The asymmetrical distribution of the cellular organelles inside the cell is maintained by a group of cell polarity proteins. The maintenance of polarity is one of the vital host defense mechanisms against pathogens, and the loss of it contributes to infection facilitation and cancer progression. Studies have suggested that infection of viruses and bacteria alters cell polarity. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus are group I carcinogens involved in the progression of multiple clinical conditions besides gastric cancer (GC) and Burkitt's lymphoma, respectively. Moreover, the coinfection of both these pathogens contributes to a highly aggressive form of GC. H. pylori and EBV target the host cell polarity complexes for their pathogenesis. H. pylori-associated proteins like CagA, VacA OipA, and urease were shown to imbalance the cellular homeostasis by altering the cell polarity. Similarly, EBV-associated genes LMP1, LMP2A, LMP2B, EBNA3C, and EBNA1 also contribute to altered cell asymmetry. This review summarized all the possible mechanisms involved in cell polarity deformation in H. pylori and EBV-infected epithelial cells. We have also discussed deregulated molecular pathways like NF-κB, TGF-β/SMAD, and β-catenin in H. pylori, EBV, and their coinfection that further modulate PAR, SCRIB, or CRB polarity complexes in epithelial cells.
- MeSH
- Helicobacter pylori * genetika MeSH
- infekce virem Epsteina-Barrové * mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori * mikrobiologie MeSH
- koinfekce * mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory žaludku * genetika mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- polarita buněk MeSH
- virové proteiny MeSH
- virus Epsteinův-Barrové genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Pacienti po transplantaci ledviny jsou v riziku různých infekčních komplikací a více než polovina z nich se v časném potransplantačním období s nějakou infekční komplikací setká. Přesto, že se z dlouhodobého pohledu riziko závažných infekčních komplikací v časném pooperačním období snížilo, zůstávají infekce v prvních 6 měsících nejčastější příčinou morbidity. V pozdějším období se objevují infekce, které postihují štěp ledviny a některé z nich se vyskytují pouze u pacientů v imunosupresi. Mezi klinicky nejvýznamnější a nejčastější nejvýznamnější patří polyomavirová nefropatie. Klíčová slova: polyomavirová nefropatie – transplantace ledviny – infekční komplikace
Immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients are at risk for a variety of infectious complications and more than half of them suffered from this complication in the early post-transplant period. Despite the fact that the long term risk of serious infectious complications in the early postoperative period decreased, remain the infection the most frequent cause of morbidity in the first 6 months after transplant. It is important to realize that the clinical manifestations of infection in the compromised host are variable and often atypical. In the later period, infections that affect the kidney graft become clinically important, and some of them occur only in immunosuppressed patients. Here we will discuss polyomavirus nephropathy which represents the most important and most frequent viral disease of renal allografts. Keywords: polyomavirus nephropathy – kidney transplantation – infectious complications
- Klíčová slova
- polyomavirová nefropatie, infekční komplikace,
- MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce patologie MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba škodlivé účinky MeSH
- infekce virem Epsteina-Barrové patologie MeSH
- intersticiální nefritida * diagnóza etiologie patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce * diagnóza patologie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- pyelonefritida patologie MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * MeSH
- virus BK izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: A proportion of the genetic variants involved in susceptibility to Hodgkin lymphoma differ by the tumor's Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status, particularly within the MHC region. METHODS: We have conducted an SNP imputation study of the MHC region, considering tumor EBV status in 1,200 classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) cases and 5,726 control subjects of European origin. Notable findings were genotyped in an independent study population of 468 cHL cases and 551 controls. RESULTS: We identified and subsequently replicated a novel association between a common genetic variant rs6457715 and cHL. Although strongly associated with EBV-positive cHL [OR, 2.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.83-2.97; P = 7 × 10(-12)], there was little evidence for association between rs6457715 and the EBV-negative subgroup of cHL (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.92-1.21), indicating that this association was specific to the EBV-positive subgroup (Phet < P = 10(-8)). Furthermore, the association was limited to EBV-positive cHL subgroups within mixed cell (MCHL) and nodular sclerosis subtypes (NSHL), suggesting that the association is independent of histologic subtype of cHL. CONCLUSIONS: rs6457715, located near the HLA-DPB1 gene, is associated with EBV-positive cHL and suggests this region as a novel susceptibility locus for cHL. IMPACT: This expands the number of genetic variants that are associated with cHL and provides additional evidence for a critical and specific role of EBV in the etiology of this disease.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- hlavní histokompatibilní komplex genetika MeSH
- Hodgkinova nemoc epidemiologie genetika patologie virologie MeSH
- infekce virem Epsteina-Barrové epidemiologie genetika patologie virologie MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské chromozomy, pár 6 * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Nizozemsko epidemiologie MeSH
- Skandinávie a severské státy epidemiologie MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether anti-herpesvirus antibodies are associated with serum cholesterol profiles in clinically isolated syndromes (CIS). METHODS: Pre-treatment serum samples from 118 high-risk CIS patients were analyzed for IgG antibodies against cytomegalovirus (anti-CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA) and EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1). A lipid profile consisting of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) was obtained. Clinical and MRI assessments were obtained at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months after start of interferon-beta treatment. RESULTS: The study included 118 CIS patients (77 females, 41 males, 65.3% female; mean age: 28.1+/-SD 8.1 years). Anti-EBV EBNA-1 antibody levels were associated with LDL-C (p=0.009) and TC (p=0.008) levels. Anti-CMV positivity status was associated with reduced time to relapse (p=0.006) and the greater number of relapses (p=0.009) in patients with high HDL-C. Anti-EBV VCA antibody levels were associated with greater number of new T2 lesions (p=0.002) and with increased brain atrophy (p<0.001) in patients with high LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that higher levels of anti-EBV EBNA-1 antibodies are associated with higher LDL-C and TC levels. Anti-CMV positive individuals have greater disease progression in the presence of higher HDL-C levels. Individuals with higher levels of anti-EBV VCA antibodies have greater progression on MRI measures in the presence of higher LDL-C.
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky * krev MeSH
- cholesterol * krev MeSH
- Cytomegalovirus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- demyelinizační nemoci * diagnóza krev virologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Herpesviridae * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- infekce virem Epsteina-Barrové * imunologie patologie virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- progrese nemoci * MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- virus Epsteinův-Barrové - jaderné antigeny krev MeSH
- virus Epsteinův-Barrové * imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- léčba onemocnění, klinický obraz,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hydroa vacciniforme etiologie patologie virologie MeSH
- infekce virem Epsteina-Barrové patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
