BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of endocrine system is very likely one of the important risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of selected hormones in plasma and in synovial fluid of knee joint of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or with osteoarthritis, which could affect the inflammatory processes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis (22 females and 17 males) and 12 patients with osteoarthritis (6 females and 6 males) were investigated. Concentrations of the following hormones were determined in plasma and synovial fluids: cortisol, 17-beta-estradiol, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, aldosterone, testosterone, prolactin, insulin and C-peptide by using radioimmunoassay kits. Increased levels of 17-beta-estradiol and insulin were found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared to those with osteoarthritis. The plasma concentrations of other hormones under study were not significantly different in these groups of patients. Higher levels of 17-beta estradiol, progesterone and aldosterone were noted in inflammatory knee exudate of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The levels of other hormones in exudates of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and those with osteoarthritis were not significantly different. The ratio of 17-beta estradiol / cortisol, 17-beta estradiol / testosterone and 17-beta estradiol / dehydroepiandrosterone showed increased proportions of estrogens over androgens or glucocorticoids in exudate from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that steroid and peptide hormones are transferred to synovial fluid of knee. The presence of insulin, C-peptide and aldosterone was described for the first time in synovial fluid. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis a predomination of the levels of proinflammatory estrogens over androgens was found in knee exudate. Also the levels of aldosterone and progesterone were elevated in inflammation knee exudate. This suggests that these hormones present in synovial fluid may affect the local rheumatoid inflammatory processes.
- MeSH
- hormony analýza krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteoartróza metabolismus MeSH
- revmatoidní artritida metabolismus MeSH
- synoviální tekutina chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hormony MeSH
Cerebellum is a profound structure of the central nervous system. Human cerebellum weighs about 150 g which represents around 10% of the total weight of the brain. It receives main input from sensory systems but the cerebellum functions as a part of the motor system. The cerebellum contributes by only few direct connections to motoneurons (therefore it cannot initiate any motor activity) but it projects profusely to all major motor control regions of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum acts as a controller and coordinator. It compares movement intention with, performance and coordinates the equilibrium, posture and muscle tone necessary for the smooth coordinated motor activity. The number of input projections which exceed considerably the output ones (40:1) speaks out of an enormous analytical and synthetic capacity of the cerebellum. Interneuronal transmission of informations and carriage of afferent and efferent signals are provided by wide variety of chemical messengers (amino acids, biogenic amines and neuropeptides) of the local origin or delivered from the precerebellar nuclei. Direct and reciprocal connections between the hypothalamus and cerebellum have anatomically been well documented but monosynaptic contacts between the cerebellum and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus have not been approved yet. Cerebellum can respond to stress, however, this response may not be related only to the primary effect of the stressor but also to its consequences.
- MeSH
- aferentní nervové dráhy MeSH
- eferentní nervové dráhy MeSH
- fyziologický stres metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozeček anatomie a histologie metabolismus fyziologie patofyziologie MeSH
- mozečková jádra anatomie a histologie MeSH
- neurotransmiterové látky metabolismus MeSH
- nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- receptory neurotransmiterů metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- neurotransmiterové látky MeSH
- receptory neurotransmiterů MeSH
This review presents the definition of main groups of organic chlorinated pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzodioxines, dibenzofurans, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT etc.). Moreover, the similarity of their effects with those of steroid and thyroid hormones either via steroid/thyroid receptor or via specific Ah-receptor is described. Special attention is paid to their effects on the thyroid gland in experimental conditions as well as on professionally and nonprofessionally exposed population. Finally, own preliminary data are presented which were obtained by the examination of 249 employees of the factory Chemko producing polychlorinated biphenyls in 1955-85 as compared with control groups of 218 adults from Moldava, Trebisov and Kosice and 278 women from Orava. In women from Chemko the frequency of thyroid volumes (by ultrasound) over 22,1 ml was 40/202, while that from Moldava was 16/170 (p < 0.001). In the employees of Chemko also significantly higher frequency of thyroid antibodies anti-thyroperoxidase, anti-thyroglobulin and anti-TST-receptor was found.
- MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly škodlivé účinky MeSH
- pracovní expozice MeSH
- štítná žláza účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
Among physiological reactions of the organism, the multiplicity of action of thyroid hormones is a well known phenomenon. Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate activity of other hormones, receptors for bioactive signals, enzymes, and the function of ion channels. Until triiodothyronine has been identified as a ligand for oncoprotein c-erbA, this broad potency of actions has been mysterious. C-erbA has been recognized to be a transcription factor and an authentic thyroid hormone receptor. Important evidence comes from molecular studies, which have described isoforms of c-erbA and other members of intranuclear receptor family, their heterodimerization, thyroid hormone responsive elements in the target genes, and the existence of the cross-talk mechanism. Till present, much has been learned about TH transcription regulations in vitro. An open question remains whether this regulations are operative also in the intact organism.
- MeSH
- hormony štítné žlázy chemie metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- onkogenní proteiny v-erbA metabolismus MeSH
- receptory thyreoidních hormonů metabolismus MeSH
- trijodthyronin metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hormony štítné žlázy MeSH
- onkogenní proteiny v-erbA MeSH
- receptory thyreoidních hormonů MeSH
- trijodthyronin MeSH
The concentration of iodine was estimated in 667 urine specimens of boys and girls aged 6-18 years from 5 regions of Slovakia. Only about a half of all values (i.e. 48.43%) was found in the optimum range of 10-20 micrograms/dl, while 40.43% of values wore in the range of iodine deficiency (i.e. less than 10 mu/dl). In addition, there were 10.64% of high values (ie. more than 20 micrograms/dl). These results show that the intake of iodine appears to be 3-4 times higher than before the start of iodine prophylaxis in about 1950, but it still does not reach the optimum level. The increase of iodine intake would be achieved by the replacement of iodide (KI) with iodate (KIO3) which is much more stable. This prevents the looses of iodine from the salt which represent 50 to 75 percent of the original level within 1 to 1 and a half year.
- MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- jod aplikace a dávkování moč MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nutriční nároky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- Názvy látek
- jod MeSH
The objective of this work was to test in type II diabetics with hyperlipoproteinaemia the action of a new analogue of nicotinic acid--Acipimox (Olbetam, Farmitalia Carlo Erba). The investigation comprised 24 patients of whom 16 took for three months Olbetam (250 mg 3 x per day by the oral route) and 8 patients were given placebo. The investigated biochemical parameters were examined before administration of the preparation was started and 4 and 12 weeks following its administration. Contrary to the group taking placebo, in the group taking Olbetam a significant decline of the triglyceride serum level occurred and a slight decline of total serum cholesterol levels and increase of HDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic risk indexes were thus more favourable. The results indicate that Olbetam is a satisfactory hypolipidemic agent for the treatment of diabetic hyperlipoproteinaemia.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev komplikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hyperlipoproteinemie krev komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- hypolipidemika terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy krev MeSH
- pyraziny terapeutické užití MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- acipimox MeSH Prohlížeč
- hypolipidemika MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
- pyraziny MeSH
- MeSH
- hormony fyziologie MeSH
- imunitní systém fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurotransmiterové látky fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hormony MeSH
- neurotransmiterové látky MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- receptory glukokortikoidů klasifikace metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- receptory glukokortikoidů MeSH
