Alginate lyases have countless potential for application in industries and medicine particularly as an appealing biocatalyst for the production of biofuels and bioactive oligosaccharides. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) allows improved production of enzymes and consumes less energy compared to submerged fermentation. Seaweeds can serve as the most promising biomass for the production of biochemicals. Alginate present in the seaweed can be used by alginate lyase-producing bacteria to support growth and can secrete alginate lyase. In this perspective, the current study was directed on the bioprocessing of brown seaweeds for the production of alginate lyase using marine bacterial isolate. A novel alginate-degrading marine bacterium Enterobacter tabaci RAU2C which was previously isolated in the laboratory was used for the production of alginate lyase using Sargassum swartzii as a low-cost solid substrate. Process parameters such as inoculum incubation period and moisture content were optimized for alginate lyase production. SSF resulted in 33.56 U/mL of alginate lyase under the static condition maintained with 75% moisture after 4 days. Further, the effect of different buffers, pH, and temperature on alginate lyase activity was also analyzed. An increase in alginate lyase activity was observed with an increase in moisture content from 60 to 75%. Maximum enzyme activity was perceived with phosphate buffer at pH 7 and 37 °C. Further, the residual biomass after SSF could be employed as biofertilizer for plant growth promotion based on the preliminary analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report stating the usage of seaweed biomass as a substrate for the production of alginate lyase using solid-state fermentation.
- MeSH
- algináty * metabolismus MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- Enterobacter * metabolismus enzymologie izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- fermentace * MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kyselina glukuronová metabolismus MeSH
- mořské řasy * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Phaeophyceae mikrobiologie MeSH
- polysacharid-lyasy * metabolismus MeSH
- Sargassum * mikrobiologie metabolismus MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Marine macroalgae have a very high carbohydrate content due to complex algal polysaccharides (APS) like agar, alginate, and ulvan in their cell wall. Despite numerous reports on their biomedical properties, their hydrocolloid nature limits their applications. Algal oligosaccharides (AOS), which are hydrolyzed forms of complex APS, are gaining importance due to their low molecular weight, biocompatibility, bioactivities, safety, and solubility in water that makes it a lucrative alternative. The AOS produced through enzymatic hydrolysis using microbial enzymes have far-reaching applications because of its stereospecific nature. Identification and characterization of novel microorganisms producing APS hydrolyzing enzymes are the major bottlenecks for the efficient production of AOS. This review will discuss the marine microbial enzymes identified for AOS production and the bioactive potential of enzymatically produced AOS. This can improve our understanding of the biotechnological potential of microbial enzymes for the production of AOS and facilitate the sustainable utilization of algal biomass. Enzymatically produced AOS are shown to have bioactivities such as antioxidant, antiglycemic, prebiotic, immunomodulation, antiobesity or antihypercholesterolemia, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity. The myriad of health benefits provided by the AOS is the need of the hour as there is an alarming increase in physiological disorders among a wide range of the global population.
- MeSH
- algináty MeSH
- mořské řasy * MeSH
- oligosacharidy * MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- prebiotika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Tuberculosis is a dreaded disease, which causes innumerable death worldwide. The emergence of drug resistance strains makes the situation devastating. Therefore, for better management of public health, it is mandatory to search for new anti-mycobacterial agents. In this context, the current study investigated two edible marine algae, Ulva lactuca and Ulva intestinalis, for the probable source of new anti-mycobacterial agents. To test the anti-mycobacterial activity, alcoholic extracts of these two algae were spotted on the Mycobacterium smegmatis lawn. Upon incubation, clear zone was observed at the spots. It indicated that these two extracts have anti-mycobacterial activity. In addition, their anti-biofilm property was also tested. It was found that both the extracts inhibit the mycobacterial biofilm development as well as they can disperse the preformed mycobacterial biofilm. Since these two are capable of dispersing preformed mycobacterial biofilm, it is possible that in the presence of either of these two extracts, isoniazid and rifampicin can kill biofilm encapsulated mycobacterium in combinatorial therapy. Consistent with the hypothesis, rifampicin and isoniazid killed mycobacteria that were present in biofilm. Thus, these two extracts augment the activity of rifampicin and isoniazid upon biofilm dispersal. Moreover, treatment of different cell lines with these two extracts exhibited no or little cytotoxic effects. Thus, these two agents have the potential to be good therapeutic agents against mycobacterial diseases.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- isoniazid farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mořské řasy chemie MeSH
