Self-propelled microrobots are seen as the next step of micro- and nanotechnology. The biomedical and environmental applications of these robots in the real world need their motion in the confined environments, such as in veins or spaces between the grains of soil. Here, self-propelled trilayer microrobots have been prepared using electrodeposition techniques, coupling unique properties of green bismuth (Bi) with a layered crystal structure, magnetic nickel (Ni), and a catalytic platinum (Pt) layer. These Bi-based microrobots are investigated as active self-propelled platforms that can load, transfer, and release both doxorubicin (DOX), as a widely used anticancer drug, and arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr), as hazardous heavy metals. The significantly high loading capability for such variable cargoes is due to the high surface area provided by the rhombohedral layered crystal structure of bismuth, as well as the defects introduced through the oxide layer formed on the surface of bismuth. The drug release is based on an ultrafast electroreductive mechanism in which the electron injection into microrobots and consequently into the loaded objects causes an electrostatic repulsion between them and thus an ultrafast release of the loaded cargos. Remarkably, we have presented magnetic control of the Bi-based microrobots inside a microfluidic system equipped with an electrochemical setup as a proof-of-concept to demonstrate (i) heavy metals/DOX loading, (ii) a targeted transport system, (iii) the on-demand release mechanism, and (iv) the recovery of the robots for further usage.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- bismut * chemie toxicita MeSH
- chrom chemie toxicita MeSH
- doxorubicin * chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- nanotechnologie trendy MeSH
- platina chemie toxicita MeSH
- těžké kovy chemie toxicita MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- uzavřené prostory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
This review summarizes recent progress and developments as well as the most important pitfalls in targeted alpha-particle therapy, covering single alpha-particle emitters as well as in vivo alpha-particle generators. It discusses the production of radionuclides like 211At, 223Ra, 225Ac/213Bi, labelling and delivery employing various targeting vectors (small molecules, chelators for alpha-emitting nuclides and their biomolecular targets as well as nanocarriers), general radiopharmaceutical issues, preclinical studies, and clinical trials including the possibilities of therapy prognosis and follow-up imaging. Special attention is given to the nuclear recoil effect and its impacts on the possible use of alpha emitters for cancer treatment, proper dose estimation, and labelling chemistry. The most recent and important achievements in the development of alpha emitters carrying vectors for preclinical and clinical use are highlighted along with an outlook for future developments.
- MeSH
- aktinium chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- alfa částice terapeutické užití MeSH
- astat chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- bismut chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- chelátory chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- heterocyklické sloučeniny monocyklické chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- heterocyklické sloučeniny chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- knihovny malých molekul chemie farmakokinetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory patologie radioterapie MeSH
- nosiče léků aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- radiofarmaka chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- radionuklidy chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- radium chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
A novel enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor was developed for highly sensitive detection and quantification of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in human serum. For the first time, core/shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots were conjugated with anti-HE4 IgG antibodies for subsequent sandwich-type immunosensing with superparamagnetic microparticles functionalized with anti-HE4 IgG antibodies, which allow rapid and efficient HE4 capture from the sample. Electrochemical detection of anti-HE4 IgG - HE4 - anti-HE4 IgGCdSe/ZnS immunocomplex was performed by recording the current response of Cd(II) ions, released from dissolved quantum dots at screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), modified with mercury or bismuth film. The linear range of the detection was from 20 pM to 40 nM with limit of detection of 12 pM using three times the standard deviation of blank criterion at mercury-film SPCE and from 100 pM to 2 nM with limit of detection of 89 pM at bismuth-film SPCE. Proposed electrochemical immunosensor meets the requirements for fast and sensitive quantification of HE4 biomarker in early stage of ovarian cancer and due to the proper sensitivity and specificity presents a promising alternative to enzyme-based probes used routinely in clinical diagnostics.
- MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky * MeSH
- bismut chemie MeSH
- časná detekce nádoru MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky * MeSH
- elektrody MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- imunoanalýza * MeSH
- imunokonjugáty chemie metabolismus MeSH
- kvantové tečky chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery krev genetika MeSH
- nádory vaječníků krev diagnóza genetika patologie MeSH
- proteiny analýza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- protilátky chemie metabolismus MeSH
- rtuť chemie MeSH
- sloučeniny kadmia chemie MeSH
- sloučeniny selenu chemie MeSH
- sloučeniny zinku chemie MeSH
- uhlík chemie MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
New type of bismuth film electrode prepared by electrodeposition of bismuth film on a silver solid amalgam substrate (BiF-AgSAE) was tested as a sensor for voltammetric determination of electrochemically reducible organic substances using 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole (ANBT) as a model analyte. Using the optimized conditions (a 9:1 (v/v) mixture of aqueous Britton-Robinson buffer solution (pH 10.0) and methanol), the limits of quantification are 0.16 μmol L(-1) for direct current voltammetry (DCV) and 0.22 μmol L(-1) for differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The obtained calibration dependences are linear in the concentration range from 0.2 to 100 μmol L(-1) and the practical applicability of the newly developed electrode for the direct determination of ANBT in tap and mineral water model samples was confirmed in the concentration range from 0.2 to 10 μmol L(-1).
- MeSH
- antidota terapeutické užití MeSH
- bismut chemie toxicita MeSH
- chelátory terapeutické užití MeSH
- dialýza ledvin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- proximální tubuly ledvin patologie MeSH
- renální insuficience chemicky indukované patologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
