The purpose of the study was to evaluate predicted maturity offset (time before age at PHV) and age at PHV (chronological age [CA] minus maturity offset) in a longitudinal sample of 58 under-13 club level soccer players in central Portugal for whom ages at PHV were estimated with the SITAR model. Two maturity offset prediction equations were applied: the original equation which requires CA sitting height, estimated leg length, height and weight, and a modified equation which requires CA and height. Predicted maturity offset increased, on average, with CA at prediction throughout the age range considered, while variation in predicted maturity offset and ages at PHV within CA groups was considerably reduced compared to variation in observed ages at offset and at PHV. Predicted maturity offset and ages at PHV were consistently later than observed maturity offset and age at PHV among early maturing players, and earlier than observed in late maturing players. Both predicted offset and ages at PHV with the two equations were, on average, later than observed among players maturing on time. Intra-individual variation in predicted ages at PHV with each equation was considerable. The results for soccer players were consistent with similar studies in the general population and two recent longitudinal studies of soccer players. The results question the utility of predicted maturity offset and age at PHV as valid indicators of maturity timing and status.

• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fotbal fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pohlavní dospělost fyziologie   MeSH
• reologie MeSH
• sportovci * MeSH
• sportovní výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná výška fyziologie   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Portugalsko MeSH

Purpose: To determine normative data for gait speed and height-normalized gait speed in community-dwelling older men and women. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 565 men and women aged ≥60 years old. Age was calculated from the date of birth and further classified into four categories: (1) 60-65 years, (2) 66-70 years, (3) 71-75 years and (4) ≥76 years. Gait speed was assessed by a pressure platform (ZEBRIS, Munich, Germany) in meters per second (m/s). Height and weight were objectively measured. Height-normalized gait speed was calculated by dividing gait speed by height. We created the 20th, 40th, 60th and 80th percentile curves for both outcome measures using Cole's Lambda (L), Mu (M) and Sigma (S) method. Results: Mean gait speed and height-normalized gait speed was 1.24 (standard deviation 0.28) and 0.75 (0.17). Significant age-related decline in gait speed for both sexes was observed (p < 0.001). Being a woman (β = - 0.09, p < 0.001), being older (β = - 0.02, p < 0.001) and having higher body mass index values (β = - 0.02, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with slower gait speed. Conclusion: Gait speed significantly declines with age in both older men and women. Providing normative data can be used in screening and monitoring "slow" walkers to prevent from foot pain and higher risk of falls.

• MeSH
• chůze (způsob) fyziologie   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• rychlost chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• samostatný způsob života MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• tělesná výška fyziologie   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH

Height is one of the most sensitive indicators of well-being because it combines the external influences of nutrition, economic wealth, health care, social equality, and other important socio-economic factors. The aim of this ecological study was to compare actual values of male and female height from 152 populations (except sub-Saharan Africa) with the mean supply of 47 food items from the FAOSTAT database (1995-2013) and mean values of seven socio-economic indicators (1995-2013). This comparison shows that economic wealth at the country level is only a mediocre correlate of physical growth because it is only loosely associated with the quality of nutrition and it does not reflect the social distribution of wealth. In a multiple regression model, the best predictors of stature are protein sources of the best and worst quality, and total fertility (which critically influences the amount of resources expended per child). In summary, these findings indicate that irrespective of crude economic statistics, the choice of specific nutrient sources and small family size are crucial factors determining the optimal physical development of children. Based on our data, we also believe that current international dietary recommendations regarding protein intake and protein quality would deserve serious re-evaluation.

• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví * MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nutriční stav fyziologie   MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
• tělesná výška fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To describe the association between height, demographics, and treatment in youths with type 1 diabetes participating in an international network for pediatric diabetes centers (SWEET). METHODS: Data were collected from 55 centers with documented patients' height. All subjects below 20 years of age, diabetes duration >1 year, and without celiac disease were included. World Health Organization growth charts were used to calculate height and body mass index z-scores. Multiple hierarchic regression models adjusting for known confounders were applied. RESULTS: Data on 22 941 subjects (51.8% male) were analyzed with a median and interquartile range for age 14.8 years (11.2, 17.6), diabetes duration 5.6 years (3.1, 8.9), and height z-score 0.34 (-0.37, 1.03). Children were taller in the youngest age groups: adjusted height z-scores of 0.31 (±0.06) and 0.39 (±0.06), respectively; with shorter diabetes duration (<2 years: 0.36 [±0.06]; 2-<5 years: 0.34 [±0.06]; ≥5 years: 0.21 [±0.06]) and if they were pump users: 0.35 ± 0.05 vs 0.25 ± 0.05 (>three injections/day and 0.19 ± 0.06 [0-3 injections daily]), respectively. High hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and low to normal weight were associated with a lower height z-score. Trends were identical in all models except for gender. No gender differences were found except in the final height model where females exhibited higher z-score than males. CONCLUSION: For youths treated at centers offering modern diabetes management, major growth disturbances are virtually eliminated. For children with a young age at onset, high HbA1c, injections, and/or non-intensive diabetes, treatment still requires attention in order to attain normal growth.