- Mycobacterium smegmatis účinky léků MeSH
- rifampin farmakologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- Ulva chemie MeSH
- viabilita buněk MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The identification of compounds which protect the double-membrane of mitochondrial organelles from disruption by toxic confomers of amyloid proteins may offer a therapeutic strategy to combat human neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we exploited an extract from the marine brown seaweed Padina pavonica (PPE) as a vital source of natural bioactive compounds to protect mitochondrial membranes against insult by oligomeric aggregates of the amyloidogenic proteins amyloid-β (Aβ), α-synuclein (α-syn) and tau, which are currently considered to be major targets for drug discovery in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We show that PPE manifested a significant inhibitory effect against swelling of isolated mitochondria exposed to the amyloid oligomers, and attenuated the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Using cardiolipin-enriched synthetic lipid membranes, we also show that dye leakage from fluorophore-loaded vesicles and formation of channel-like pores in planar bilayer membranes are largely prevented by incubating the oligomeric aggregates with PPE. Lastly, we demonstrate that PPE curtails the ability of Aβ42 and α-syn monomers to self-assemble into larger β-aggregate structures, as well as potently disrupts their respective amyloid fibrils. In conclusion, the mito-protective and anti-aggregator biological activities of Padina pavonica extract may be of therapeutic value in neurodegenerative proteinopathies, such as AD and PD.
- MeSH
- alfa-synuklein metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- amyloidní beta-protein metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidové dvojvrstvy chemie MeSH
- mitochondriální membrány účinky léků patologie MeSH
- mořské řasy chemie MeSH
- neuroprotektivní látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- peptidové fragmenty metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- permeabilita buněčné membrány účinky léků MeSH
- Phaeophyceae chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The implementation of agronomic activities, based on the use of biostimulants, is an important element of agroecological practices. Therefore, comprehensive research was carried on the use of biostimulants. A field experiment was performed in 2016-2018 with common bean of Mexican Black cultivar. In particular growing seasons, bean plants were treated with Kelpak SL (seaweed extracts) and Terra Sorb Complex (free amino acids) in the form of single and double spraying with two solutions concentrations. According to the obtained data, application of biostimulants increased the yield of bean. Better results were observed after the use of Kelpak SL. The application of preparations influenced nutritional and nutraceutical quality of bean seeds. Terra Sorb Complex caused the highest increase in proteins level. In the light of achieved data, biostimulants in similar level decreased the starch accumulation. The most promising results, in the context of nutraceutical value of bean, were obtained in the case of increasing level of fiber. A positive impact of biostimulants on the seeds antioxidant potential was noted, expressed by the increased synthesis of phenolics, flavonoid, anthocyanins and antioxidant activities. Results of this study, directly indicate economic benefits from the use of biostimulants, which are extremely important to the farmers.
Biomass feedstock is an efficient and harmless source of energy. There are various sources of feedstock, such as plant, microbial, macro, and microalgae, and agricultural waste. The major component in biomass feedstock material is a polysaccharide, such as cellulose, cellobiose, starch, and alginate. Alginate is mainly found in macroalgae as one of the significant polysaccharide components. It is made up of β-d-mannuronate (M) and α-l-guluronate (G) blocks. Alginate lyase is an enzyme that degrades alginate by breaking the glycosidic linkage between the poly M and G blocks to liberate oligosaccharides. Several organisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and algae can produce alginate lyases. The species of bacteria, such as Bacillus, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, and Microbulbifer, are some of the important sources of alginate lyases. They are industrially essential enzymes used in food, biofuel, and biomedical industries. There are various assays available to determine the alginate lyase activity qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Qualitatively, different dyes like Gram's iodine, cetyl pyridinium chloride, and rutanium red can be used to visualize the zone formed due to the alginate lyase activity. DNS assay, UV absorption, and the Somogyi-Nelson method help to determine the alginate lyase activity quantitatively. Since the alginate lyase production in the native organisms is relatively lower, the genes encoding alginate lyases are heterologously cloned and expressed in E. coli to maximize the production and to characterize the enzyme. Different chromatographic techniques like size exclusion, affinity, gel permeation, and ion-exchange chromatography are used to purify the protein. In this paper, the source of alginate and alginate lyases, the mechanism of action of the enzyme, the engineering approaches to enhance the enzyme production, its purification strategy, and the potential applications of alginate lyases has been discussed.
