The present study was designed to characterize six Trueperella (T.) abortisuis strains, cultured over a period of 5 months from fetus and abortion material of six pigs of a single farm in Mecklenburg-West Pomerania federal state, Germany. It was of interest to investigate the epidemiological relationships of the six strains among each other and whether a single bacterial clone was responsible for the abortion situation of the single farm. All six strains were identified phenotypically, by MALDI-TOF MS analysis and by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and gap (encoding the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and tuf (encoding elongation factor tu) gene sequencing. Further genotypic comparison was performed using different genomic DNA fingerprint methods including BOX-PCR, (GTG)5-PCR, and three RAPD-PCRs. The sequence analysis of the genes gap and tuf and the genomic DNA fingerprinting results revealed, as noval findings, that the six T. abortisuis strains cultured from a single farm represent six different bacterial clones showing a genetic variability of this bacterial species in the pig population. All six T. abortisuis strains were isolated in mixed culture with several other bacterial species. However, the T. abortisuis strain, generally found in high numbers, seemed to be responsible for the abortion situation in the farm.
- MeSH
- Actinomycetaceae klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA fingerprinting MeSH
- farmy MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi řádu Actinomycetales komplikace epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci prasat epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- potracený plod mikrobiologie MeSH
- potrat u zvířat epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- prasata mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Německo MeSH
We evaluated the prevalence and epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates in pigs during production cycle on a Czech farm with the history of previous use of ceftiofur. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were obtained from rectal swabs from pigs of different age groups (suckling piglets, weaned piglets, growers and sows). Collected samples were directly cultivated on MacConkey agar with cefotaxime (2 mg l-1 ), whereas intestinal swabs of slaughtered pigs and surface swabs from pig carcasses were also pre-enriched in buffered peptone water without antimicrobials before the cultivation. Clonal relationship of selected isolates was determined by XbaI pulse-field gel electrophoresis and multi-locus sequence typing. The transferability of plasmids carrying blaCTX-M genes was tested by conjugation experiments. From all examined samples, 141 (43·7%, n = 323) were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli. All ESBL-producing isolates showed resistance to multiple antimicrobials and were positive for blaCTX-M genes. The blaCTX-M-1 was carried by conjugative IncN/ST1 plasmids (c. 40-45 kb) while the blaCTX-M-15 was located on conjugative F plasmids with F:18:A5:B1 formula (c. 165 kb). This study demonstrated the persistence of CTX-M-positive E. coli isolates 2 months after banner of ceftiofur usage and indicated possible risk of transmission of these isolates to humans via the food chain.
- MeSH
- beta-laktamasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Escherichia coli enzymologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- farmy MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie patofyziologie veterinární MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
- nemoci prasat mikrobiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- plazmidy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- prasata růst a vývoj mikrobiologie MeSH
- proteiny z Escherichia coli genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding nuclear protein that can be actively secreted by immune cells after different immune stimuli or passively released from cells undergoing necrosis. HMGB1 amplifies inflammation, and its hypersecretion contributes to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. We tested possible immunomodulatory effect of commensal Lactobacillus amylovorus (LA), Lactobacillus mucosae (LM) or probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in infection of gnotobiotic piglets with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Transcription of HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, and 9 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), TLR4-related molecules (MD-2, CD14, and LBP), and adaptor proteins (MyD88 and TRIF) in the ileum and colon were measured by RT-qPCR. Expression of TLR4 and its related molecules were highly upregulated in the ST-infected intestine, which was suppressed by EcN, but not LA nor LM. In contrast, HMGB1 expression was unaffected by ST infection or commensal/probiotic administration. HMGB1 protein levels in the intestine measured by ELISA were increased in ST-infected piglets, but they were decreased by previous colonization with E. coli Nissle 1917 only. We conclude that the stability of HMGB1 mRNA expression in all piglet groups could show its importance for DNA transcription and physiological cell functions. The presence of HMGB1 protein in the intestinal lumen probably indicates cellular damage.
