Salmonella spp. is a common zoonotic pathogen, causing gastrointestinal infections in people. Pigs and pig meat are a major source of infection. Although farm biosecurity is believed to be important for controlling Salmonella transmission, robust evidence is lacking on which measures are most effective. This study enrolled 250 pig farms across nine European countries. From each farm, 20 pooled faecal samples (or similar information) were collected and analysed for Salmonella presence. Based on the proportion of positive results, farms were categorised as at higher or lower Salmonella risk, and associations with variables from a comprehensive questionnaire investigated. Multivariable analysis indicated that farms were less likely to be in the higher-risk category if they had '<400 sows'; used rodent baits close to pig enclosures; isolated stay-behind (sick) pigs; did not answer that the hygiene lock/ anteroom was easy to clean; did not have a full perimeter fence; did apply downtime of at least 3 days between farrowing batches; and had fully slatted flooring in all fattener buildings. A principal components analysis assessed the sources of variation between farms, and correlation between variables. The study results suggest simple control measures that could be prioritised on European pig farms to control Salmonella.

• MeSH
• biologická bezpečnost MeSH
• chov zvířat metody   MeSH
• farmy MeSH
• nemoci prasat * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• Salmonella MeSH
• salmonelová infekce u zvířat * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Piglet coccidiosis due to Cystoisospora suis is a major cause of diarrhea and poor growth worldwide. It can effectively be controlled by application of toltrazuril (TZ), and oral formulations have been licensed for many years. Recently, the first parenteral formulation containing TZ in combination with iron (gleptoferron) was registered in the EU for the prevention of coccidiosis and iron deficiency anemia, conditions in suckling piglets requiring routine preventive measures. This study evaluated the absorption and distribution of TZ and its main metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone (TZ-SO2), in blood and intestinal tissues after single oral (20 mg/kg) or single intramuscular (45 mg/piglet) application of TZ. Fifty-six piglets were randomly allocated to the two treatment groups. Animals were sacrificed 1-, 5-, 13-, and 24-days post-treatment and TZ and TZ-SO2 levels were determined in blood, jejunal tissue, ileal tissue, and mixed jejunal and ileal content (IC) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Intramuscular application resulted in significantly higher and more sustained concentrations of both compounds in plasma, intestinal tissue, and IC. Higher concentrations after oral dosing were only observed one day after application of TZ in jejunum and IC. Toltrazuril was quickly metabolized to TZ-SO2 with maximum concentrations on day 13 for both applications. Remarkably, TZ and TZ-SO2 accumulated in the jejunum, the primary predilection site of C. suis, independently of the administration route, which is key to their antiparasitic effect.

• MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• ileum metabolismus   MeSH
• injekce intramuskulární MeSH
• jejunum metabolismus   MeSH
• kokcidiostatika aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kokcidióza prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci prasat prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• střevní sliznice metabolismus   MeSH
• sulfony aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost účinky léků   MeSH
• triaziny aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains are the causative agents of severe foodborne diseases in both humans and animals. In this study, porcine pathogenic E. coli strains (n = 277) as well as porcine commensal strains (n = 188) were tested for their susceptibilities to 34 bacteriocin monoproducers to identify the most suitable bacteriocin types inhibiting porcine pathogens. Under in vitro conditions, the set of pathogenic E. coli strains was found to be significantly more susceptible to the majority of tested bacteriocins than commensal E. coli. Based on the production of bacteriocins with specific activity against pathogens, three potentially probiotic commensal E. coli strains of human origin were selected. These strains were found to be able to outcompete ETEC strains expressing F4 or F18 fimbriae in liquid culture and also decreased the severity and duration of diarrhea in piglets during experimental ETEC infection as well as pathogen numbers on the last day of in vivo experimentation. While the extents of the probiotic effect were different for each strain, the cocktail of all three strains showed the most pronounced beneficial effects, suggesting synergy between the tested E. coli strains. IMPORTANCE Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance among bacteria also increase the need for alternatives to conventional antibiotic treatment. Pathogenic Escherichia coli represents a major diarrheic infectious agent of piglets in their postweaning period; however, available measures to control these infections are limited. This study describes three novel E. coli strains producing antimicrobial compounds (bacteriocins) that actively inhibit a majority of toxigenic E. coli strains. The beneficial effect of three potentially probiotic E. coli strains was demonstrated under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The novel probiotic candidates may be used as prophylaxis during piglets' postweaning period to overcome common infections caused by E. coli.

• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny * metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriociny metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Escherichia coli * účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci prasat mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• probiotika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie veterinární MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Státní veterinární správa, Aujeszkyho nemoc divokých prasat,
• MeSH
• chov zvířat * metody   organizace a řízení   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• dobytek MeSH
• Evropská unie ekonomika   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• nemoci prasat diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   přenos   MeSH
• nemoci psů diagnóza   etiologie   přenos   MeSH
• nemoci zvířat * diagnóza   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• směrnice jako téma MeSH
• včely MeSH
• veterinární lékařství * metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• zákonodárství veterinární normy   trendy   využití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The effects of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain CNCM I-4407, 10(10) cfu/g; Actisaf; Lesaffre Feed Additives, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France) on the severity of diarrhea, immune response, and growth performance in weaned piglets orally challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain O149:K88 were investigated. Live yeast was fed to sows and their piglets in the late gestation, suckling, and postweaning periods. Sows were fed a basal diet without (Control; n = 2) or with (Supplemented; n = 2) 1 g/kg of live yeast from d 94 of gestation and during lactation until weaning of the piglets (d 28). Suckling piglets of the supplemented sows were orally treated with 1 g of live yeast in porridge carrier 3 times a week until weaning. Weaned piglets were fed a basal starter diet without (Control; n = 19) or with (Supplemented; n = 15) 5 g of live yeast/kg feed for 2 wk. Significantly lower daily diarrhea scores (P < 0.05), duration of diarrhea (P < 0.01), and shedding of pathogenic ETEC bacteria (P < 0.05) in feces was detected in the supplemented piglets. Administration of live yeast significantly increased (P < 0.05) IgA levels in the serum of piglets. Evidence indicates that decreased infection-related stress and severity of diarrhea in yeast-fed weaned piglets positively affected their growth capacity in the postweaning period (P < 0.05). The results suggest that dietary supplementation with live yeast S. cerevisiae to sows and piglets in the late gestation, suckling, and postweaning periods can be useful in the reduction of the duration and severity of postweaning diarrhea caused by ETEC.

• MeSH
• dieta veterinární   MeSH
• enterotoxigenní Escherichia coli klasifikace   MeSH
• fyziologie výživy v mateřství MeSH
• fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
• imunoglobulin A krev   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
• nemoci prasat etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• prasata růst a vývoj   imunologie   MeSH
• průjem etiologie   prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Porcine pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae accounts for serious economic losses in the pig farming industry worldwide. We examined here the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant type IV fimbrial subunit protein ApfA as a single antigen vaccine against pleuropneumonia, or as a component of a multi-antigen preparation comprising five other recombinant antigens derived from key virulence factors of A. pleuropneumoniae (ApxIA, ApxIIA, ApxIIIA, ApxIVA and TbpB). Immunization of pigs with recombinant ApfA alone induced high levels of specific serum antibodies and provided partial protection against challenge with the heterologous A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 strain. This protection was higher than that engendered by vaccination with rApxIVA or rTbpB alone and similar to that observed after immunization with the tri-antigen combination of rApxIA, rApxIIA and rApxIIIA. In addition, rApfA improved the vaccination potential of the penta-antigen mixture of rApxIA, rApxIIA, rApxIIIA, rApxIVA and rTbpB proteins, where the hexa-antigen vaccine containing rApfA conferred a high level of protection on pigs against the disease. Moreover, when rApfA was used for vaccination alone or in combination with other antigens, such immunization reduced the number of pigs colonized with the challenge strain. These results indicate that ApfA could be a valuable component of an efficient subunit vaccine for the prevention of porcine pleuropneumonia.

• MeSH
• Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae genetika   imunologie   patogenita   MeSH
• bakteriální adheziny genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• bakteriální fimbrie genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   MeSH
• exotoxiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Actinobacillus imunologie   prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• nemoci prasat imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pleuropneumonie imunologie   prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární   MeSH
• vakcinace veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs. In China, in addition to S. suis serotype 2, S. suis serotype 9 (SS9) is also a prevalent serotype. There is no vaccine available for SS9. An immunoproteome-based approach was developed to identify SS9 immunogenic proteins for vaccine development. Secreted proteins extracted from SS9 strain GZ0565 were screened by two-dimensional Western blotting using convalescent sera from pigs. Protein spots were excised from preparative gels and were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which led to the identification of ten immunogenic proteins (sortases, ABC transporter substrate-binding protein-maltose/maltodextrin, ABC transporter periplasmic protein, CHAP domain containing protein, peptidoglycan-binding LysM, elongation factor Tu, elongation factor G, thymidine kinase, molecular chaperone DnaK, hypothetical protein SSU98_2184). These novel immunogenic proteins, which are encoded by genes that are reasonably conserved among SS9 strains, may be developed as antigens for further study of SS9 vaccine.

• MeSH
• 2D gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• antigeny bakteriální chemie   imunologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny chemie   imunologie   sekrece   MeSH
• nemoci prasat imunologie   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• rekonvalescence MeSH
• sérum chemie   imunologie   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• Streptococcus suis genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• streptokokové infekce imunologie   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• streptokokové vakcíny biosyntéza   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• western blotting MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method with a real-time monitoring system was developed for the detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in commercial swine vaccines. This method was highly specific for PCV1. No cross-reaction to porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus, pseudorabies virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was observed. The analytical sensitivity of the LAMP for PCV1 DNA was 10 copies/μl in the case of positive recombinant plasmid comparable to that obtained from the nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR). Furthermore, 25 commercial swine vaccines were tested by both the LAMP and the nested PCR, and three of them were tested positive for PCV1 DNA. These results indicate that PCV1 DNA can be real-time detected by the LAMP; the method was highly specific, sensitive, and rapid for the detection of PCV1 DNA, particularly in commercial swine vaccines.

• MeSH
• Circovirus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA primery genetika   MeSH
• infekce viry čeledi Circoviridae prevence a kontrola   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• nemoci prasat prevence a kontrola   virologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin metody   MeSH
• virové vakcíny genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

ARDS neboli syndrom dechové tísně dospělých je závažné postižení plic vedoucí ke vzniku respirační insuficience. Tato kazuistika je zaměřená na péči o pacientku s H1N1 a postupně se rozvíjejícím ARDS.

• Klíčová slova
• fluidothorax, pneumothorax, LIDCO, ECMO, zvýšený hygienický režim, H1N1,
• MeSH
• bronchopneumonie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci prasat prevence a kontrola   přenos   MeSH
• nemoci ptáků prevence a kontrola   přenos   MeSH
• ošetřovatelská diagnóza MeSH
• ošetřovatelská péče MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• péče o pacienta MeSH
• pneumotorax MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H1N1 patogenita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

The protective role of hyperimmune serum in the prevention of Haemophilus parasuis infections in post-weaned piglets was assessed by experimental challenge. The hyperimmune serum was obtained from a pig vaccinated with a commercial vaccine against Glässer's disease. Thirty-eight weaned piglets were divided into four groups: three groups were immunised intramuscularly with 10 ml of hyperimmune serum and one group consisted of unimmunised control animals. All piglets were subsequently infected intraperitoneally with H. parasuis serotype 5 at different times after immunisation. The use of hyperimmune serum provided the piglets with partial protection against experimental infection. The levels of protection indirectly depend on time between serum inoculation and challenge infection. The best protection of piglets against experimental infection was obtained in the group immunised 1 week before inoculation; the same group in which the highest levels of antibodies were detected at the time of challenge.

• MeSH
• ELISA veterinární   MeSH
• Haemophilus parasuis imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• hemofilové infekce imunologie   prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• hemofilové vakcíny imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci prasat imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• odstavení MeSH
• pasivní imunizace metody   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH