, available measures to control these infections are limited. This study describes three novel E. coli strains producing antimicrobial compounds (bacteriocins) that actively inhibit a majority of toxigenic E. coli strains. The beneficial effect of three potentially probiotic E. coli strains was demonstrated under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The novel probiotic candidates may be used as prophylaxis during piglets' postweaning period to overcome common infections caused by E. coli.
- MeSH
- bakteriální toxiny * metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriociny metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- Escherichia coli * účinky léků genetika metabolismus MeSH
- faktory virulence genetika MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
- nemoci prasat mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- probiotika terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie veterinární MeSH
Silver gulls carry phylogenetically diverse Escherichia coli, including globally dominant extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) sequence types and pandemic ExPEC-ST131 clades; however, our large-scale study (504 samples) on silver gulls nesting off the coast of New South Wales identified E. coli ST457 as the most prevalent. A phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 138 ST457 samples comprising 42 from gulls, 2 from humans (Australia), and 14 from poultry farmed in Paraguay were compared with 80 WGS deposited in public databases from diverse sources and countries. E. coli ST457 strains are phylogenetic group F, carry fimH145, and partition into five main clades in accordance to predominant flagella H-antigen carriage. Although we identified considerable phylogenetic diversity among the 138 ST457 strains, closely related subclades (<100 SNPs) suggested zoonotic or zooanthroponosis transmission between humans, wild birds, and food-producing animals. Australian human clinical and gull strains in two of the clades were closely related (≤80 SNPs). Regarding plasmid content, country, or country/source, specific connections were observed, including I1/ST23, I1/ST314, and I1/ST315 disseminating blaCMY-2 in Australia, I1/ST113 carrying blaCTX-M-8 and mcr-5 in Paraguayan poultry, and F2:A-:B1 plasmids of Dutch origin being detected across multiple ST457 clades. We identified a high prevalence of nearly identical I1/ST23 plasmids carrying blaCMY-2 among Australian gull and clinical human strains. In summary, ST457 is a broad host range, geographically diverse E. coli lineage that can cause human extraintestinal disease, including urinary tract infection, and displays a remarkable ability to capture mobile elements that carry and transmit genes encoding resistance to critically important antibiotics.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- beta-laktamasy genetika MeSH
- beta-laktamy MeSH
- divoká zvířata MeSH
- Escherichia coli * genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli * veterinární MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plazmidy genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
We evaluated the prevalence and epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates in pigs during production cycle on a Czech farm with the history of previous use of ceftiofur. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were obtained from rectal swabs from pigs of different age groups (suckling piglets, weaned piglets, growers and sows). Collected samples were directly cultivated on MacConkey agar with cefotaxime (2 mg l-1 ), whereas intestinal swabs of slaughtered pigs and surface swabs from pig carcasses were also pre-enriched in buffered peptone water without antimicrobials before the cultivation. Clonal relationship of selected isolates was determined by XbaI pulse-field gel electrophoresis and multi-locus sequence typing. The transferability of plasmids carrying blaCTX-M genes was tested by conjugation experiments. From all examined samples, 141 (43·7%, n = 323) were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli. All ESBL-producing isolates showed resistance to multiple antimicrobials and were positive for blaCTX-M genes. The blaCTX-M-1 was carried by conjugative IncN/ST1 plasmids (c. 40-45 kb) while the blaCTX-M-15 was located on conjugative F plasmids with F:18:A5:B1 formula (c. 165 kb). This study demonstrated the persistence of CTX-M-positive E. coli isolates 2 months after banner of ceftiofur usage and indicated possible risk of transmission of these isolates to humans via the food chain.