• MeSH
• databáze faktografické MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• inzulinové infuzní systémy MeSH
• kooperační chování MeSH
• krevní glukóza účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• spolupráce organizací a občanů organizace a řízení   MeSH
• tělesná výška * účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• vývoj dítěte účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is prevalent in children on dialysis and accounts for almost 30% of all deaths. Randomised trials in adults suggest that haemodiafiltration (HDF) with high convection volumes is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality compared to high-flux haemodialysis (HD); however paediatric data are scarce. We designed the haemodiafiltration, heart and height (3H) study to test the hypothesis that children on HDF have an improved cardiovascular risk profile, growth and nutritional status and quality of life, compared to those on conventional HD. We performed a non-randomised parallel-arm intervention study within the International Paediatric Haemodialysis Network Registry comparing children on HDF and conventional HD to determine annualised change in cardiovascular end-points and growth. Here we present the 3H study design and baseline characteristics of the study population. METHODS: 190 children were screened and 177 (106 on HD and 71 on HDF) recruited from 28 centres in 10 countries. There was no difference in age, underlying diagnosis, comorbidities, previous dialysis therapy, dialysis vintage, residual renal function, type of vascular access or blood flow between HD and HDF groups. High flux dialysers were used in 63% of HD patients and ultra-pure water was available in 52%. HDF patients achieved a median convection volume of 13.3 L/m2; this was associated with the blood flow rate only ((p = 0.0004, r = 0.42) and independent of access type (p = 0.38). DISCUSSION: This is the largest study on dialysis outcomes in children that involves deep phenotyping across a wide range of cardiovascular, anthropometric, nutritional and health-related quality of life measures, to test the hypothesis that HDF leads to improved cardiovascular and growth outcomes compared to conventional HD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02063776 . The trial was prospectively registered on the 14 Feb 2014.

• MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin diagnóza   psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• dialýza ledvin metody   psychologie   trendy   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hemodiafiltrace metody   psychologie   trendy   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• kvalita života psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• srdce fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná výška fyziologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vývoj dítěte fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

AIM: To evaluate long-term quality of life and somatic growth of patients with gastroschisis and compare them with the general population. METHODS: We performed a questionnaire survey of the quality of life of our patients treated between 2004-2012. RESULTS: A questionnaire was sent to our 56 patients with gastroschisis, 38 mothers of patients (68%) responded to the questionnaire. 33 of 38 mothers claim that the quality of life of their child is very good, 4 of them responded that it is good. 1 mother confessed that the quality of life was very poor. Anthropometric data show comparable results with the standard population except for patients of 1 year of age who still have lower weight (P<0.001) and body height in the 5th percentile and patients of 3 years of age who are also significantly thinner. 13% of patients in our study group have gastrointestinal problems. 9 patients (24%) attend follow-up at the neurological center (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder n=6, mental retardation n=1, dysarthria n=2), however, overall intellectual abilities are within normal range. 7 patients underwent surgery for umbilical (n=3) or inguinal hernia (n=4), 2 patients were operated on for undescended testicles, 3 patients were operated on for an adhesive ileus. 92% of mothers are very satisfied with the cosmetic result of the scar. CONCLUSION: The study has shown that the majority of patients after operation of gastroschisis have a very good quality of life without limitation in comparison with the general population. The presented anthropometric data confirm that the development of patients with gastroschisis is favourable.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• gastroschiza psychologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná výška fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

ABSTRACT: Changes in body height throughout extended historic periods are very complex and dynamic processes. This pilot study aimed to investigate the pattern of longitudinal height z-scores changes in children before and after entering kindergarten. In summer 2016, we measured height and weight of 32 children from 4 groups of two kindergartens aged 3-6 years. All ages were centered according to the age of entry into the kindergarten. For each child we determined mean z-scores for height before and after entering the kindergarten, and assessed the variances for each kindergarten group. Twenty-two children targeted in height z-scores towards average height of their respective kindergarten group, 10 children did not. Due to the small numbers, the convergence in height variance however, remained insignificant (chi-squared independence test, p = 0.127). Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this pilot study.

