Extracellular vesicles are thought to facilitate pathogen transmission from arthropods to humans and other animals. Here, we reveal that pathogen spreading from arthropods to the mammalian host is multifaceted. Extracellular vesicles from Ixodes scapularis enable tick feeding and promote infection of the mildly virulent rickettsial agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum through the SNARE proteins Vamp33 and Synaptobrevin 2 and dendritic epidermal T cells. However, extracellular vesicles from the tick Dermacentor andersoni mitigate microbial spreading caused by the lethal pathogen Francisella tularensis. Collectively, we establish that tick extracellular vesicles foster distinct outcomes of bacterial infection and assist in vector feeding by acting on skin immunity. Thus, the biology of arthropods should be taken into consideration when developing strategies to control vector-borne diseases.
- MeSH
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum patogenita MeSH
- bakteriální infekce imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- členovci metabolismus mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- Dermacentor metabolismus mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- extracelulární vezikuly metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- Francisella tularensis patogenita MeSH
- genová ontologie MeSH
- intravitální mikroskopie MeSH
- klíšťata metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- klíště metabolismus mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- kůže imunologie mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránový protein 2 asociovaný s vezikuly metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- proteiny R-SNARE metabolismus MeSH
- proteomika MeSH
- T-lymfocyty metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- zánět imunologie metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
Despite high vaccine coverage in many parts of the world, pertussis is resurging in a number of areas in which acellular vaccines are the primary vaccine administered to infants and young children. This is attributed in part to the suboptimal and short-lived immunity elicited by acellular pertussis vaccines and to their inability to prevent nasal colonization and transmission of the etiologic agent Bordetella pertussis In response to this escalating public health concern, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases held the workshop "Overcoming Waning Immunity in Pertussis Vaccines" in September 2019 to identify issues and possible solutions for the defects in immunity stimulated by acellular pertussis vaccines. Discussions covered aspects of the current problem, gaps in knowledge and possible paths forward. This review summarizes presentations and discussions of some of the key points that were raised by the workshop.
- MeSH
- acelulární vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- Bordetella pertussis imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.) MeSH
- pertuse imunologie MeSH
- pertusová vakcína imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené státy americké MeSH