AIM: To evaluate the real-world comparative effectiveness and the cost-effectiveness, from a UK National Health Service perspective, of natalizumab versus fingolimod in patients with rapidly evolving severe relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RES-RRMS). METHODS: Real-world data from the MSBase Registry were obtained for patients with RES-RRMS who were previously either naive to disease-modifying therapies or had been treated with interferon-based therapies, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, or teriflunomide (collectively known as BRACETD). Matched cohorts were selected by 3-way multinomial propensity score matching, and the annualized relapse rate (ARR) and 6-month-confirmed disability worsening (CDW6M) and improvement (CDI6M) were compared between treatment groups. Comparative effectiveness results were used in a cost-effectiveness model comparing natalizumab and fingolimod, using an established Markov structure over a lifetime horizon with health states based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Additional model data sources included the UK MS Survey 2015, published literature, and publicly available sources. RESULTS: In the comparative effectiveness analysis, we found a significantly lower ARR for patients starting natalizumab compared with fingolimod (rate ratio [RR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-0.73) or BRACETD (RR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.42-0.53). Similarly, CDI6M was higher for patients starting natalizumab compared with fingolimod (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.55) and BRACETD (HR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16-1.85). In patients starting fingolimod, we found a lower ARR (RR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.65-0.80) compared with starting BRACETD, but no difference in CDI6M (HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.91-1.50). Differences in CDW6M were not found between the treatment groups. In the base-case cost-effectiveness analysis, natalizumab dominated fingolimod (0.302 higher quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs] and £17,141 lower predicted lifetime costs). Similar cost-effectiveness results were observed across sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This MSBase Registry analysis suggests that natalizumab improves clinical outcomes when compared with fingolimod, which translates to higher QALYs and lower costs in UK patients with RES-RRMS.
- MeSH
- analýza nákladové efektivity MeSH
- analýza nákladů a výnosů MeSH
- fingolimod hydrochlorid terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- natalizumab terapeutické užití MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- státní lékařství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené království MeSH
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- glukokortikoidy aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- IgG4 asociovaná nemoc * diagnóza farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- imunoglobulin G analýza krev MeSH
- imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci ledvin * diagnóza farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- retroperitoneální fibróza etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Effectiveness of cladribine tablets, an oral disease-modifying treatment (DMT) for multiple sclerosis (MS), was established in clinical trials and confirmed with real-world experience. OBJECTIVES: Use real-world data to compare treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in people with MS (pwMS) treated with cladribine tablets versus other oral DMTs. METHODS: Retrospective treatment comparisons were based on data from the international MSBase registry. Eligible pwMS started treatment with cladribine, fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, or teriflunomide tablets from 2018 to mid-2021 and were censored at treatment discontinuation/switch, death, loss to follow-up, pregnancy, or study period end. Treatment persistence was evaluated as time to discontinuation/switch; relapse outcomes included time to first relapse and annualized relapse rate (ARR). RESULTS: Cohorts included 633 pwMS receiving cladribine tablets, 1195 receiving fingolimod, 912 receiving dimethyl fumarate, and 735 receiving teriflunomide. Individuals treated with fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, or teriflunomide switched treatment significantly more quickly than matched cladribine tablet cohorts (adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 4.00 (2.54-6.32), 7.04 (4.16-11.93), and 6.52 (3.79-11.22), respectively). Cladribine tablet cohorts had significantly longer time-to-treatment discontinuation, time to first relapse, and lower ARR, compared with other oral DMT cohorts. CONCLUSION: Cladribine tablets were associated with a significantly greater real-world treatment persistence and more favorable relapse outcomes than all oral DMT comparators.
- MeSH
- dimethyl fumarát terapeutické užití MeSH
- fingolimod hydrochlorid terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- kladribin terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- tablety terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Maintenance of long-term lung allograft health in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) requires a fine balancing act between providing sufficient immunosuppression to reduce the risk of rejection whilst at the same time not over-immunosuppressing individuals and exposing them to the myriad of immunosuppressant drug side-effects that can cause morbidity and mortality. At present, lung transplant physicians only have limited and rather blunt tools available to assist them with this task. Although therapeutic drug monitoring provides clinically useful information about single time point and longitudinal exposure of LTRs to immunosuppressants, it lacks precision in determining the functional level of immunosuppression that an individual is experiencing. There is a significant gap in our ability to monitor lung allograft health and therefore tailor optimal personalised immunosuppression regimens. Molecular diagnostics performed on blood, bronchoalveolar lavage or lung tissue that can detect early signs of subclinical allograft injury, differentiate rejection from infection or distinguish cellular from humoral rejection could offer clinicians powerful tools in protecting lung allograft health. In this review, we look at the current evidence behind molecular monitoring in lung transplantation and ask if it is ready for routine clinical use. Although donor-derived cell-free DNA and tissue transcriptomics appear to be the techniques with the most immediate clinical potential, more robust data are required on their performance and additional clinical value beyond standard of care.