- MeSH
- Escherichia coli imunologie MeSH
- gnotobiologické modely imunologie MeSH
- Lactobacillus acidophilus imunologie MeSH
- prasata * imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- probiotika * MeSH
- protein HMGB1 imunologie MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium imunologie MeSH
- signální transdukce imunologie MeSH
- střeva imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- toll-like receptor 4 imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The objective of the study was to compare the efficiency of two species of yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica (YL) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), with or without a probiotic supplement, added to feed for piglets, on the basis of haematological blood indices and the gut microbiota. A total of 360 piglets (the average 27-d-old) were allotted to dietary treatments: 1) the basal control(C) diet, 2) the C diet + probiotic(P) (a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis), 3) the C diet +3%YL(Y), 4) the C diet +3%YL + probiotic(YP), 5) the C diet +3%SC(S) and 6) the C diet +3%SC + probiotic(SP). The study showed that YL yeast can be used in compound feeds for piglets interchangeably with SC yeast. The effect of YL on haematological blood parameters and the microbes colonizing the gut proved to be more beneficial than the effect of SC yeast. The combined application of YL or SC with a probiotic had a more favourable effect on the gut microbiota than the use of yeast alone. It should be noted, however, that supplementation of the compound feed with YL in combination with a probiotic reduced the multiplication of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in the intestinal contents, while the feed containing SC together with a probiotic did not. The dietary study confirmed that YL in combination with a probiotic is highly suitable for feeding piglets.
- MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- prasata krev mikrobiologie MeSH
- probiotika * MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- Yarrowia MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to livestock, human and environmental health. Although resistant bacteria have been detected in wildlife, their role in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance is not clear. Our objective was to investigate demographic, temporal and climatic factors associated with carriage of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in raccoons and the environment. We collected samples from raccoon paws and feces and from soil, manure pit and dumpsters on five swine farms and five conservation areas in Ontario, Canada once every five weeks from May to November, 2011-2013 and tested them for E. coli and susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials. Of samples testing positive for E. coli, resistance to ≥ 1 antimicrobials was detected in 7.4% (77/1044; 95% CI, 5.9-9.1) of raccoon fecal samples, 6.3% (23/365; 95% CI, 4.0-9.3) of paw samples, 9.6% (121/1260; 8.0-11.4) of soil samples, 57.4% (31/54; 95% CI, 43.2-70.8) of manure pit samples, and 13.8% (4/29; 95% CI, 3.9-31.7) of dumpster samples. Using univariable logistic regression, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of resistant E. coli in raccoon feces on conservation areas versus farms; however, E. coli isolates resistant to ≥ 1 antimicrobials were significantly less likely to be detected from raccoon paw samples on swine farms than conservation areas and significantly more likely to be detected in soil samples from swine farms than conservation areas. Resistant phenotypes and genotypes that were absent from the swine farm environment were detected in raccoons from conservation areas, suggesting that conservation areas and swine farms may have different exposures to resistant bacteria. However, the similar resistance patterns and genes in E. coli from raccoon fecal and environmental samples from the same location types suggest that resistant bacteria may be exchanged between raccoons and their environment.
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- farmy MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- hnůj mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli epidemiologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody MeSH
- mývalové mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci prasat mikrobiologie MeSH
- prasata mikrobiologie MeSH
- přední končetina mikrobiologie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- zadní končetina mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Ontario epidemiologie MeSH
Human yersiniosis caused by pathogenic Yersinia spp. is one of the most common reported zoonoses in the European Union and pigs are considered as the major reservoir of these bacteria. Serological testing represents a suitable method to obtain information about the prevalence of enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. in food animals. The prevalence of antibodies against enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. was studied in 319 slaughtered pigs and 135 wild boars from different production systems in the Moravian region (Czech Republic) using a commercially available ELISA test (an apparent prevalence). The seroprevalence was significantly associated with the type of breeding system, with the lowest seroprevalence being observed in household-raised pigs (13/29, 44.8%). No significant difference between the prevalence of anti-Yersinia antibodies in conventional (146/180, 81.1%) and organic pigs (92/110, 83.6%) was found. Antibodies were found in 65.9% (89/135) of wild boars without a significant difference between adult (23/41, 56.1%) and young (66/94, 70.2%) animals. Seropositivity was significantly higher in domestic (251/319, 78.7% in total) compared to feral pigs. A Bayesian approach taking into account the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test was used to estimate the true prevalence of anti-Yersinia antibodies in pigs and wild boars. According to our results, domestic pigs and wild boars proved to be an important reservoir of enteropathogenic Yersinia in the Czech Republic. Attention should be paid to good hygienic practice during slaughtering and handling of meat to prevent meat contamination and subsequently human infection.