- MeSH
- algináty chemie MeSH
- Bacteria metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- biotechnologie * MeSH
- genetické inženýrství * MeSH
- houby metabolismus MeSH
- metagenom MeSH
- mořské řasy metabolismus MeSH
- polysacharid-lyasy chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- substrátová specifita MeSH
- viry MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Seaweeds have been exploited as both food products and therapeutics to manage human ailments for centuries. This study investigated the metabolite profile of five seaweeds (Halimeda spp., Spyridia hypnoides (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Papenfuss, Valoniopsis pachynema (G. Martens) Børgesen, Gracilaria fergusonii J. Agardh and Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Furthermore, these seaweeds were assessed for antioxidant and inhibitory effects against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE), butyryl-cholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase. Valoniopsis pachynema and A. anceps yielded the highest flavonoid (4.30 ± 0.29 mg RE/g) and phenolic content (7.83 ± 0.08 mg RE/g), respectively. Additionally, A. anceps exhibited significant antioxidant properties with all assays and significantly depressed BChE (IC50 = 6.68 ± 0.83 mg/mL) and α-amylase activities (IC50 = 5.34 ± 0.14 mg/mL). Interestingly, the five seaweeds revealed potent inhibitory effects against tyrosinase activity. In conclusion, A. anceps might be considered as a key source of phytoantioxidants and a potential candidate to develop nutritional supplements. Besides, the five tested seaweeds warrant further study and may be exploited as promising natural sources for managing hyperpigmentation.
The Neoproterozoic Era records the transition from a largely bacterial to a predominantly eukaryotic phototrophic world, creating the foundation for the complex benthic ecosystems that have sustained Metazoa from the Ediacaran Period onward. This study focuses on the evolutionary origins of green seaweeds, which play an important ecological role in the benthos of modern sunlit oceans and likely played a crucial part in the evolution of early animals by structuring benthic habitats and providing novel niches. By applying a phylogenomic approach, we resolve deep relationships of the core Chlorophyta (Ulvophyceae or green seaweeds, and freshwater or terrestrial Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae) and unveil a rapid radiation of Chlorophyceae and the principal lineages of the Ulvophyceae late in the Neoproterozoic Era. Our time-calibrated tree points to an origin and early diversification of green seaweeds in the late Tonian and Cryogenian periods, an interval marked by two global glaciations with strong consequent changes in the amount of available marine benthic habitat. We hypothesize that unicellular and simple multicellular ancestors of green seaweeds survived these extreme climate events in isolated refugia, and diversified in benthic environments that became increasingly available as ice retreated. An increased supply of nutrients and biotic interactions, such as grazing pressure, likely triggered the independent evolution of macroscopic growth via different strategies, including true multicellularity, and multiple types of giant-celled forms.
The effects of the short-term application of Ascophyllum nodosum-fermented seaweed fertilizer on the bacterial community, soil nitrogen contents, and plant growth in maize rhizosphere soil were evaluated. The changes in the bacterial community composition and nitrogen contents including those of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) in rhizosphere soils in response to treatment with seaweed fertilizer were determined. Furthermore, soil enzymatic activity and crop biomass were analyzed. The relative abundance of the dominant phyla varied regularly with fertilization, and bacterial α-diversity was apparently influenced by seaweed fertilizer amendment. The TN contents of all soil samples decreased gradually, and the NO3--N and NH4+-N contents of the soils treated with seaweed fertilizer were much higher than those of the control soils. Similarly, the enzymatic activities of dehydrogenase, nitrite reductase, urease, and cellulase in the soil were significantly increased on day 3, day 8, and day 13 after the application of seaweed fertilizer to the maize rhizosphere soil. However, there was no difference in the activity of soil sucrase between the treatment group and the control group. In this study, the growth of maize seedlings was confirmed to be greatly promoted by the utilization of seaweed fertilizer. These results deepen our understanding of plant-microbe interactions in agroecosystems and should benefit the wide use of seaweed fertilizer in sustainable agricultural production.
- MeSH
- Ascophyllum chemie MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- dusík analýza MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- kukuřice setá růst a vývoj mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- mořské řasy chemie MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva analýza MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- rhizosféra * MeSH
- vývoj rostlin MeSH
- zemědělství metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
