From beginning to today, pHealth has been a data driven service that collects and uses personal health information (PHI) for personal health services and personalized healthcare. As a result, pHealth services use intensively ICT technology, sensors, computers and mathematical algorithms. In past, pHealth applications were focused to certain health or sickness related problem, but in today they use mobile devices, wireless networks, Web-technology and Cloud platforms. In future, pHealth uses information systems that are highly distributed, dynamic, increasingly autonomous, multi-stakeholder data driven eco-system having ability to monitor anywhere person's regular life, movements and health related behaviours. Because privacy and trust are pre-requirements for successful pHealth, this development raises huge privacy and trust challenges to be solved. Researchers have shown that current privacy approaches and solutions used in pHealth do not offer acceptable level of privacy, and trust is only an illusion. This indicates, that today's privacy models and technology shall not be moved to the future pHealth. The authors have analysed interesting new privacy and trust ideas published in journals, and found that they seem to be effective but offer only a partial solution. To solve this weakness, the authors used a holistic system view to aspects impacting privacy and trust in pHealth, and created a template that can be used in planning and development future pHealth services. The authors also propose a tentative solution for future trustworthy pHealth. It combines privacy as personal property and trust as legal binding fiducial duty approaches, and uses a Blockchain-based smart contract solution to store person's privacy and trust requirements and service providers' promises.
- Klíčová slova
- Fiducial Duty, Privacy, Privacy law, Smart Contract, System view, Trust,
- MeSH
- důvěra MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítače do ruky MeSH
- počítače MeSH
- soukromí * MeSH
- zdravotní záznamy osobní * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The wide-spread use of Common Data Models and information models in biomedical informatics encourages assumptions that those models could provide the entirety of what is needed for knowledge representation purposes. Based on the lack of computable semantics in frequently used Common Data Models, there appears to be a gap between knowledge representation requirements and these models. In this use-case oriented approach, we explore how a system-theoretic, architecture-centric, ontology-based methodology can help to better understand this gap. We show how using the Generic Component Model helps to analyze the data management system in a way that allows accounting for data management procedures inside the system and knowledge representation of the real world at the same time.
- Klíčová slova
- Biomedical Ontologies, Information Models, Knowledge Representation, Systems Theory, eHealth,
- MeSH
- bio-ontologie * MeSH
- data management MeSH
- sémantika * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
pHealth is a data (personal health information) driven approach that use communication networks and platforms as technical base. Often it' services take place in distributed multi-stakeholder environment. Typical pHealth services for the user are personalized information and recommendations how to manage specific health problems and how to behave healthy (prevention). The rapid development of micro- and nano-sensor technology and signal processing makes it possible for pHealth service provider to collect wide spectrum of personal health related information from vital signs to emotions and health behaviors. This development raises big privacy and trust challenges especially because in pHealth similarly to eCommerce and Internet shopping it is commonly expected that the user automatically trust in service provider and used information systems. Unfortunately, this is a wrong assumption because in pHealth's digital environment it almost impossible for the service user to know to whom to trust, and what the actual level of information privacy is. Therefore, the service user needs tools to evaluate privacy and trust of the service provider and information system used. In this paper, the authors propose a solution for privacy and trust as results of their antecedents, and for the use of computational privacy and trust. To answer the question, which antecedents to use, two literature reviews are performed and 27 privacy and 58 trust attributes suitable for pHealth are found. A proposal how to select a subset of antecedents for real life use is also provided.
- Klíčová slova
- antecedents, eCommerce, pHealth, privacy, trust,
- MeSH
- chorobopisy - počítačové systémy MeSH
- důvěra MeSH
- soukromí * MeSH
- zdravotní záznamy osobní * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The paper discusses requirements and solutions for design and management of transformed health ecosystems. After introducing related definitions with reference to the transformation of health to P5 medicine, basics on systems, knowledge representation and management as well as system development processes and their formal representation/modelling from the perspectives of systems theory, theory of knowledge, languages and grammars are considered in some detail. As result, the ISO 23903 reference architecture is shortly introduced and compared with other existing approaches and standards.
- Klíčová slova
- Ecosystems, P5 medicine, concepts, integration, knowledge representation, modeling, reference architecture, standards,
- MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- jazyk (prostředek komunikace) * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Multidisciplinary and highly dynamic pHealth ecosystems according to the 5P Medicine paradigm require careful consideration of systems integration and interoperability within the domains knowledge space. The paper addresses the different aspects or levels of knowledge representation (KR) and management (KM) from cognitive theories (theories of knowledge) and modeling processes through notation up to processing, tooling and implementation. Thereby, it discusses language and grammar challenges and constraints, but also development process aspects and solutions, so demonstrating the limitation of data level considerations. Finally, it presents the ISO 23903 Interoperability and Integration Reference Architecture to solve the addressed problems and to correctly deploy existing standards and work products at any representational level including data models as well as data model integration and interoperability.
- Klíčová slova
- 5P Medicine, architecture, integration, interoperability, knowledge management, knowledge representation, modeling, pHealth ecosystem,
- MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- jazyk (prostředek komunikace) MeSH
- systémová integrace * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The paper introduces a structured approach to transforming healthcare towards personalized, preventive, predictive, participative precision (P5) medicine and the related organizational, methodological and technological requirements. Thereby, the deployment of autonomous systems and artificial intelligence is inevitably. The paper discusses opportunities and challenges of those technologies from a humanistic and ethical perspective. It shortly introduces the essential concepts and principles, and critically discusses some relevant projects. Finally, it offers ways for correctly representing, specifying, implementing and deploying autonomous and intelligent systems under an ethical perspective.
- Klíčová slova
- P5 medicine, artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, ethical principles, pHealth,
- MeSH
- lékařství * MeSH
- mravy MeSH
- poskytování zdravotní péče MeSH
- umělá inteligence * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
