Chickens in commercial production are subjected to constant interaction with their environment, including the exchange of microbiota. In this review, we therefore focused on microbiota composition in different niches along the whole line of chicken production. We included a comparison of microbiota of intact eggshells, eggshell waste from hatcheries, bedding, drinking water, feed, litter, poultry house air and chicken skin, trachea, crop, small intestine, and cecum. Such a comparison showed the most frequent interactions and allowed for the identification of microbiota members that are the most characteristic for each type of sample as well as those that are the most widespread in chicken production. Not surprisingly, Escherichia coli was the most widely distributed species in chicken production, although its dominance was in the external aerobic environment and not in the intestinal tract. Other broadly distributed species included Ruminococcus torque, Clostridium disporicum, and different Lactobacillus species. The consequence and meaning of these and other observations are evaluated and discussed.
- MeSH
- cékum MeSH
- drůbež MeSH
- Escherichia coli MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže * MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The efficacy of the OSOM Trichomonas Rapid Test (developed for rapid diagnosis of human Trichomonas vaginalis) in detection of Trichomonas spp. in pigeons (Columba livia) was investigated. Two oral cavity swabs were taken from 50 farm pigeons. Cultivation in Diamond Trichomonas medium was used as a reference method. According to a morphological determination, Trichomonas gallinae was the only protozoan found; however, no further molecular analysis was conducted. The OSOM Trichomonas test was positive in 39 oral swabs. In comparison with the cultivation method three samples were identified as false negative and one as false positive. Test specificity and sensitivity were established as 93% and 90%, respectively. Using Cohen's Kappa, the concordance between the two testing methods was found to be strong (kappa = 0.7506, 95% CI = 0.5162-0.9850). The OSOM Trichomonas test is not able to distinguish between Trichomonas species; however, results suggest that the test is suitable for the rapid detection of Trichomonas spp. infection in pigeons.
- MeSH
- chromatografie afinitní metody veterinární MeSH
- Columbidae * MeSH
- nemoci ptáků diagnóza parazitologie MeSH
- Trichomonas izolace a purifikace MeSH
- trichomoniáza diagnóza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
We report a case of a falcon breeding facility, where raptors (both diurnal and nocturnal) were raised in contact with domestic fowl (Gallus gallus f. domesticus) infected by Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. Fecal and environmental samples from 20 raptors and four common ravens (Corvus corax) were collected. Mycobacterium a. avium DNA was detected in feces of four raptors (bald eagle [Haliaeetus leucocephalus], eagle owl [Bubo bubo], barn owl [Tyto alba], and little owl [Athene noctua]) using triplex quantitative real-time PCR. As both the flock of domestic fowl and one of the infected raptors had the same origin (zoological collection), they might have had a common source of colonization/infection. However, the detection of M. a. avium in feces of three other raptors may point at transmission of the agent between the birds in the facility. Contact of raptors with domestic fowl infected by M. a. avium may pose a risk for transmission of the infection for them; however, raptors from the falcon breeding facility seemed to be relatively resistant to the infection.
- MeSH
- Accipitridae * MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- játra mikrobiologie MeSH
- kur domácí * MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- ptačí proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- ptačí tuberkulóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika metabolismus MeSH
- slezina mikrobiologie MeSH
- střeva mikrobiologie MeSH
- Stringiformes * MeSH
- vrány MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
An outbreak of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection was diagnosed in one breed of domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) in the Czech Republic. Nodular granulomatous lesions were found in 42 (9.7%) pigeons of the 435 examined; histopathologic examination of livers with gross lesions of mycobacteriosis from 15 randomly selected pigeons revealed granulomatous inflammation typical for avian mycobacteriosis in all samples. Direct Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and conventional culture were performed for a total of 117 liver samples (42 pigeons with nodular lesions, 55 randomly selected pigeons without nodular lesions, and 20 randomly selected squabs). Acid-fast bacilli were observed in 19 (16.2%), and conventional culture yielded growth of M. a. avium in 40 (34.2%) liver samples. A triplex quantitative real-time PCR assay based on the IS901 detection system was performed successfully in 115 liver samples and revealed M. a. avium in 63 (54.8%) of them. Mycobacterium a. avium was also detected in two squabs. Eight domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domestica) living in the breeding facility were also examined. Pyogranulomatous lesions were only found in one adult male rabbit. At necropsy, both direct ZN microscopy and culture gave negative results for mycobacteria in all examined rabbit tissues. Mycobacterium a. avium was diagnosed in a liver sample of one juvenile rabbit using triplex qPCR, suggesting that M. a. avium infection can occur as early as juvenile animals.
- MeSH
- Columbidae MeSH
- játra patologie virologie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci jater veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie patologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- ptačí tuberkulóza epidemiologie virologie MeSH
- tuberkulóza epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
In winter 2003-04, large numbers of budgerigars (Mellopsitacus undulatus) and cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) fell ill and died in a large parrot-breeding aviary in Slovakia. In budgerigars, the disease outbreak occurred at the age of 2-3 weeks; cockatiels died within their first 7 days of life. In budgerigars, symptoms of the disease included delayed growth, tremor, darkish discoloration of skin, quill bleeding, and feathering defects. cockatiels often died without any symptoms and with a full crop; feathering defects occurred sporadically. Electron microscopy with negative staining of aqueous lysates of the affected skin and of bleeding quills showed isolated or clustered polyomavirus particles 45-50 nm in size. Long filamentous forms of the virus were also found in virion clusters of skin lysates from the budgerigars. In ultrathin sections through the pathologically altered skin tissue of budgerigars, virus particles were present in both nuclei and cytoplasm of epidermal cells, often in crystalline form. In infected cells, enlarged nuclei showed an extensive chromatin margination. On the DNA level, presence of a polyomavirus infection was conclusively proved by the polymerase chain reaction using avian polyomavirus (APV)-specific primers. A sequence analysis of the gene encoding viral protein (VP)1 and of the combined region for VP2 and VP3 proteins revealed a previously undescribed synonymous mutation in this isolate. This report extended the knowledge of the area of APV occurrence and of the spectrum of hosts in the context of genomic and morphologic variability of APV isolates.
- MeSH
- DNA virů genetika MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby veterinární MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- infekce onkogenními viry veterinární virologie MeSH
- kakaduové virologie MeSH
- Melopsittacus virologie MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie virologie MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce veterinární virologie MeSH
- Polyomavirus genetika izolace a purifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