- MeSH
- divoká zvířata MeSH
- infekce yersiniemi epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- jatka MeSH
- maso mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci prasat epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
- prasata mikrobiologie MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- Yersinia izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- zdroje nemoci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
Cíl práce: Detekovat a charakterizovat kmeny meticilin-rezistentních bakterií Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) v chovech prasat, na porážce a ve vzorcích masa v tržní síti. Materiál a metody: Celkem bylo v letech 2013-2015 vyšetřeno 890 vzorků, z prvovýroby (prasat na farmách) pocházelo 59 vzorků, ze zpracovatelských podniků (jatek) pocházelo 463 stěrů a z tržní sítě bylo odebráno 368 vzorků vepřového masa a jater. K detekci MRSA byla použita kultivační metoda. Po homogenizaci vzorků bylo provedeno neselektivní pomnožení v pufrované peptonové vodě při 37 °C po dobu 18-24 hodin a dále bylo provedeno dvoustupňové selektivní pomnožení. Pět mililitrů PPV bylo přeneseno do média Mueller-Hinton s 6,5% přídavkem NaCl a po inkubaci, která probíhala ve všech krocích při 37 °C po dobu 18-24 hodin, byl 1 ml inokulován do trypton-sojového bujónu s cefoxitinem a aztreonamem. Další den pak byla suspenze vyočkována na Baird-Parker a Brilliance TM MRSA 2 agary. Suspektní kolonie byly konfirmovány metodou PCR, byl detekován fragment SA442 specifický pro kmeny druhu S. aureus, mecA gen kódující rezistenci k meticilinu a bylo provedeno potvrzení příslušnosti izolátu ke klonálnímu komplexu CC398. Dále byla stanovena rezistence k panelu 11 antimikrobiálních látek za použití diskové difuzní metody. Výsledky: V rámci studie bylo získáno 51 kmenů MRSA, 15 pocházelo od živých prasat, 31 izolátů z jatek a 5 bylo detekováno ve vzorcích z tržní sítě. Ke klonálnímu komplexu CC398 náleželo 47 (92,2 %) kmenů MRSA. Čtyři izoláty non-CC398 byly získány z prostředí dvou porážek a pocházely od zvířat ze tří různých farem. Izoláty často vykazovaly vícečetnou rezistenci. U izolátů MRSA byla detekována rezistence k erytromycinu (36; 70,6 %), tetracyklinu (29; 56,9 %), fluorochinolonům (7; 13,7 %), ko-trimoxazolu (6; 11,8 %) a aminoglykosidům (4; 7,8 %). Závěr. V potravinách živočišného původu byly detekovány izoláty MRSA náležející do klonálního komplexu CC398, jenž pochází z chovů hospodářských zvířat. Tyto kmeny jsou často charakterizovány vícečetnou rezistencí. Role potravního řetězce v šíření LA-MRSA zatím není jednoznačně objasněna.
Objectives: To detect and characterize strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on pig farms, at slaughterhouses and meat samples at retail sale. Material and Methods; A total of 890 samples were examined in the years 2013-2015, comprising 59 samples from primary production (pig farms), 463 swabs from processing plants (slaughterhouses) and 368 samples of pork meat and liver collected at retail sale. The culture method was used for the detection of MRSA. After homogenization, the samples were enriched in buffered peptone water at 37 °C for 18-24 hours and two-stage selective enrichment was performed. Five milliliters of PPV were transferred to Mueller-Hinton medium with addition of 6.5% NaCl and after incubation at 37 °C for 18-24 hours, 1 ml was inoculated into tryptone soy broth with cefoxitin and aztreonam. The suspension was plated onto Baird-Parker and Brilliance TM MRSA 2 agar on the next day. Suspected colonies were confirmed by PCR, the specific S. aureus fragment SA442, the mecA gene encoding resistance to methicillin and relation to the clonal complex CC398 were detected. Further, resistance test to a panel of 11 antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method was performed. Results: Within this study, 51 MRSA strains were obtained, of which 15 originated from live pigs, 31 isolates were from slaughterhouses and 5 were detected in retail samples. Forty-seven (92.2 %) MRSA strains belonged to the clonal complex CC398. Four non-CC398 isolates were obtained from two slaughterhouses and came from three farms. The strains often showed multiple resistance. In some MRSA isolates, resistance to erythromycin (36; 70.6 %), tetracychne (29; 56.9 %), fluoroquinolones (7; 13.7 %), co-trimoxazole (6; 11.8 %) and aminoglycosides (4; 7.8 %) was detected. Conclusion: MRSA isolates of the clonal complex CC398 dominate in foods of animal origin. These strains originate from livestock and are often characterized by multiple resistance to antimicrobials. The role of the food chain in the spread of LA-MRSA is not yet clearly understood.
