risk factors Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- koronární nemoc prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- programy řízené péče MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
BACKGROUND: Up-to-date estimates of stroke burden and attributable risks and their trends at global, regional, and national levels are essential for evidence-based health care, prevention, and resource allocation planning. We aimed to provide such estimates for the period 1990-2021. METHODS: We estimated incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 people per year for overall stroke, ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We also calculated burden of stroke attributable to 23 risk factors and six risk clusters (air pollution, tobacco smoking, behavioural, dietary, environmental, and metabolic risks) at the global and regional levels (21 GBD regions and Socio-demographic Index [SDI] quintiles), using the standard GBD methodology. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. FINDINGS: In 2021, stroke was the third most common GBD level 3 cause of death (7·3 million [95% UI 6·6-7·8] deaths; 10·7% [9·8-11·3] of all deaths) after ischaemic heart disease and COVID-19, and the fourth most common cause of DALYs (160·5 million [147·8-171·6] DALYs; 5·6% [5·0-6·1] of all DALYs). In 2021, there were 93·8 million (89·0-99·3) prevalent and 11·9 million (10·7-13·2) incident strokes. We found disparities in stroke burden and risk factors by GBD region, country or territory, and SDI, as well as a stagnation in the reduction of incidence from 2015 onwards, and even some increases in the stroke incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY rates in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania, countries with lower SDI, and people younger than 70 years. Globally, ischaemic stroke constituted 65·3% (62·4-67·7), intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 28·8% (28·3-28·8), and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 5·8% (5·7-6·0) of incident strokes. There were substantial increases in DALYs attributable to high BMI (88·2% [53·4-117·7]), high ambient temperature (72·4% [51·1 to 179·5]), high fasting plasma glucose (32·1% [26·7-38·1]), diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages (23·4% [12·7-35·7]), low physical activity (11·3% [1·8-34·9]), high systolic blood pressure (6·7% [2·5-11·6]), lead exposure (6·5% [4·5-11·2]), and diet low in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (5·3% [0·5-10·5]). INTERPRETATION: Stroke burden has increased from 1990 to 2021, and the contribution of several risk factors has also increased. Effective, accessible, and affordable measures to improve stroke surveillance, prevention (with the emphasis on blood pressure, lifestyle, and environmental factors), acute care, and rehabilitation need to be urgently implemented across all countries to reduce stroke burden. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
- MeSH
- celosvětové zdraví * MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda * epidemiologie MeSH
- globální zátěž nemocemi * MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kvalitativně upravené roky života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počet let života s onemocněním MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ateroskleróza je hlavním etiopatogenetickým podkladem kardiovaskulárních onemocnění a vý- znamně se tak podílí na mortalitě a morbiditě současné populace v civilizovaných zemích. Jde o chronický zánětlivý proces, který dle současné klasifikace probíhá v šesti stadiích: lipoidní proužky, zmnožení hladkého svalstva v intimě, preaterom, aterom, fibroaterom, komplikovaná léze. Některé rizikové faktory jsou neovlivnitelné, jiné lze příznivě ovlivnit změnou životního stylu či medikamentózně. Základem v terapii aterosklerózy a jejích následků je prevence a zodpovědný přístup jedince k vlastnímu zdraví. Především vhodnou skladbou potravy, elimi- nací kouření a dostatečnou fyzickou aktivitou lze snížit náklady na farmakoterapii a invazivní angiologické zákroky.
Atherosclerosis is the main etiopatogenetic basis of cardiovascular diseases and participates thus in a significant way in the mortality and morbidity of the contemporary population civilized countries. A chronic inflammatory process is involved which according to the contem- porary classification develops in six stages: lipoid strips, proliferation of smooth muscles in the intima, preatheroma, atheroma, fibroatheroma, complicated lesion. Some risk factors cannot be influenced, others can be favourably influenced by lifestyle changes of medicamentous treatment. The basis of treatment of atherosclerosis and its sequelae is prevention and a responsible approach of the individual subject to his health. By a suitable composition of the diet, elimination of smoking and physical activity the costs on pharmacotherapy and invasive angiological operations can be reduced.
- MeSH
- ateroskleróza etiologie patofyziologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- cévní endotel patofyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- homocystein krev škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- primární prevence MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- tunica intima patofyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