• MeSH
• antropologie fyzická MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• studenti statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná výška fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

ABSTRACT: Background: Physical growth of children and adolescents depends on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors e.g. diet and living conditions. Aim: We aim to discuss the influence of socioeconomic situation, using income inequality and GDP per capita as indicators, on body height, body weight and the variability of height and weight in infants and juveniles. Material and methods: We re-analyzed data from 439 growth studies on height and weight published during the last 35 years. We added year- and country-matched GDP per capita (in current US$) and the Gini coefficient for each study. The data were divided into two age groups: infants (age 2) and juveniles (age 7). We used Pearson correlation and principal component analysis to investigate the data. Results: Gini coefficient negatively correlated with body height and body weight in infants and juveniles. GDP per capita showed a positive correlation with height and weight in both age groups. In infants the standard deviation of height increases with increasing Gini coefficient. The opposite is true for juveniles. A correlation of weight variability and socioeconomic indicators is absent in infants. In juveniles the variability of weight increases with declining Gini coefficient and increasing logGDP per capita. Discussion: Poverty and income inequality are generally associated with poor growth in height and weight. The analysis of the within-population height and weight variations however, shows that the associations between wealth, income, and anthropometric parameters are very complex and cannot be explained by common wisdom. They point towards an independent regulation of height and weight.

• MeSH
• antropologie fyzická MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• chudoba MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
• statistické modely * MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná výška fyziologie   MeSH
• vývoj dítěte fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIMS: The data on the valproic acid transplacental transfer and risk to the fetus of exposure, remain sparse and only a limited number of studies have reported umbilical cord blood levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maternal and umbilical cord serum levels were analyzed at delivery in a cohort of 58 women, between the years 1991 - 2013. The request forms for routine therapeutic drug monitoring were used as the data source. Maternal levels and dosing information were used for estimating the maternal apparent oral clearance and the paired umbilical cord and maternal levels for estimation of umbilical cord/maternal level ratios. RESULTS: The levels varied from 5.3 - 59.5 mg/L in maternal and 5.4 - 72.1 mg/L in umbilical cord serum. The umbilical cord/maternal level ratios ranged from 0.64 - 2.49. Significant correlation was found between maternal and umbilical cord levels. Significant inverse correlations were found between birth length, and both maternal and umbilical cord levels in monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: There were large individual variations in umbilical cord/maternal level ratios of valproic acid. Neonatal length and weight were inversely related to maternal and umbilical cord levels, but not to dose. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring in mothers is more useful than the given dose for the estimation of fetal exposure and minimization of the risk of fetal effects.

• MeSH
• antikonvulziva metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• epilepsie krev   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fetální krev metabolismus   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství krev   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• kyselina valproová metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná výška fyziologie   MeSH
• vedení porodu MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this study was to identify the most important variables determining current differences in physical stature in Europe and some of its overseas offshoots such as Australia, New Zealand and USA. We collected data on the height of young men from 45 countries and compared them with long-term averages of food consumption from the FAOSTAT database, various development indicators compiled by the World Bank and the CIA World Factbook, and frequencies of several genetic markers. Our analysis demonstrates that the most important factor explaining current differences in stature among nations of European origin is the level of nutrition, especially the ratio between the intake of high-quality proteins from milk products, pork meat and fish, and low-quality proteins from wheat. Possible genetic factors such as the distribution of Y haplogroup I-M170, combined frequencies of Y haplogroups I-M170 and R1b-U106, or the phenotypic distribution of lactose tolerance emerge as comparably important, but the available data are more limited. Moderately significant positive correlations were also found with GDP per capita, health expenditure and partly with the level of urbanization that influences male stature in Western Europe. In contrast, male height correlated inversely with children's mortality and social inequality (Gini index). These results could inspire social and nutritional guidelines that would lead to the optimization of physical growth in children and maximization of the genetic potential, both at the individual and national level.

• MeSH
• běloši MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• dětská úmrtnost MeSH
• dieta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetické markery MeSH
• genotyp * MeSH
• guanosindifosfát MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční stav * MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• tělesná výška genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
• výdaje na zdravotnictví MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH