• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence genetika   MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli veterinární   MeSH
• kloaka mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kur domácí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli genetika   MeSH
• transferasy pro jiné substituované fosfátové skupiny genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Paraguay MeSH

Ticks were collected from wild birds at 3 locations in Paraguay during the South American winter in August and September 2012. In total, 480 birds belonging to 106 species were examined. Overall, 31 (6.5%) birds representing 21 species were found parasitized by ticks which were identified as Amblyomma calcaratum Neumann (2 larvae, 20 nymphs), Amblyomma longirostre (Koch) (17 larvae, 3 nymphs), Amblyomma parvum Aragão (7 nymphs), Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas) (1 nymph), Amblyomma ovale Koch (1 nymph), Amblyomma tigrinum Koch (1 larva), and Amblyomma spp. (4 larvae). Ticks collected accidentally on humans at the study locations during field work included 1 nymph of Amblyomma coelebs Neumann and 54 nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius). Most ticks were individually tested for the presence of Rickettsia species by polymerase chain reaction targeting rickettsial genes gltA and ompA and by amplicon sequencing. Two (12%) out of 17 A. longirostre larvae were found infected with Candidatus 'Rickettsia amblyommii', and 2 (33%) out of 6 A. parvum nymphs were infected with Candidatus 'Rickettsia andeanae'. This study provides the first report of rickettsial infections in Paraguayan ticks.

• MeSH
• divoká zvířata MeSH
• infestace klíšťaty epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• klíšťata klasifikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• larva klasifikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nemoci ptáků epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• nymfa klasifikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ptáci MeSH
• Rickettsia klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Paraguay MeSH

First multilocus analysis of the largest Neotropical cichlid genus Crenicichla combining mitochondrial (cytb, ND2, 16S) and nuclear (S7 intron 1) genes and comprising 602 sequences of 169 specimens yields a robust phylogenetic hypothesis. The best marker in the combined analysis is the ND2 gene which contributes throughout the whole range of hierarchical levels in the tree and shows weak effects of saturation at the 3rd codon position. The 16S locus exerts almost no influence on the inferred phylogeny. The nuclear S7 intron 1 resolves mainly deeper nodes. Crenicichla is split into two main clades: (1) Teleocichla, the Crenicichla wallacii group, and the Crenicichla lugubris-Crenicichla saxatilis groups ("the TWLuS clade"); (2) the Crenicichla reticulata group and the Crenicichla lacustris group-Crenicichla macrophthalma ("the RMLa clade"). Our study confirms the monophyly of the C. lacustris species group with very high support. The biogeographic reconstruction of the C. lacustris group using dispersal-vicariance analysis underlines the importance of ancient barriers between the middle and upper Paraná River (the Guaíra Falls) and between the middle and upper Uruguay River (the Moconá Falls). Our phylogeny recovers two endemic species flocks within the C. lacustris group, the Crenicichla missioneira species flock and the herein discovered Crenicichla mandelburgeri species flock from the Uruguay and Paraná/Iguazú Rivers, respectively. We discuss putative sympatric diversification of trophic traits (morphology of jaws and lips, dentition) and propose these species flocks as models for studying sympatric speciation in complex riverine systems. The possible role of hybridization as a mechanism of speciation is mentioned with a recorded example (Crenicichla scottii).

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• cichlidy anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• pravděpodobnostní funkce MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• rybí proteiny genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení MeSH
• sympatrie MeSH
• vznik druhů (genetika) MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Paraguay MeSH
• Uruguay MeSH

Cucolepis gen. n. is erected as monotypic for Cucolepis cincta sp. n., a new species of cyclophyllidean cestode of the family Paruterinidae. The new species is described from the squirrel cuckoo, Piaya cayana Lesson (Aves: Cuculiformes), taken from two localities in Paraguay in 1984 and 1985. This new genus is most similar to the genus Triaenorhina Spasskii et Shumilo, 1965 in terms of the hook morphology and large epiphyseal structures extending from both the handle and guard, but differs in several aspects of the strobilar morphology, such as the shape of the cirrus sac, genital atrium, uterus and paruterine organ. The strobilar morphology of the new genus strongly resembles that of the genus Francobona Georgiev et Kornyushin, 1994, especially the shape of the cirrus sac and genital atrium, yet Francobona spp. lack, the developed epiphyseal structures observed in species of Cucolepis and Triaenorhina. Previous records and the nature of parasite-host associations between cuculiform birds and their cestode parasites are discussed.

• MeSH
• Cestoda anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• cestodózy epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci ptáků epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Passeriformes * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Paraguay MeSH

The presence of the frontal gland is well established in termite soldiers of Rhinotermitidae, Serritermitidae, and Termitidae. It is one of their main defensive adaptations or even an exclusive weapon. The gland was also occasionally reported in alate imagoes, but never in the worker caste. Here, we report the first observation of a frontal gland in workers of several Neotropical and one African species of Apicotermitinae. The ultrastructure of Aparatermes cingulatus and Anoplotermes nr. subterraneus is described in detail. In these two species, the gland is well-developed, functional and consists of class 1 secretory cells. The presence of envelope cells, wrapping the gland, is an unusual feature, as well as the presence of several zonulae adherens, connecting neighbouring glandular cells. The frontal gland of workers is homologous to this organ in soldiers and imagoes, as evidenced by the same position in the head and its connection to the same muscle. However, the defensive role of the frontal gland in workers remains to be confirmed.

• MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• endokrinní žlázy anatomie a histologie   cytologie   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• Isoptera anatomie a histologie   cytologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• sociální chování MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Bolívie MeSH
• Brazílie MeSH
• Francouzská Guyana MeSH
• Paraguay MeSH
• Surinam MeSH

Cuculisyringophilus crotophaginus gen. n. et sp. n. is described from the guira cuckoo Guira guira (Gmelin) from Paraguay and also was collected from the groove-billed ani Crotophaga sulcirostris Swainson from Colombia and Mexico. This new genus is closely related to Neoaulobia Fain, Bochkov et Mironov, 2000 but is distinguished by the following characters: propodosomal setae sce are situated distinctly anterior to level of setae d1, leg setae vs’II are absent, apodemes I are divergent.

• MeSH
• Acari anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• ptáci parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kolumbie MeSH
• Mexiko MeSH
• Paraguay MeSH

• MeSH
• acne vulgaris dějiny   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dějiny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Paraguay MeSH

• MeSH
• alveolární makrofágy účinky léků   MeSH
• epiteloidní buňky MeSH
• herbicidy patologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• poškození DNA MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Paraguay MeSH