Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by the Fusarium molds that can contaminate food and feed. It has been found that FB1 can cause systemic toxicity, including neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity. This review addresses the toxicity studies carried out on FB1 and outlines the probable mechanisms underlying its immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, joint toxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy. In the present work, the research progress of FB1 detoxification in recent years is reviewed, which provides reference for controlling and reducing the toxicity of FB1.
As human co-exposure to natural toxins through food and water is inevitable, risk assessments to safeguard health are necessary. Aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1, frequent co-contaminants of maize and microcystin-LR, produced in freshwater by cyanobacteria are all naturally occurring potent toxins that threaten human health. Populations in the poorest regions of the world may suffer repeated simultaneous exposure to these contaminants. Using High Content Analysis, multiple cytotoxicity endpoints were measured for the individual toxins and mixtures in various cell lines. Results highlighted that significant cytotoxic effects were observed for aflatoxin B1 in all cell lines while no cytotoxic effects were observed for fumonisin B1 or microcystin-LR. Aflatoxin B1/microcystin-LR was cytotoxic in the order HepG2 > Caco-2 > MDBK. Fumonisin B1/microcystin-LR affected MDBK cells. The ternary mixture was cytotoxic to all cell lines. Most combinations were additive, however antagonism was observed for binary and ternary mixtures in HepG2 and MDBK cell lines at low and high concentrations. Synergy was observed in all cell lines, including at low concentrations. The combination of these natural toxins may pose a significant risk to populations in less developed countries. Furthermore, the study highlights the complexity around trying to regulate for human exposure to multiple contaminants.
- MeSH
- aflatoxin B1 aplikace a dávkování chemie toxicita MeSH
- biologické markery moč MeSH
- biologické toxiny MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- fumonisiny aplikace a dávkování chemie toxicita MeSH
- kontaminace potravin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrocystiny aplikace a dávkování chemie toxicita MeSH
- skot MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A new method for determination of fumonisins in corn samples was developed and validated. The mycotoxins were extracted by a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-water (1:1:2, v/v/v) and determined on a liquid chromatograph with mass spectrometric detection. The separation was performed on Zorbax XDB-C(18) column (150 x 4.6 mm; 5 microm) with a Metaguard ODS-2 precolumn (30 x 4.6 mm; 5 mum) using gradient elution with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate (adjusted by acetic acid to pH 3.0). For detection of (M+H(+)) ions, a quadrupole mass spectrometer in single ion monitoring mode was applied. Developed method showed very good linearity in a tested range of concentration. Detection limit is 62.0 microg FB(1)/kg and 58.5 microg FB(2)/kg of maize grains. Because the detection limits lie under the maximum permitted EU levels, the method is suitable for determination of fumonisins in milled corn grains.
- MeSH
- acetáty MeSH
- chemická frakcionace MeSH
- fumonisiny analýza chemie MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- kukuřice setá chemie MeSH
- lineární modely MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