- MeSH
- beta-laktamasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Escherichia coli enzymologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- farmy MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie patofyziologie veterinární MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
- nemoci prasat mikrobiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- plazmidy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- prasata růst a vývoj mikrobiologie MeSH
- proteiny z Escherichia coli genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can cause various extraintestinal infections in poultry, resulting in massive economic losses in poultry industry. In addition, some avian E. coli strains may have zoonotic potential, making poultry a possible source of infection for humans. Due to its extreme genetic diversity, this pathotype remains poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of colibacillosis-associated E. coli isolates from Central European countries with a focus on the Czech Republic. RESULTS: Of 95 clinical isolates subjected to preliminary characterization, 32 were selected for whole-genome sequencing. A multi resistant phenotype was detected in a majority of the sequenced strains with the predominant resistance to β-lactams and quinolones being associated with TEM-type beta-lactamase genes and chromosomal gyrA mutations respectively. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed a great diversity of isolates, that were derived from nearly all phylogenetic groups, with predominace of B2, B1 and C phylogroups. Clusters of closely related isolates within ST23 (phylogroup C) and ST429 (phylogroup B2) indicated a possible local spread of these clones. Besides, the ST429 cluster carried blaCMY-2, - 59 genes for AmpC beta-lactamase and isolates of both clusters were generally well-equipped with virulence-associated genes, with considerable differences in distribution of certain virulence-associated genes between phylogenetically distant lineages. Other important and potentially zoonotic APEC STs were detected, incl. ST117, ST354 and ST95, showing several molecular features typical for human ExPEC. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the concept of local spread of virulent APEC clones, as well as of zoonotic potential of specific poultry-associated lineages, and highlight the need to investigate the possible source of these pathogenic strains.
- MeSH
- Escherichia coli klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- virulence genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Antimicrobial consumption in veterinary medicine has led to the spread of multi drug-resistance in clinically important bacteria, with the companion animals and their environment involved as emerging reservoirs. While CTX-M-15 and CMY-2 acquired β-lactamases have been widely detected in the bacterial population of companion and breeding animals in European area, DHA-1 enzymes have been rarely reported in veterinary medicine. The aim of the study was to characterize the Escherichia coli associated with mortality of a litter of Bulldog puppies in a breeding kennel located in Pesaro area, Central Italy. The E. coli strains O39 serotype were resistant to 3rd/4th generation cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin, retaining susceptibility to carbapenems, colistin, fosfomycin, and levofloxacin (by Microscan Autoscan4, EUCAST clinical breakpoints). Pulse field gel electrophoreses (PFGE-XbaI) on five E. coli strains revealed the presence of a single profile. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed a complex resistome, harboring blaTEM-1b, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, aph(6)-Ib, aac(6')Ib-cr, aac(3)-Ila, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, qnrB1, sul2, catA1, catB3, tetA, and dfrA14 genes located on a 302597 bp IncHI2/HI2A plasmid. Moreover, blaDHA-1, qnrB4, mph(A), sul1, and dfrA17 determinants were carried on an 83,429 bp IncFII plasmid. A blaCMY-2 determinant was carried on a 90,249 bp IncI1 plasmid. Two IncX1 and IncX4 plasmids without antimicrobial resistance genes were also detected. The presence of lpfA, iss, astA, and gad virulence factors was highlighted. This is the first report in Italy on an invasive infection in eight 2-weeks old dogs caused by the same MDR E. coli O39 blaCTX-M-15, blaCMY-2, blaDHA-1, and aac(6')-Ib-cr positive strain. The above MDR E. coli clone caused the death of the entire litter, despite amoxicillin-clavulanate and enrofloxacin administration. The tank for storage of the water used to prepare the milk-based meal for the litter was the suspected reservoir.
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika patogenita MeSH
- fatální výsledek MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli * mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci psů * mikrobiologie MeSH
- plazmidy genetika MeSH
- psi MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli veterinární MeSH
- kloaka mikrobiologie MeSH
- kur domácí mikrobiologie MeSH
- plazmidy genetika MeSH
- proteiny z Escherichia coli genetika MeSH
- transferasy pro jiné substituované fosfátové skupiny genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Paraguay MeSH