- MeSH
- alografty MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plíce * chirurgie MeSH
- rejekce štěpu diagnóza genetika prevence a kontrola MeSH
- transplantace plic * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE: There are no clear guidelines on how to handle immunosuppression in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) infected by SARS-CoV-2. Antimetabolite reduction with corticosteroid escalation is the most frequent strategy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of this therapeutic approach on the incidence of de novo donor specific-antibodies (dnDSA). METHODS: We retrospectively analysed a cohort of 27 LTRs diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection between September 2020 and April 2021 with available anti-HLA antibodies screening before and after infection. Managed as per the centre's SARS-CoV-2 protocol, the treatment modalities included specific virostatic treatment, convalescent plasma administration, reduction or discontinuation of mycophenolate and transient corticosteroid escalation initiated in the second week post-infection. RESULTS: All 27 patients received virostatics: 15 (55.6%) remdesivir and 12 (44.4%) favipiravir. In addition, 18 patients (66.7%) underwent convalescent plasma therapy. Of the 27 patients, 25 (92.6%) received mycophenolate as a part of their maintenance immunosuppressive regimen, which was temporarily reduced in 10 (37%) and discontinued in 15 LTRs (55.6%), the median resumption times for mycophenolate daily doses of at least 1000 mg being 13 days (IQR 11.0-63.5) and 59 days (IQR 26.0-130.0), respectively. Corticosteroids were escalated in 25 patients (92.6%), of whom 9 (33.3%) received IV methylprednisolone (median 80 mg/day; IQR 80-187.5) and 16 (59.3%) had oral prednisone adjusted (median 20 mg/day; IQR 16.3-38.8). The median time to revert to the corticosteroid dosage of ≤20 mg/day was 42 days (IQR 36.0-87.0). Notably, no dnDSA were detected in any LTR between 1 and 9 months from the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that antimetabolite cessation with a transient corticosteroid escalation is a safe therapeutic strategy regarding anti-HLA dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 infected LTRs.
- MeSH
- antilymfocytární sérum MeSH
- antimetabolity MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plíce MeSH
- příjemce transplantátu MeSH
- protilátky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- sérologická léčba covidu-19 MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Pemphigus foliaceus je poměrně vzácným onemocněním patřícím mezi bulózní dermatózy skupiny pemphigu. Jedná se skupinu autoimunitních kožních onemocnění, kde patofyziologickým mechanismem jejich vzniku je tvorba autoprotilátek proti proteinům ve struktuře desmozomů keratinocytů. Dle typu protilátek se jednotlivé subtypy pemphigu manifestují na kůži, sliznicích, nebo v obou lokalizacích současně. Klinické projevy jednotlivých subtypů mají svoji typickou morfu i predilekční lokalizaci, které společně s komplexním histopatologickým a zejména imunofluorescenčním vyšetřením nabízí poměrně přesnou diagnostiku onemocnění. Autorka popisuje případ pacientky s typickými projevy pemphigus foliaceus úspěšně léčené konvenčními imunosupresivy s výbornou terapeutickou odpovědí.
Pemphigus foliaceus is relatively rare subtype of pemphigus, grouped within the mucocutaneous bullous diseases. These autoimmune blistering disorders are characterized by the presence of circulating antibodies against desmogleins, in structure of epidermal intercellular adhesions. Depending on the subtype of antibody present, these diseases can manifest with mucosal, mucocutaneous, or cutaneous presentation. Clinical manifestation and localization of skin lesions are unique for each of the subtypes of pemphigus, which, supported by histopathological findings and direct immunofluorescence, provide accurate diagnostic conclusion. In this case-report, author describes typical case of pemphigus foliaceus, successfully treated by immunosuppressants with great therapeutical outcome.
- MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pemfigus * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vezikulobulózní nemoci kůže diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myozitida * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- statiny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- atopická dermatitida * diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunosupresiva farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory Janus kinas farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory kalcineurinu farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Idiopatický steroid senzitivní nefrotický syndrom je nejčastější glomerulopatií dětského věku, která je ve většině případů spojena s dobrou prognózu. U 50 % nemocných dochází ke vzniku častých relapsů nebo k závislosti na kortikoidech. V současné době máme k dispozici několik steroid šetřících léků, které podáváme s cílem navodit trvalou remisi onemocnění a vyhnout se nežádoucím účinkům kortikoidů. V našem přehledovém článku shrnujeme současné poznatky o diagnostice a léčbě steroid senzitivního nefrotického syndromu u dětí.
Idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome is the most common pediatric glomerulopathy. Most of the patients have favorable outcome, however 50% of children suffer from frequently relapsing course or they are steroid dependent. At present, several steroid sparing agents are available, which are administered to induce sustained remission and to prevent steroid side effects. Here, we review current knowledge in diagnostics and management of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The QUASAR Phase 2b Induction Study evaluated the efficacy and safety of guselkumab, an interleukin-23p19 subunit antagonist, in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) with prior inadequate response and/or intolerance to corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and/or advanced therapy. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, induction study, patients were randomized (1:1:1) to receive intravenous guselkumab 200 or 400 mg or placebo at weeks 0/4/8. The primary endpoint was clinical response (compared with baseline, modified Mayo score decrease ≥30% and ≥2 points, rectal bleeding subscore ≥1-point decrease or subscore of 0/1) at week 12. Guselkumab and placebo week-12 clinical nonresponders received subcutaneous or intravenous guselkumab 200 mg, respectively, at weeks 12/16/20 (uncontrolled study period). RESULTS: The primary analysis population included patients with baseline modified Mayo scores ≥5 and ≤9 (intravenous guselkumab 200 mg, n = 101; 400 mg, n = 107; placebo, n = 105). Week-12 clinical response percentage was greater with guselkumab 200 mg (61.4%) and 400 mg (60.7%) vs placebo (27.6%; both P < .001). Greater proportions of guselkumab-treated vs placebo-treated patients achieved all major secondary endpoints (clinical remission, symptomatic remission, endoscopic improvement, histo-endoscopic mucosal improvement, and endoscopic normalization) at week 12. Among guselkumab week-12 clinical nonresponders, 54.3% and 50.0% of patients in the 200- and 400-mg groups, respectively, achieved clinical response at week 24. Safety was similar among guselkumab and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS: Guselkumab intravenous induction was effective vs placebo in patients with moderately to severely active UC. Guselkumab was safe, and efficacy and safety were similar between guselkumab dose groups. CLINICALTRIALS: gov number: NCT04033445.
- MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- indukce remise MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida * diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