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maso mikrobiologie zásobování a distribuce MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- metody pro přípravu analytických vzorků MeSH
- potravní řetězec * MeSH
- prasata * mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Bovinní tuberkulóza je způsobovaná dvěma obligátně patogenními druhy: Mycobacterium bovis a M. caprae, které vyvolávají závažná onemocnění zvířat a lidí. Přitom orální cesta infekce stojící za mimoplicní formou onemocnění je u lidí častější než aerogenní infekce způsobující plicní tuberkulózu. K významným rizikovým faktorům podmiňujícím vznik onemocnění u lidí patří především konzumace nedostatečně tepelně ošetřeného mléka, případně masa od infikovaných zvířat. Česká republika patří od roku 2004 mezi státy EU, které jsou oficiálně prosté bovinní tuberkulózy u skotu. S ohledem na stoupající počty jiných druhů infikovaných zvířat (zejm. jelenů lesních a prasat divokých) bovinní tuberkulózou v okolních státech je nutné na tuto situaci upozornit.
Bovine tuberculosis is caused by two obligate pathogenic species, Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae, that cause severe disease in animals and humans. The oral route of infection causing extrapulmonary forms of the disease in humans is more common than aerogenic infection causing pulmonary tuberculosis. Significant risk factors for the development of diseases in humans are mainly consuming insufficiently heat-treated milk or meat from infected animals. Since 2004, the Czech Republic has been listed among the EU countries that are officially free of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. In light of the increasing numbers of other animal species (esp. red deer and wild boars) infected with bovine tuberculosis in neighboring countries, it is necessary to draw attention to this situation.
- MeSH
- bezpečnost potravin * MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Mycobacterium bovis * patogenita MeSH
- Mycobacterium patogenita MeSH
- prasata mikrobiologie MeSH
- přežvýkavci mikrobiologie MeSH
- tuberkulóza skotu * epidemiologie přenos MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
One of the recent trends in animal production is the revival of interest in organic farming. The increased consumer interest in organic animal farming is mainly due to concerns about animal welfare and the use of antibiotics in conventional farming. On the other hand, providing animals with a more natural lifestyle implies their increased exposure to environmental sources of different microorganisms including pathogens. To address these concerns, we determined the abundance of antibiotic resistance and diversity within fecal microbiota in pigs kept under conventional and organic farming systems in Sweden, Denmark, France and Italy. The abundance of sul1, sul2, strA, tet(A), tet(B) and cat antibiotic resistance genes was determined in 468 samples by real-time PCR and the fecal microbiota diversity was characterized in 48 selected samples by pyrosequencing of V3/V4 regions of 16S rRNA. Contrary to our expectations, there were no extensive differences between the abundance of tested antibiotic resistance genes in microbiota originating from organic or conventionally housed pigs within individual countries. There were also no differences in the microbiota composition of organic and conventional pigs. The only significant difference was the difference in the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in the samples from different countries. Fecal microbiota in the samples originating from southern European countries (Italy, France) exhibited significantly higher antibiotic resistance gene abundance than those from northern parts of Europe (Denmark, Sweden). Therefore, the geographical location of the herd influenced the antibiotic resistance in the fecal microbiota more than farm's status as organic or conventional.
- MeSH
- bakteriální geny genetika MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- biozemědělství * MeSH
- chov zvířat * MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiota genetika MeSH
- prasata mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
