This study aimed to assess the numbers of juvenile European hedgehogs admitted to rescue centers in the Czech Republic from the viewpoint of their weight on admission, the reason for their admission, and the success rate of their release back into the wild. The results of our study show varying levels of success in the rearing of hedgehogs admitted at different ages (weights) and a varying period required for their rehabilitation. The greatest chance of release was seen in hedgehogs with a weight on the admission of 500-599 g (64.22% released) and 400-499 g (63.31% released). In contrast, the smallest number of young hedgehogs successfully rehabilitated and released was seen in hoglets weighing 200-299 g (35.24% released) on admission, which corresponds to the weight of hedgehogs at the time of weaning. Time spent at a rescue center may pose an undesirable threat to the lives of animals in some categories. Hedgehogs weighing up to 99 g on admission spent the longest period time at rescue centers (a median of 48 days), while hedgehogs weighing 500-599 g on admission spent the shortest time (a median of 7 days). The majority of hedgehogs in the lowest weight categories were admitted due to their inability to survive on their own. A large percentage of hedgehogs of greater weight, in contrast, were juvenile hedgehogs brought to rescue centers needlessly. The percentage of released animals did not exceed 65%, however, even for entirely independent categories of older juveniles. From this perspective, the fact that hedgehogs are often brought to rescue centers in the belief that they are not self-sufficient young, though they are actually juvenile or even adult individuals that do not require human care, can be considered a significant finding.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• ježkovití anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• záchranná práce * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

RESEARCH QUESTION: How does the efficacy and safety of individualized follitropin delta dosing compare with conventional dosing for ovarian stimulation in potential high responders? DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 153 potential high responders identified on the basis of baseline serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels above 35 pmol/l, who were originally randomized to an individualized fixed dose of follitropin delta based on AMH and body weight (n = 78) or to a daily starting dose of 150 IU follitropin alfa (n = 75). RESULTS: At the end of stimulation, patients treated with individualized follitropin delta or conventional follitropin alfa had 12.1 ± 7.0 and 18.3 ± 7.0 (P < 0.001) follicles measuring 12 mm or wider, and 27.3% and 62.7% had serum progesterone levels higher than 3.18 nmol/l (P < 0.001), respectively. Overall number of oocytes in these two respective arms was 9.3 ± 6.7 and 17.9 ± 8.7 (P < 0.001), and the ongoing pregnancy rate per started cycle after fresh blastocyst transfer was 28.2% and 24.0%. The risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) for all cases was three times higher in the conventional follitropin alfa arm at 16.0% versus 5.1% with individualized follitropin delta treatment (P = 0.025) and 26.7% versus 7.7% (P = 0.001) for early moderate or severe OHSS, preventive interventions for early OHSS, or both. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with individualized follitropin delta provides an improved efficacy-safety balance in women with high ovarian reserve, as it normalizes the ovarian response and decreases the risk of OHSS without compromising the chance of pregnancy.

• MeSH
• antimülleriánský hormon krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro metody   MeSH
• folikuly stimulující hormon lidský aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• indukce ovulace škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ovariální hyperstimulační syndrom krev   etiologie   MeSH
• porodnost MeSH
• progesteron krev   MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• úhrn těhotenství na počet žen v reprodukčním věku MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity after retirement are likely to be caused by unhealthy eating habits and the energy intake exceeding the energy expenditure. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the effects of two 12-week interventions involving, respectively, either regular physical activity or a modified lower-calorie diet on the anthropometric parameters and blood lipid profiles in overweight and obese retired miners with lipid disorders. DESIGN: The study participants (n = 30, aged 58.7 ± 4.1 years, body height 174.8 ± 7.3 cm, body weight 96.6 ± 13.9 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 intervention groups: the Nordic walking group (NW), which exercised with intensity from 60 to 70% of participants' maximal heart rates for 1 h 3 times a week, and the modified diet group (MD). Modification of the diet consisted of reducing the daily energy intake by 30%, increasing the dietary content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber, and reducing the proportion of saturated fatty acids. The variables assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks were: anthropometric parameters (body weight, fat mass content [FM], fat percentage [BF], BMI, waist circumference [WC], hip circumference [HC], and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) and blood lipid indicators (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and high density lip-oprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]). RESULTS: The body weight of the participants in the NW was lower at week 12 by an average of 5 kg, BMI by 6%, FB by 19%, FM by 15%, WC by 8%, HC by 6%, and WHR by 3%. In the MD, the respective decreases were 8 kg and 8, 25, 20, 6, 2, and 7%. In the MD, the postintervention concentrations of TC and TG were within the reference range. CONCLUSION: Both 12-week interventions improved the anthropometric parameters and blood lipid profiles of retired heavy manual workers, with the improvements being more pronounced in the dieting group.

• MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• důchod * MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• nadváha krev   terapie   MeSH
• obezita krev   terapie   MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• poměr pasu a boků MeSH
• programy na snížení hmotnosti metody   MeSH
• redukční dieta * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
• těžba uhlí * MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH

• MeSH
• bariatrická chirurgie MeSH
• craving * fyziologie   MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• podmiňování (psychologie) * fyziologie   MeSH
• preference v jídle * fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND & AIMS: To update the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to summarize the evidence for the effect of vegetarian dietary patterns on glycemic control and other established cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with diabetes. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through February 26, 2018 for randomized controlled trials ≥3 weeks assessing the effect of vegetarian dietary patterns in individuals with diabetes. The primary outcome was HbA1c. Secondary outcomes included other markers of glycemic control, blood lipids, body weight/adiposity, and blood pressure. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic). The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS: Nine trials (n = 664 participants) met the eligibility criteria. Vegetarian dietary patterns significantly lowered HbA1c (MD = -0.29% [95% CI: -0.45, -0.12%]), fasting glucose (MD = -0.56 mmol/L [95% CI: -0.99, -0.13 mmol/L]), LDL-C (MD = -0.12 mmol/L [95% CI: -0.20, -0.04 mmol/L]), non-HDL-C (MD = -0.13 mmol/L [95% CI: -0.26, -0.01 mmol/L]), body weight (MD = -2.15 kg [95% CI: -2.95, -1.34 kg]), BMI (MD = -0.74 kg/m2 [95% CI: -1.09, -0.39 kg/m2]) and waist circumference (MD = -2.86 cm [95% CI: -3.76, -1.96 cm]). There was no significant effect on fasting insulin, HDL-C, triglycerides or blood pressure. The overall certainty of evidence was moderate but was low for fasting insulin, triglycerides and waist circumference. CONCLUSION: Vegetarian dietary patterns improve glycemic control, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and body weight/adiposity in individuals with diabetes, supporting their inclusion for diabetes management. More research is needed to improve our confidence in the estimates. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02600377.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus * epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The evidence for liquid meal replacements in diabetes has not been summarized. Our objective was to synthesize the evidence of the effect of liquid meal replacements on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library through 10 December 2018. We included randomized trials of ≥2 weeks assessing the effect of liquid meal replacements in weight loss diets compared with traditional weight loss diets on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method. The overall certainty of the evidence was evaluated using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). RESULTS: Nine trial comparisons (N = 961 [median follow-up 24 weeks]) met eligibility criteria. Mean differences were for body weight -2.37 kg (95% CI -3.30 to -1.44), BMI -0.87 kg/m2 (-1.31 to -0.42), body fat -1.66% (-2.17 to -1.15), waist circumference -2.24 cm (-3.72 to -0.77), HbA1c -0.43% (-0.66 to -0.19) (-4.7 mmol/mol [-7.2 to -2.1]), fasting glucose -0.63 mmol/L (-0.99 to -0.27), fasting insulin -11.83 pmol/L (-23.11 to -0.54), systolic blood pressure -4.97mmHg (-7.32 to -2.62), and diastolic blood pressure -1.98 mmHg (-3.05 to -0.91). There was no effect on blood lipids. The overall certainty of the evidence was low to moderate owing to imprecision and/or inconsistency. CONCLUSIONS: Liquid meal replacements in weight loss diets lead to modest reductions in body weight, BMI, and systolic blood pressure, and reductions of marginal clinical significance in body fat, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and diastolic blood pressure. More high-quality trials are needed to improve the certainty in our estimates.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu komplikace   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• diabetické angiopatie epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inzulin krev   MeSH
• jídla * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha komplikace   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• obezita komplikace   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• omezení příjmu potravy fyziologie   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• redukční dieta * škodlivé účinky   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Induction of cellular cerebral edema (CE) was achieved by a standard method of water intoxication which consisted of fractionated intraperitoneal administration of distilled water (DW) together with the injection of desmopressin (DP). Using metabolic cage, fluid and food balance was studied in two groups of eight animals: group C - control; group CE - cellular edema induced by water intoxication. For each rat the intake (food pellets and water) and excretion (solid excrements and urine) were recorded for 48 h together with the initial and final body weight. CE animals consumed significantly less food, drank less water and eliminated the smallest amount of excrements. The induction of cellular cerebral edema was accompanied with a significant loss of body weight (representing on average 13 % of the initial values) mainly due to a reduction of food intake. This phenomenon has not yet been reported.

