Septooptická dysplázie (SOD) zahrnuje poruchu vývoje středočárových struktur mozku, hypoplázii optických nervů a hypopituitarismus. Jde o onemocnění velmi pestré co do spektra projevů i jejich tíže. Autoři se v textu věnují zejména endokrinním projevům SOD a jejich vztahu k nálezům na magnetické rezonanci. V samotné kazuistice pak popisují případ dvouletého děvčátka, u kterého k diagnóze vedly symptomatické hypoglykemie na podkladě centrálního hypokorticismu, nález na magnetické rezonanci v podobě hypoplázie corpus cal- losum, drobné adenohypofýzy s absencí stopky hypofýzy, ektopickou neurohypofýzou a hypoplázie levého optického nervu potvrzená i nálezem na očním pozadí. Po zahájení sub- stituce hydrokortizonem došlo k ústupu hypoglykemií. Z dalších deficitů byl zjištěn nedostatek růstového hormonu
Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) includes developmental disorders of the brain midline struc- tures, optic nerves hypoplasia and hypopituitarism. This disorder is greatly variable in terms of its manifestations as well as their severity. The authors of the text focus mostly on the endocrine manifestations of SOD and their relation to MRI findings. The case report describes a case of a two-year-old girl, whose diagnosis was made by symptomatic hypogly- caemia on the bases of central hypocorticism, MRI findings in the form of hypoplasia corpus callosum, small adenohypophysis with the absence of hypophyseal stalk, ectopic neurohy- pophysis, and left optic nerve hypoplasia confirmed by a finding on ophthalmology background. After the initiation of hydrocortisone substitution the hypoglycaemias subsided. Among other deficits, growth hormone insufficiency was discovered.
Stilbenoids are interesting natural compounds with pleiotropic in vitro and in vivo activity. Their well-documented biological properties include anti-inflammatory effects, anticancer effects, effects on longevity, and many others. Therefore, they are nowadays commonly found in foods and dietary supplements, and used as a part of treatment strategy in various types of diseases. Bioactivity of stilbenoids strongly depends on different types of factors such as dosage, food composition, and synergistic effects with other plant secondary metabolites such as polyphenols or vitamins. In this review, we summarize the existing in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data from published studies addressing the optimization of bioavailability of stilbenoids. Stilbenoids face low bioavailability due to their chemical structure. This can be improved by the use of novel drug delivery systems or enhancers, which are discussed in this review. Current in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that both approaches are very promising and increase the absorption of the original substance by several times. However, data from more clinical trials are required.
- MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- resveratrol chemie farmakokinetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- stilbeny chemie farmakokinetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- systémy cílené aplikace léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Sklerotizace absolutním alkoholem pod ultrazvukovou kontrolou (US-PEIT) se již etablovala jako rutinní a bezpečná metoda k léčbě symptomatických cyst štítné žlázy. S výhodou ji lze použít jako alternativu chirurgického výkonu zejména u mladých žen a dívek, které odmítají operační zákrok. Předkládáme sérii kazuistik šesti dívek (průměrný věk 16,3 let), u kterých bylo touto metodou dosaženo redukce objemu cysty (VRR) o 93 % a vymizení tekuté složky. Průměrný iniciální objem cyst byl 5,7 ml, po sklerotizaci 0,4 ml. Pro úspěšnou sklerotizaci stačila aplikace malého množství alkoholu odpovídající 19 % iniciálního objemu cysty. V průměru bylo potřeba provést 2 sklerotizace jedné cysty. Pacientky nemusely podstoupit operační výkon. Velkou předností metody je, že odpadá následná doživotní substituce hormony štítné žlázy.
Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Ethanol Injection Therapy (US-PEIT) has been already established as a routine and safe treatment of symptomatic thyroid cysts as an alternative to surgery. Preferably it can be used in young women and girls who refuse surgery. We present a series of case reports of six girls, where this method achieved a cyst volume reduction rate (VRR) of 93% and the disappearance of the fluid component. For successful US-PEIT of thyroid cysts was sufficient to use relatively small total amounts of ethanol, corresponding to 19% of the initial cyst volume. Two sclerotizations per cyst were needed. The patients avoided surgery. The great advantage of the method is that there is no subsequent lifetime substitution of thyroid hormones.
- Klíčová slova
- sklerotizace absolutním alkoholem pod ultrasonografickou kontrolou, cysty štítné žlázy,
- MeSH
- cysty * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- skleroterapie * metody MeSH
- štítná žláza patologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Trans-resveratrol, a well-known plant phenolic compound, has been intensively investigated due to its association with the so-called French paradox. However, despite its high pharmacological potential, trans-resveratrol has shown relatively low bioavailability. Trans-resveratrol is intensively metabolized in the intestine and liver, yielding metabolites that may be responsible for its high bioactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the metabolism of trans-resveratrol (tRes), cis-resveratrol (cRes) and dihydroresveratrol (dhRes) in an in vitro epithelial model using Caco-2 cell lines. Obtained metabolites of tRes, cRes and dhRes were analyzed by LC/MS Q-TOF, and significant differences in the metabolism of each compound were observed. The majority of tRes was transported unchanged through the Caco-2 cells, while cRes was mostly metabolized. The main metabolite of both cis- and trans-resveratrol observed as a result of colon microbial metabolism, dhRes, was metabolized almost completely, with only traces of the unchanged molecule being found. A sulphate conjugate was identified as the main metabolite of tRes in our model, while a glucuronide conjugate was the major metabolite of cRes and dhRes. Since metabolism of simple phenolics and polyphenols plays a crucial role in their bioavailability, detailed knowledge of their transformation is of high scientific value.
- MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- Caco-2 buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- permeabilita MeSH
- resveratrol chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- stereoizomerie MeSH
- stilbeny chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- střevní sliznice cytologie metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Stilbenoids are important components of foods (e.g., peanuts, grapes, various edible berries), beverages (wine, white tea), and medicinal plants. Many publications have described the anti-inflammatory potential of stilbenoids, including the widely known trans-resveratrol and its analogues. However, comparatively little information is available regarding the activity of their prenylated derivatives. One new prenylated stilbenoid (2) was isolated from Artocarpus altilis and characterized structurally based on 1D and 2D NMR analysis and HRMS. Three other prenylated stilbenoids were prepared synthetically (9-11). Their antiphlogistic potential was determined by testing them together with known natural prenylated stilbenoids from Macaranga siamensis and Artocarpus heterophyllus in both cell-free and cell assays. The inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) was also shown by simulated molecular docking for the most active stilbenoids in order to elucidate the mode of interaction between these compounds and the enzyme. Their effects on the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathway were also analyzed. The THP1-XBlue-MD2-CD14 cell line was used as a model for determining their anti-inflammatory potential, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 induced a signaling cascade leading to the activation of NF-κB/AP-1. The ability of prenylated stilbenoids to attenuate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was further evaluated using LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- cyklooxygenasy metabolismus MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipoxygenasy metabolismus MeSH
- NF-kappa B antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- prenylace * MeSH
- signální transdukce účinky léků MeSH
- stilbeny farmakologie MeSH
- transkripční faktor AP-1 antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- zánět prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Astragalus is a very interesting plant genus, well-known for its content of flavonoids, triterpenes and polysaccharides. Its secondary metabolites are described as biologically active compounds showing several activities, e.g., immunomodulating, antibacterial, antiviral and hepatoprotective. This inspired us to analyze the Bulgarian endemic A. aitosensis (Ivanisch.) to obtain deeper information about its phenolic components. We used extensive chromatographic separation of A. aitosensis extract to obtain seven phenolic compounds (1-7), which were identified using combined LC-MS and NMR spectral studies. The 1D and 2D NMR analyses and HR-MS allowed us to resolve the structures of known compounds 5-7 as isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside, isorhamnetin-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-rhamno-pyranosyl-β-galactopyranoside), and alangiflavoside, respectively, and further comparison of these spectral data with available literature helped us with structural analysis of newly described flavonoid glycosides 1-4. These were described in plant source for the first time.
- MeSH
- Astragalus chemie MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- fenoly chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- flavonoidy chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- glykosidy chemie klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- triterpeny chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Stilbenoids are dietary phenolics with notable biological effects on humans. Epidemiological, clinical, and nutritional studies from recent years have confirmed the significant biological effects of stilbenoids, such as oxidative stress protection and the prevention of degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Stilbenoids are intensively metabolically transformed by colon microbiota, and their corresponding metabolites might show different or stronger biological activity than their parent molecules. The aim of the present study was to determine the metabolism of six stilbenoids (resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, piceatannol, thunalbene, batatasin III, and pinostilbene), mediated by colon microbiota. Stilbenoids were fermented in an in vitro faecal fermentation system using fresh faeces from five different donors as an inoculum. The samples of metabolized stilbenoids were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h. Significant differences in the microbial transformation among stilbene derivatives were observed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Four stilbenoids (resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, piceatannol and thunalbene) were metabolically transformed by double bond reduction, dihydroxylation, and demethylation, while batatasin III and pinostilbene were stable under conditions simulating the colon environment. Strong inter-individual differences in speed, intensity, and pathways of metabolism were observed among the faecal samples obtained from the donors.
- MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- fenoly chemie metabolismus MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- kolon metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- resveratrol chemie metabolismus MeSH
- stilbeny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Dietary phenolics or polyphenols are mostly metabolized by the human gut microbiota. These metabolites appear to confer the beneficial health effects attributed to phenolics. Microbial composition affects the type of metabolites produced. Reciprocally, phenolics modulate microbial composition. Understanding this relationship could be used to positively impact health by phenolic supplementation and thus create favorable colonic conditions. This study explored the effect of six stilbenoids (batatasin III, oxyresveratrol, piceatannol, pinostilbene, resveratrol, thunalbene) on the gut microbiota composition. Stilbenoids were anaerobically fermented with fecal bacteria from four donors, samples were collected at 0 and 24 h, and effects on the microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical tests identified affected microbes at three taxonomic levels. Observed microbial composition modulation by stilbenoids included a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, a decrease in the relative abundance of strains from the genus Clostridium, and effects on the family Lachnospiraceae. A frequently observed effect was a further decrease of the relative abundance when compared to the control. An opposite effect to the control was observed for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whose relative abundance increased. Observed effects were more frequently attributed to resveratrol and piceatannol, followed by thunalbene and batatasin III.