• MeSH
• antidiuretika toxicita   MeSH
• desmopresin toxicita   MeSH
• edém mozku chemicky indukované   metabolismus   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• intoxikace vodou chemicky indukované   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the cross-sectional study was to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in the group of medical students with gender, overweight and obesity categorisation. METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 364 medical students, 207 females and 157 males. We investigated anthropometric parameters, BMI, body fat percentage, WHR (waist-hip ratio), TCH (total cholesterol) and LDL-CH (LDL-cholesterol), SBP and DBP (systolic and diastolic blood pressure). The participants also completed questionnaires with socio-demographic characteristic, including smoking, unhealthy eating, self-perceived health, and physical activity status. Statistical analysis used t-test differences in arithmetic means and OR calculation with 95% CI. RESULTS: Prevalence of increased blood pressure (> SBP/DBP 120/80 mmHg) among participants was 10.99% (SBP) and 9.07% (DBP). The results confirmed risk of "overweight + obesity" in 15.38% (using BMI evaluation) versus 18.54% cases (using body fat percentage evaluation). The results of the study confirmed statistically higher risk for males compared to females in the following parameters: SBP, DBP, BMI, body fat percentage, self-perceived health, unhealthy eating and body weight watching. "Overweight and obesity" group (BMI evaluation) confirmed all factors on statistically significant level a risky group: SBP, DBP, body fat percentage, TCH, self-perceived health, smoking, stress at university, and body weight watching. The outputs confirmed, on the other hand, low amount of clinical obesity (0.8%), clinical hypertension (BP > 140/90) 1.1%, and clinically higher cholesterol level (TCH > 5.2 mmol/l) in 8.7% participants. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed higher prevalence or cardiovascular risk factors among males. Also, group of "overweight and obese" students had higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors. Border limits for risk evaluation were strong, so on clinical level we can evaluate the group of medical students as healthy. In the group of young medical students, we confirmed lower frequency of risk factors compared to the Slovak population average.

• MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studenti lékařství statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná konstituce fyziologie   MeSH
• životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Recent investigations have evaluated the influence of body composition on long bones in order to overcome the limits of body mass (BM) estimation methods and eventually lead to studying nutrition in past populations. Knowing how fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) impact the skeleton would also enhance the understanding of mobility, activity, and locomotion derived from bone architecture. We investigated the relationship between BM and composition, and the architecture of the entire tibial and femoral diaphyses in an adult sample representative of a wide range of variation in age, BM, and composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Body composition was measured directly from 78 whole-body CT scans for which the age, sex, BM, and stature were recorded. The entire diaphyseal thickness, volume, curvature, and cross-sectional geometry parameters of both the femur and tibia were numerically extracted. RESULTS: FM correlates with large portions of the femoral thickness in females only. FFM correlates with the femoral diaphysis in males but not in females. FFM correlates with the tibia architecture in both sexes, while FM is correlated in males exclusively. DISCUSSION: BM and body components influence the architecture of the diaphysis of lower limb long bones in sex-specific patterns that are mostly reflected in their thickness and can be recorded, in some cases, for their strength, rigidity, and volume. Our results suggest that (1) long bone diaphyses should be thoroughly studied, as a whole, when possible; and (2) BM and body components should be accounted for when deriving activity, mobility, or locomotion patterns from cortical bone.

• MeSH
• anatomie průřezová MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• femur anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• kortikální kost anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• složení těla fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• tibie anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The unique foot morphology and distinctive functions facilitate complex tasks and strategies such as standing, walking, and running. In those weight-bearing activities, postural stability (PS) plays an important role. Correlations among foot type, PS, and other musculoskeletal problems that increase sport injury risk are known. However, long-term associations among the foot type, the PS, and body weight (BW) distribution are lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to longitudinally identify changes in foot morphology, PS, and symmetry in BW distribution during adolescence among elite male soccer players. METHODS: Thirty-five Czech elite male soccer players (age, 15.49 ± 0.61 years; BW, 64.11 ± 6.16 kg; body height, 174.62 ± 5.71 cm) underwent foot type, PS, and BW distribution measurements during 3 consecutive years (T1, T2, T3). The Chippaux-Smirak index (CSI), BW distribution, and centre of pressure (COP) displacement (total traveled way [TTW]) of each player for the preferred (PL) and non-preferred leg (NL) were acquired. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA), Bonferroni´s post hoc tests, and partial eta-squared (ηp2) coefficient were used for investigating the effect of time on selected variables and effect size evaluation. RESULTS: Statistically significant effect of time on CSI values (PL: F2,68 = 5.08, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.13 and NL: F2,68 = 10.87, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.24) and COP displacement values (PL: F2,68 = 5.07, p <0.01, ηp2 = 0.13; NL: F2,68 = 3.53, p <0.05, ηp2 = 0.09) for both legs over 3-years period was identified. Furthermore, the Bonferroni´s post hoc analysis revealed a significant improvement of PS values in the PL (TTWT1 = 1617.11 ± 520.22 mm vs. TTWT2 = 1405.29 ± 462.76, p < 0.05; and between TTWT1 = 1617.11 ± 520.22 mm vs. TTWT3 = 1370.46 ± 373.94, p < 0.05). Only BW distribution parameter showed no significant differences, although slightly improved over time. CONCLUSIONS: We observed changes in foot typology, PS, and BW distribution in young elite male soccer players during 3 consecutive years. Results demonstrated that changes in PS and body weight distribution under the high-load sport conditions during adolescence may improve with aging, except for foot morphology. Therefore, foot morphology should be carefully monitored to minimize sport injury risk in professional young soccer players during adolescence. Further research is necessary to determine more clear associations between these parameters, soccer-related injuries, and sport performances.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• fotbal zranění   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• noha (od hlezna dolů) anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• plochá noha patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• posturální rovnováha fyziologie   MeSH
• somatotypy fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH